Hypothesis: Spinach seeds will germinate more in soils with an almost neutral pH (between 5.0 and 7.0) than in acidic or basic soils, due to the disruption in the necessities for germination of the seeds such as nutrients that unneutral soil would cause. Experimental Design Diagram
Title: The Effect of pH on Germination of Spinach Seeds
Hypothesis: Spinach seeds will germinate more in soils with an almost neutral pH (between 5.0 and 7.0) than in acidic or basic soils, due to the disruption in the necessities for germination of the seeds such as nutrients that unneutral soil would cause.
Independent Variable: The independent variable is the pH of the substance added to dampen the paper.
The first level of the IV was the control, where 2 mL of
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They were in the same location on the windowsill, and received the same amount of sunlight. They also were in the same room temperature for the same amount of time. The container was taped shut to avoid evaporation.
Summary Paragraphs: In three dishes, paper was placed in the bottom to absorb the moisture. Twenty-five spinach seeds were added to each using tweezers. Two milliliters of different solutions were then added to each. The solutions were deionized water, 1 mL water and 1 mL vinegar, and 1 mL water and 1 mL Borax. The water was used to form a neutral environment, the vinegar to form an acidic environment, and the Borax to form a basic environment. The petri dishes were then labeled, taped shut, and placed on the windowsill for seven days.
The hypothesis that a neutral environment would cause more seeds to germinate than acidic and basic environments was supported. Some possible errors in the experiment were that the papers were not dampened again and the temperature on the windowsill may have been too cool. To extend the experiment, multiple trials can be conducted and warm environments versus cooler environments could be
I added ½ tablespoon of baking soda to 4 cups of water. I added a small drop of liquid soap to the water and stirred to mix. I used the end of a straw and cut out 20 circles of spinach leaves. I pulled the plunger completely out of the syringe and put the leaf circles into the syringe. Next I pushed the plunger back in. I used the syringe to suck up the baking soda water until the syringe was about ¼ full of liquid. I placed my finger over the end of the syringe and pulled back on the plunger as far as I could without pulling the plunger out. I repeated this step three times. All the leaf circles sunk to the bottom of the liquid. I placed the spinach into a clear glass with about 2 inches of baking soda solution. I blocked out all light. I set the lamp with a compact florescent light bulb. I placed the glass in front of the lamp. I counted the number of circles that floated after each minute for 20 minutes (positive control). I created a negative control by not placing compact florescent light bulb and not placing the glass in front of the lamp. I counted the number of circles that are floating. I repeated the experiment with fresh circles and used regular water plus soap for all steps instead of baking soda and soa...
To ensure validity, measure abiotic factors including soil temperature, light intensity, soil texture, and soil pH
The main purpose of this lab was to conduct an experiment with tobacco seeds in different environments to see if it could change the phenotype of the seedlings. My hypothesis for this lab was that the environment has an influence on the development of a phenotype. My hypothesis was supported in two different ways. First of all, after switching the environment, we had more green seedlings than what we started with due to the chlorophyll being activated with the light. Second of all, we had seeds that had the chlorophyll gene sprout an Albino stem. Even when we conducted the experiment we found similar results. This is supported because when we first started the experiment, we had 25 seeds in the dark and 25 in the light. Although the first seedlings
There are four main external factors that aid the germination process: water, oxygen, light, and temperature. Germination cannot occur in most mature seeds without water, which is essential in restoring the metabolic processes of dormant seeds. Under watering or overwatering can be detrimental to seed germination as well the pH level of the water. When a seed coat splits, seed respiration switches from anaerobic to aerobic (Lockwood & Hartman,
The A. fistulosum seeds will be planted and placed with access to varying degrees of light (0 watts, 40 watts, and 100 watts). The amount of light will inhibit or encourage cells to create ATP, which they will use to synthesise organic compounds, such as glucose for energy. As the light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis generally increases. The more nutrients that the cells are able to produce, the more growth the seeds exhibit.
Two members of the group were instructed to visit the laboratory each day of the experiment to water and measure the plants (Handout 1). The measurements that were preformed were to be precise and accurate by the group by organizing a standardized way to measure the plants. The plants were measured from the level of the soil, which was flat throughout all the cups, to the tip of the apical meristems. The leaves were not considered. The watering of the plants took place nearly everyday, except for the times the lab was closed. Respective of cup label, the appropriate drop of solution was added to the plant, at the very tip of the apical meristems.
