The idea of artificial intelligence has always been a very fascinating phenomenon among our society. It paved the way for a new genre in the entertainment industry that brought forth ideas of human like robots. In the acclaimed movie, A.I. Artificial Intelligence, an artificial intelligent robot of the future named David, designed to experience love, is sent to a family to replace their human comatose son. As the comatose son recovers, the family no longer need David. David, craving for the motherly love he experienced, sets out to become a “real” boy to make his human mother happy. These type of ideas have raised many concerns that are debated to this day. This is known as the prodigious artificial intelligence debate, one which has yet to be resolved. Believers of a view called “Strong Artificial Intelligence” consider that in the not so distant future the computing power of machines will be able to unequivocally match the brain power of human brains. The “Weak Artificial Intelligence” advocates believe that machines will only ever be able to simulate the intelligence of a human brain as they will never truly be aware of what they are doing. Unfortunately, Strong Artificial Intelligence cannot be deemed possible as machines do not have the ability to mimic the human mind problem for problem, successfully have a state of consciousness, and are unable to achieve a state of qualia. The following simple argument represents why Strong Artificial Intelligence is not possible:
1. Strong Artificial Intelligence occurs ultimately when qualities that are accredited to the human brain are demonstrated by machines.
2. Machines are unable to completely mimic the human brain.
3. Strong Artificial Intelligence is not possible.
In 1950, young...
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...eeing that only one neuron in the human’s brain is processing the input and the output. Meaning only one neuron does not understand Chinese, not the whole brain. As a Chinese speaking person’s brain understands Chinese as a whole, the whole system the English speaking human is a part of does not understand Chinese. To counter this argument, let the English human’s brain become the whole system, as he memorizes all the instructions. Now he is still sending out the appropriate output according to the input, but still does not have any understanding of the Chinese Language.
The idea of strong artificial intelligence has been a very intriguing concept that has interested many people to put forth their ideas to comprehend the very possibility of this concept, thus allowing us to conclude that strong artificial intelligence, does not seem to be an idea that will exist.
Andy Clark strongly argues for the theory that computers have the potential for being intelligent beings in his work “Mindware: Meat Machines.” The support Clark uses to defend his claims states the similar comparison of humans and machines using an array of symbols to perform functions. The main argument of his work can be interpreted as follows:
The official foundations for "artificial intelligence" were set forth by A. M. Turing, in his 1950 paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" wherein he also coined the term and made predictions about the field. He claimed that by 1960, a computer would be able to formulate and prove complex mathematical theorems, write music and poetry, become world chess champion, and pass his test of artificial intelligences. In his test, a computer is required to carry on a compelling conversation with humans, fooling them into believing they are speaking with another human. All of his predictions require a computer to think and reason in the same manner as a human. Despite 50 years of effort, only the chess championship has come true. By refocusing artificial intelligence research to a more humanlike, cognitive model, the field will create machines that are truly intelligent, capable of meet Turing's goals. Currently, the only "intelligent" programs and computers are not really intelligent at all, but rather they are clever applications of different algorithms lacking expandability and versatility. The human intellect has only been used in limited ways in the artificial intelligence field, however it is the ideal model upon which to base research. Concentrating research on a more cognitive model will allow the artificial intelligence (AI) field to create more intelligent entities and ultimately, once appropriate hardware exists, a true AI.
The debate between those who are in favor of strong and weak artificial intelligence (AI) is directly related to the philosophy of mind. The claim of weak AI is that it is possible to run a program on a machine, which will behave as if it were a thinking thing. Believers of strong AI say that it is possible to create a program running on a machine which not only behaves as if it were thinking, but does actually think. Strong AI followers argue that an installation of a computer program is considered a mind as real as the mind of any human.
"Once the first powerful machine, with an intelligence similar to that of a human, is switched on, we will most likely not get the opportunity to switch it back off again. " Although Asimov provided us with 'rules' for robots, this quote embodies the unspoken fear of AI. Once we create a being that cannot be defined as wholly biological or mechanical, how will we determine ...
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the newest fields in Science and Engineering. Work started in earnest soon after World War II, and the name itself was coined in 1956 by John McCarthy. Artificial Intelligence is an art of creating machines that perform functions that require intelligence when performed by people [Kurzweil, 1990]. It encompasses a huge variety of subfields, ranging from general (learning and perception) to the specific, such as playing chess, proving mathematical theorems, writing poetry, driving a car on the crowded street, and diagnosing diseases. Artificial Intelligence is relevant to any intellectual task; it is truly a Universal field. In future, intelligent machines will replace or enhance human’s capabilities in
... in 21th century, and it might already dominate humans’ life. Jastrow predicted computer will be part of human society in the future, and Levy’s real life examples matched Jastrow’s prediction. The computer intelligence that Jastrow mentioned was about imitated human brain and reasoning mechanism. However, according to Levy, computer intelligence nowadays is about developing AI’s own reasoning pattern and handling complicated task from data sets and algorithms, which is nothing like human. From Levy’s view on today’s version of AI technology, Jastrow’s prediction about AI evolution is not going to happen. As computer intelligence does not aim to recreate a human brain, the whole idea of computer substitutes human does not exist. Also, Levy said it is irrelevant to fear AI may control human, as people in today’s society cannot live without computer intelligence.
