Views on Computationalism: Clark vs. Searle

This is the goal of the field of AI, yet it is not an easy goal to define. AI researchers express their goals differently, but they all share an interest in creating, through the hardware and software of a computer, an entity that is in some way recognized as intelligent and that shares some aspects of the distinctly human conditions. Thus, AI can be viewed as the attempt to create a machine that is in some way created in the image of the human person, an image loosely defined using the term intelligence. [3] One of the most challenging approaches facing experts is building systems that mimic the behavior of the human brain, made up of billions of neurons, and arguably the most complex matter in the universe. Alan Turing, a British computer scientist, stated that a computer would deserves to be called intelligent if it could deceive a human into believing that it was human.

If critics would like proof, then artificial intelligence is well on its way to showing the world that matter is capable of doing what the mind can. Computers are capable of so much nowadays; they can distinguish faces, organize data, solve equations, and so on. Those who are critical of this theory may point out that although computers can do simple input and output processing tasks, there still needs to be a human that uses the computer to make judgments, reflect, and even be creative. IBM created the

Second, it deals with representing those processes via machines (like computers, robots, etc.). AI is behavior of a machine, which, if performed by a human being, would be called intelligent. It makes machines smarter and more useful, and is less expensive than natural intelligence. Natural language processing (NLP) refers to artificial intelligence methods of communicating with a computer in a natural language like English. The main objective of a NLP program is to understand input and initiate action.

This goes beyond simple languages and syntactical manipulation. Cultural gulfs in language would also be the focus of such devices. Through the course of Mind and Machine, we have established that artificial intelligence's function will not be to replicate the conscious state of man, but to act as an auxiliary to him. Proponents of Strong AI Thesis and Weak AI Thesis may hold out, but the inevitable will manifest itself in the end. It may be easy to ridicule those proponents, but I submit that in their research into making conscious machines, they are doing the field a favor in the innovations and discoveries they make.

In the reading of John R. Searle Minds, Brains, and Programs, he claims that the strong artificial intelligence to the effect is suitably programmed computers and in fact have minds. He stats that computers can have understand things. In contrasts their weak AI, which claims that computers are like a powerful tool that people can use to study the mind with. To be a little more specific, Searle concentrated on the AI program that answered questions such as stories based information. The strong AI claims that the calculations operated by computers are sufficient for the computers to understand and that those calculations tell us about how the human minds work.

If the standard by which to measure the explanatory value of a view were its revolutionary character, then Turing's (1936) analysis of the concept of computation would be highly valued indeed. Whereas the science of mind was once dominated by behaviorists, today it is dominated by computationalists. For computationalists, the mind/brain is a computer. As computationalists came to shoulder the burden for explaining how the mind/brain works, Turing's analysis of what counts as a computer became the standard by which to justify empirical claims about whether something is a computer. According to Turing, all computers are digital computers and something becomes a (digital) computer just in case its "behavior" is interpreted as implementing, executing, or satisfying some (mathematical) function 'f'.

(Bowyer 3)  He asks:  "how much decision-making should be entrusted to a machine?" In this paper I'd like to explore some of the issues around this topic, which I will generalize into the question "is human judgment essential to a decision-making process?" After discussing the impacts the answer to this question could have on human institutions, I will ultimately conclude that human judgment is a critical ingredient to decision-making, but not necessarily at a fixed point in the process. First it is useful to discuss in what sense computers can be used in a decision-making process. As computers approximate more and more the range of capacities that humans are capable of, the more they will be able to take an active role in organizing our lives.

Introduction Artificial intelligence is a branch of science that deals with electronic devices or machines that help in finding solutions of the complex problems in the same pattern as humans do. This usually comprises on features and traits borrowing from human intelligence, and applies them as computer algorithms in a friendly way. An efficient approach can be adopted depending on the appropriate requirements, which affect how artificial intelligent behavior appears. Artificial intelligence in general, is related with the field of computer science, but it has important linkages with other areas such as Mathematics, Psychology, Cognition, Biology and Philosophy, are among many other fields. Human beings have the ability to combine the knowledge of all these fields that ultimately benefit progress in the pursuit to craft artificial intelligent existence.

As a result this debate can be characterised being concerned with narrow human understanding of the concept of thought. This I will argue that this flaw characterises the various philosophical theories of artificial intelligence. On one hand functionalists, such as Fodor and Putnam, argue that “the psychology of a system depends” not on the physical architecture of a system, neurons in the mind brain or the wires in a computer, but instead how it is “put together.” (Fodor 1981 p 114) As they characterise mental states as functional states – inputs of stimuli and outputs of behav... ... middle of paper ... ...he Philosophy of Mind' in The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of Computing. Floridi, Ludiano. (Ed.)

Intelligent computer systems can and do benefit us all; however people have constantly warned that making computers too intelligent can be to our disadvantage. Artificial intelligence, or AI, is a field of computer science that attempts to simulate characteristics of human intelligence or senses. These include learning, reasoning, and adapting. This field studies the designs of intelligent agents, or a system that acts intelligibly. The term artificial intelligence is confusing and misleading however.