In terms of temperature, some groups will have soil with a higher temperature and others will try a lower temperature. Groups 1-4 will plant seeds in soil that has a soil with a low temperature (50° - 65°) and groups 5-9 will plant the seeds in a soil with a moderate temperature (65° - 80°, the final group will plant seeds in soil that has the highest temperature (80° - 95°). These temperatures will range from 50° to 95°. Soil moisture will vary depending on the group and how much water they decide to use. For example, different soil types absorb water differently. As far as our grouping, the first group (1-4) will be planting seeds using soil with the highest level of moisture being about 10m3, the second group will using soil with a slightly lower moisture
The extraction procedure isolates the pigments in spinach that will be used in the TLC analysis by leaving the insoluble properties behind. Each step serves a purpose in doing so, for example, the spinach is blended into a puree in order facilitate the centrifuge process. 75/25 hexane/acetone solution is used in the blending process because hexane alone is not enough and acetone alone is miscible in water. Anhydrous sodium sulfate is used to dry the organic solution after it has been through the centrifuge tube and separated into a test tube. The purpose of the alumina column is to filter unwanted inorganic chemicals while letting the desired organic chemicals to pass through.
We used wheatgrass were 40 wheatgrass seeds, two empty pots, soil, and water. We first added soil for both pots and 20 wheatgrass seeds in each pot. My partner and I decided that we label pot one experiment which is “sugar and water” and pot two control which is “water” only. The experiment was for almost four weeks we had to make sure both get the same room temperature and water, so we can see the results after this amount of time. Both pots had same room temperature so both can have the same amount of sunlight also, the same amount of water which is a glass of water from the sink once a week. In the experiment pot we added a glass of water with one teaspoon of sugar and the control pot glass of water. Every week we used to see both pots grow almost the same. At the end of the experiment, my partner and I measured the length for both plants and we recorded the average for each plant, so we can know the rate of growth
Every student in a lab section planted eight seeds, two in each cell in a quad, to make sure that we had at least one plant for each week for 4 weeks. After planting the seeds we put the plants on a water mat tray to make
Independent variables: The temperature of hcl gas will be decreased and increased throughout the experiment.
One of the benefits of spinach is that this green is readily available, nearly all over the world. Even though, with its abundant nutrient profile, it sounds like an amazing super food, it’s still easy to find in the market or easy to grow. In addition, it’s affordable.
In order for a seed to germinate, many conditions must be met. Firstly a seed must be viable. If a seed is viable it require a suitable environment with proper levels of moisture, suitable temperatures, oxygen, fertile soil, and proper pH levels to name a few. However, as many of us have experienced, some viable (living) seeds will NOT germinate, even when given the perfect conditions. In the field of botany, this phenomenon is known as “physiological seed dormancy” (will be referred to as PSD from here on out). In plain language, PSD is like a “hibernation” stage that occurs after seed maturation but before germination.
We also labeled each plant with the numbers 1-5, so we would keep track of each treatment based off of the numbers. After this step, each container was watered with 100 ml of water since we didn’t have all of our different liquids yet. When watering the plants was complete we placed our containers in the incubator which provides 24 hours of light to our plants, and keeps the plants at a relatively constant temperature. The temperature inside the incubator at that time was 26.3 degrees Celsius. The next day we convened we had our different liquids for watering the plants, so each plant received water, bleach, Big Red, chicken broth, and soy milk according to their number. Each plant was given 100 ml of their assigned liquid. The residual water found in the Big Red group’s container was dumped out and the chicken broth found their soil to be damp on top but otherwise the soil was rather dry. It was noted that the temperature of the incubator was 28.2 degrees Celsius when we put the plants away. During the weekend our plants were also watered with 100 ml of their required liquid. Following the weekend we all came back on Tuesday to observe any growth and to water our plants again with 100 ml of their required liquid. The chicken broth group spilled some of their broth so they only watered their plant with around 95 ml. The temperature of the incubator at this time was 28 degrees Celsius. The next day we were in class we watered our plants and recorded our observations just like the days before and our plants were watered on the weekends, the temperature of the incubator when we put the plants up was 26.9 degrees Celsius. When we met back up on Tuesday we watered our plants again and wrote down our observations. The incubator also turned off at one point and this compromised some of our standardized
Tomatoes prefer a slightly acidic soil and will grow well in a pH of 5.5 – 6.8