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Developing of reading skills
A comprehensive essay on reading skills
Developing of reading skills
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Anderson, K.A., & Camelia, I.S. (2009). The effects of school-based curricula on reading achievement of African American males in special education. The Journal of Negro Education, 78(3), 1-15. This article is about four studies that examining instructional methods and positives and negatives. Then it goes on in explaining some methods and has a table that compares and contrast after two years to four years of their practices of comprehension. The result of the study showed that African American Males in special education shows improvements with their reading achievements. Key Words: Oral reading fluency, African American Males, National Reading Association
Specific Point: “Research has shown that students in special education are likely to experience reading difficulties (Aaron, Joshi, Gooden, & Bentum, 2008; Hay, Elias, Fielding-Barnsley, Homel, & Freiberg,2007). “ (337) Stenson Article has many contentions to the Anderson article. Both of them discussed the role of African American males in special education. With Anderson article, we are mainly discussing the achievement levels of African American males. While in Stenson article the study
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(2010). Rethinking literacy development of bilingual students with special needs: challenges, struggles and growth. International Journal of Special Education, 25(2), 136-147. Because special education bilingual students have encountered so many challenges it does not take about from them wanting to achieve in school. This article analyzing the reading and writing skills of Bilingual Student educations and how teachers can become more attentive to them in terms of where these students might need help with their literacy skills. The article going through a whole study of a student named Angel and him being a BSE students and their
Purcell, J., Lee, M., & Biffin, J. (2006). Supporting bilingual children in early childhood. Learning Links. Retrieved from http://www.learninglinks.org.au/pdf/infosheets/LLIS%2050_Bilingualism.pdf
...vironments then blacks. Minority students are being over represented in special education programs. As an African American, I will need to prepare myself for my future as an educator. When I become a teacher, I may encounter a student that has difficulties keeping up with his peers. I need to know whether this student is a slow learner or a victim of the achievement gap. This research has taught me abo¬ut the factors that have disproportionately affected African-American, Latino, Asian, and other non-white students. I will use this information to contribute to both my future research and career.
Among the predominant explanations offered for the existence of disproportionate ethnic representation in special education is the influence of poverty or socioeconomic disadvantage on the academic readiness of minority students. The National Research Council (NRC) reported on research that was conducted and concluded with a “definitive yes” that there are “biological and social/contextual contributors to early development that differ by race and that leave students differentially prepared to meet the cognitive and behavioral demands of schooling” (Skiba, et al. 131). The NRC suggested that the effects of a number of biological and social factors could be included under the broader heading of poverty. The relationship between disproportionality and poverty
A special education setting is based on educational needs of those with learning disabilities. Students should not be immediately placed in a special education classroom, but instead should be taught strategies that are appropriate to their educational needs. Notwithstanding, Serge did not have a learning disability and as a result, should not have been placed in a special education setting. This was inappropriate placement for him as his only problem was his inability to speak English. Although he eventually did thrive with the instruction he received from Mrs. Evans, a resource teacher, his placement was not appropriate. In correlation with Ortiz (2001), “Early Invention for English Languages who are having difficulty in school needs to be implemented by general eduction teachers. Supportive school climates and instruction tailored to meet the needs of culturally and linguistically diverse students (Ortiz, 2001, pg. 4). Also, if Serge was placed into a general education setting with individualized instruction, he would have been barely able to perform at all. He would not understand anything that is going on and would have been completely lost. In order to grasp material, Serge should have both Serbian and English material provided for
Padilla, Amado. "Bilingual Education: Issues and Perspectives." From Community to College, New York, St. Martin's Press 1992
Sullivan, A. L. (2011). The 'Standard'. Disproportionality in Special Education: Identification and Placement of English Language Learners. Exceptional Children, 77(3), 317-334.