Currently, computers can calculate and run algorithms much faster than humans, and if strong A.I. was to exist, these technological beings would be intelligently superior to human kind. Elon Musk, a world renowned technological genius, fears Silicon Valley’s rush into artificial intelligence, because he believes it poses a threat to humanity (Dowd, Maureen). Musk stated that “one reason to colonize Mars – so that we’ll have a bolt-hole if A.I. goes rogue and turns on humanity” (Dowd, Maureen). The possibility of this outcome is real because if strong A.I. was to exist, they have the potentially to surpass humans in every aspect. The main difference between A.I. and humans is that humans are conscious beings that can think for themselves. If A.I. was to develop consciousness, they would be able to do every task much more efficiently than humans. According to Stephen Hawking, “If people design computer viruses, someone will design AI that improves and replicates itself. This will be a new form of life that outperforms humans” (Sulleyman, Aatif). This world-renowned physicist believes that A.I. will begin to self-improve upon themselves through an algorithm that allows A.I. to learn. Ultimately, this technological being will advance to a point where it realizes that it does not need humans anymore. “Back in 2015, he [Stephen Hawking] also
Artificial Intelligence is a term not too widely used in today’s society. With today’s technology we haven’t found a way to enable someone to leave their physical body and let their mind survive within a computer. Could it be possible? Maybe someday, but for now it’s just in theory. The novel by William Gibson, Neuromancer, has touched greatly on the idea of artificial intelligence. He describes it as a world where many things are possible. By simply logging on the computer, it opens up a world we could never comprehend. The possibilities are endless in the world of William Gibson.
Since antiquity the human mind has been intrigued by artificial intelligence hence, such rapid growth of computer science has raised many issues concerning the isolation of the human mind.
Margaret Boden’s “Artificial Intelligence: Cannibal or Missionary” is a credible primary source article rebutting common concerns of artificial intelligence. Boden uses strong logic to combat against the thought of artificial intelligence making humans less special and artificial intelligence causing people to be dehumanized. Boden concludes that dehumanization and people finding themselves less special from AI are false and that other concerns include people overlying on AI.
The concepts of the development of artificial intelligence can be traced as far back as ancient Greece. Even something as small as the abacus has in someway led to the idea of artificial intelligence. However, one of the biggest breakthroughs in the area of AI is when computers were invented.
In order to see how artificial intelligence plays a role on today’s society, I believe it is important to dispel any misconceptions about what artificial intelligence is. Artificial intelligence has been defined many different ways, but the commonality between all of them is that artificial intelligence theory and development of computer systems that are able to perform tasks that would normally require a human intelligence such as decision making, visual recognition, or speech recognition. However, human intelligence is a very ambiguous term. I believe there are three main attributes an artificial intelligence system has that makes it representative of human intelligence (Source 1). The first is problem solving, the ability to look ahead several steps in the decision making process and being able to choose the best solution (Source 1). The second is the representation of knowledge (Source 1). While knowledge is usually gained through experience or education, intelligent agents could very well possibly have a different form of knowledge. Access to the internet, the la...
The approach to artificial intelligence should be proceeded with caution. Throughout recent years and even decades before, it has been a technological dream to produce artificial intelligence. From movies, pop culture, and recent technological advancements, there is an obsession with robotics and their ability to perform actions that require human intelligence. Artificial intelligence has become a real and approachable realization today, but should be approached with care and diligence. Humans can create advanced artificial intelligence but should not because of the harm they may cause, the monumental advancement needed in the technology, and that its harm outweighs its benefits.
Artificial Intelligence is the scientific theory to advance the scientific understanding of the mechanisms underlying thought and intelligent behavior and their embodiment in machines. This is going to hold the key in the future. It has always fa...
A.I. Artificial Intelligence is a Steven Spielberg science fiction drama film, which tells the story of a younger generation robot, David, who yearns for his human mother’s love. David’s character stimulates the mind-body question. What is the connection between our “minds” and our bodies? It is apparent that we are personified entities, but also, that we embrace “more” than just our bodies. “Human persons are physical, embodied beings and an important feature of God’s intended design for human life” (Cortez, 70).