Literacy is vital for reading and writing of all children, both hearing and deaf. Research has shown that having a strong L1 foundation, it can be applied in learning how to read and write in English. Advocates of bilingual bicultural education agree that the reading and writing skills that are acquired based on the strong foundation of their L1 develops the foundation of L2 (Evans, 2004; Puente et al, 2006). Researches conducted by Padden & Ramsey (2000) show that ASL fingerspelling skills are related to English literacy and vocabulary knowledge (Hile, 2009). One study done by Padden & Ramsey (2000), showed the fingerspelling tasks that were given to thirty-one deaf students in two groups (3rd-4th graders
One of the first challenges that ELL instructors must come to terms with is the identification and assessment of their students’ learning capabilities in their classroom. Traditional identification instruments designed for English speakers may not be valid with English language learners. Identification of English language learners with special needs should include consideration of several factors, such as family history, developmental and health history, first language and literacy development, previous schooling, and the learners' current academic ability, just to name a few. Learning in any language is affected by learning disabilities, but second language learners with special needs present additional educational challenges. According to the British Columbia Ministry of Education, Skills, and Training (Fowler & Hooper, 1998), instructors of English language learners with special needs should consider the cultural, developmental, and first language background of the learner. They should also do the following: (1.) Provide a highly structured learning environment; (2.) Focus on contextual learning;
When visiting just about any school across America, students who attend come from all over the globe. This raises the question across America about bilingual education. This can create many challenges in and out of the classroom. The classroom should be a safe place for all students regardless of what native language they speak. In the essay Lost in translation written by Eva Hoffman, describes a foreign student who tries hard to fit in. Instead, Eva begins to feel angry, hurt and confused because people laugh at her. In Guiding Principles for Dual Language Education by Elizabeth R. Howard, Julie Sugarman, Donna Christian Center for Applied Linguistics Kathryn J. Lindholm-Leary San José State University David Rogers Dual Language Education of New Mexico. Guiding principles gives great ideas to educators to stop kids from making other students feel the way that Eva felt. After reading several articles about bilingual education, it is evident that all children in school should learn English but never lose their native language. When all the students speak one language, students will be less likely to make fun of each other. A good educator should learn enough foreign languages to aid them in effective communication in their classroom although; if an educator does not speak a foreign language, they should recruit within the classroom students to be peer mentors. However, a teacher should be willing to listen and encourage the students. Above all a good educator should be a good role model to their students by respecting their heritage and their language.
According with Jean Piaget whose theory on child development has been a great influence in education; language development is the most important phase during the Preoperational stage of cognitive development. During this stage children develop and build up their knowledge and vocabulary by asking questions and expressing ideas through words, images and drawings. This stage is considerate to happen from two years of to seven years of age (Kendra Cherry). Language development has direct implications in the intellectual development of a child, and it is one of the main tools to develop our thinking process. We use words to store and access memories or other information. For Latinos children and especially recent arrivals whose language is Spanish entering to school where their primary language (Mother tongue) has no validation neither use may be traumatic and even hinder their future opportunities to succeed in a school system that is complete foreign in concept and in language. In order to integrate and create opportunities for the Latino students to succeed the in the educational system we must create programs that address the specific needs of the Latino community such as bilingual education where students learn to speak, read and write in their mother tongue language first.
...n language and the development of literacy. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 13(2), 175-186. doi: 10.1080/13670050903474085
From my experience, bilingual education was a disadvantage during my childhood. At the age of twelve, I was introduced into a bilingual classroom for the first time. The crowded classroom was a combination of seventh and eighth grade Spanish-speaking students, who ranged from the ages of twelve to fifteen. The idea of bilingual education was to help students who weren’t fluent in the English language. The main focus of bilingual education was to teach English and, at the same time, teach a very basic knowledge of the core curriculum subjects: Mathematics, Social Sciences, and Natural Sciences. Unfortunately, bilingual education had academic, psychological, and social disadvantages for me.
When the question arouse about the various ways to help improve reading in an African American classroom, many parents started to become more and more concerned. Students’ progress in reading is arguably the largest concern compared to any other subject taught in school, and rightfully so. Nothing is more important to academic success than being an adequate reader. Current research in reading attests that children who read extensively become better readers and writers over time. In order for a student to achieve in English, math, science, history, geography, and other subjects, appropriate reading skills must be developed to the point that most of them come natural. A substantial amount of students should not be struggling with recognizing
Mazurek, K. & Winzer, M.A. (Eds.). (1994). Comparative Studies in Special Education. Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Press.
Despite the benefits of being multilingual when one has autism, there is not much information about them, which can lead to discouragement and confusion, especially as the child grows older. The study by Hambly and Lombonne (2011) states that “little is currently known about the pace of learning or bilingual achievements for children with ASDs” (p. 1349). We are able to realize the disadvantages, however, and it is important that we avoid disadvantaging children. This all starts with the parents.