South Africa
Introduction
Energy is defined as something that creates action. Energy has always been a necessity, because everything requires it in one way or another to work.
Without energy, there could bo no electricity, no modern convieniences, or industrialization. Unfortunatly, energy usually means that are negative impacts on the environment. Some of the environmental impacts include, air pollution, land pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, and general aesthetic problems.
I plan to come up with a plan to make South Africa's resources last, with minimal effects on the environment, which is cost effective, as well as realistic. Current Energy Profile
South Africa is a nation with many reasources. It has many mines, that mine many different minerals, including coal, uranium, and diamonds. South
Africa only has six-percent of the total population in Africa, but it produces sixty-percent of it's energy.
Coal mines fill the country. It currently has more than sixty open mines open. In total, the country has 121,218 million tons of coal, and 55,333 million tons of that are projected reserves. Coal currently supplies 84% of South
Africa's electricity.
Suth Africa has been looking to develop and find more sources of natural gas, and oil. Large amounts of gas were recently found at Mossel Bay on the south coast. The reserves are large enough to produce 25,000 of diesel and petrol a day for thirty years.
South Africa has one nuclear power plant. It also has a large supply of
Uranuim, which is a by product of copper mining. It has 247,600 metric tons of recoverable uranium with a cost of less than $80.00 per ton. It has 96,800 at a cost of less than $130.00 per ton, and provides 14% of the western world's uranium. Renewable resources only supply 5% of the total energy. It has three hydro-electric plants. More aren't being developed, because there would have to be many dams, and resivoirs built. It also lies in a dry area of Africa.
South Africa's currently uses 3,756 miilion GJ of energy a year. It is broken up by, 48% for industry, 24% for transportation, 17% by households, 8% by the mining industry, and 3% for agriculture.
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...nerators don't require many workers to run them. I propose that 20% of the electricity should come from wind by 2025.
Solar Power:
South Africa also has a good potential for solatr power. It has a high average tempertaure, and is a dry country, which means it is usually sunny. The cost are more expensive than other power sources, but there are no environmental costs, and it will never run out. The only pollution it has is the dicarding of batteries, and that isn't very often, and with new ways of disposing batteries it is very safe. I propose 25% of the power to be supplied from the sun.
Coal:
Coal needs to be discontinued slowly. The expotation of coal, is extremely important to the economy. It would have to be dicontinued slow enough, so that all the people working in all the aspects that relate to coal could find new jobs. Coal still needs to provide a large part of electricity production.
The coal the country has is the cleanest burning, and supplies the most heat, this is good. Mainly coal just needs to be used less, so that it will last longer. I would like to see that by 2025, only 30% of the power be from coal.
oil,coal, and natural gas, since we have uranium right here in the United States so no need to import
I comprehend that the future of coal depends on change and innovation; I feel America needs to use clean energy in the future to protect our environment and public health. I think changes to the clean water act created ambiguity to coal companies, which allowed the dumping of mining waste into our nations waterways. Appalachia needs to rely less on coal mining and concentrate on diversifying the economy. Appalachia has an abundance of resources that can be urbanized to supply new jobs and clean energy methods, such as wind, solar, hydropower and biomass, which could support rural areas. With political and economic guidance, I believe Appalachia could transition from coal to clean energy.
Coal is by far the most abundant of fossil fuels, and will be available for much longer than oil. Having been harvested and burned since the 13th century, a massive infrastructure has been formed to quickly and efficiently mine, deliver, and burn coal. Coal is also the cheapest of fossil fuels (The Futurist, 1997)
"The Toll from Coal." Catf.us. Clean Air Task Force, Sept. 2010. Web. 25 Nov. 2013.
South Carolina stretches from the Atlantic Ocean to the Blue Ridge Mountains, containing 31,113 square miles. Fortieth in geographic area among the fifty states, it ranks twenty-sixth in population. The Palmetto State's four million citizens value its rich history, a legacy that is a prime factor in making tourism one of the state's largest industries.
They previously made due on charcoal but with the ascending popularity of steam engines and furnaces there was a demand for coal. Improvements in the steam engine and development of factories by Arkwright and Watt further increased this growing demand of coal. Mining was extremely dangerous flooding, encounters with explosions from damp gas (explosive gas found deep in the earth) or poisons gas, and collapses were not uncommon. In an attempt to avoid these issues they set up ventilation and had young children called trappers open and close them so coal trucks could pass through. They also deemed it would protect the rest of the coal if an explosion were to occur.
Coal in the 1930’s: The First Lame Duck? European Union. 2002. Great Sutton Street, London. .
While the economic cost of this is considerable — over $1 billion spent in the United States alone, despite the fact that the relatively few coal fires it plays host to are still extant — the environmental cost is perhaps even more alarming.
Countless of years ago a great mountain range stretched north from what is now the topmost coast of South America, the range was in a constant state of upheaval, lashed by continuous rains, swept by storms, with fire spouting from every peak finally the mountains dropped beneath the sea, quieted most of the volcanoes. The exposed peaks were covered with verdure of fantastic beauty, and left these peaks above the sea to form the chain of West Indian islands as we know today. Although they were islands surrounded by the Caribbean Sea, and are nowhere near Asian India, they were still considered the West Indian islands. Then why the concept of West Indian, we ask? Christopher Columbus, who discovered these islands, can surely explain why he gave such a name to islands that were never Indian descent.
The effects of using fossil fuels are starker than their timelines. Humans release approximately two billion metric tons of pollution annually, mostly from the burning of coal, oil, and natural gas; this pollution is destroying our environment and the ozone layer. Ozone and smog damage forests, crops, and other plant life, and reduces visibility. Other pollutants have the same
I disagree with increasing dependence on coal because if the use of coal becomes greater, more carbon dioxide will be present in the air we breathe. This can be detrimental to human health.
Wind power is one of the most sustainable ways of generating electricity as no toxic emissions are produced; it does not add to global warming and is one of the most available sources of renewable energy and theoretically it is an infinite source of energy. On sufficiently windy areas, wind turbines are one of the most economical methods of generating electricity, which makes it appealing to many individuals, governments and organizations. Due to this it is the fastest growing source of electricity in the world (Union of Concerned Scientists, 2014) with a 10% increase in yearly additions installed in 2012 compared with 2011 (Global Wind Energy Council, 2012). However the proportion of energy that can be harnessed through wind power is restricted by the cost of the infrastructure needed, construction, the amount of wind that occurs and that there are only a narrow number of sites within the UK that are windy enough for the wind turbines to be worth installing.
The topic that I will be discussing is Thai culture. In this, it will include areas that influence this culture. First, I will give you the geographical information of the country of Thailand. The second area that I will look at will be language. Language is an extremely important part of culture and some say that one cannot be found without the other. After that I will inform you about customs, traditions and taboos in Thai culture. This is a very important part of culture and is what shows the differences between cultures. Then I briefly tell you about the government and some national symbols, such as the flag, the symbol, colors, anthem, dress, and national day. Next, I will explain about religion in Thailand. In most cultures there is religion, but in Thailand it is interwoven into its whole culture and it is hard to separate the two. One other thing that I will include in this paper is a link to a page with pictures from my trip to Thailand.
South Africa is a nation with a wonderful and varied culture. This country has been called “The Rainbow Nation”, a name that reflects the diversity of such amazing place. The different ethnic and cultural groups of the South Africa do, however, appreciate their own beliefs and customs. Many of these traditions, besides African culture, are influenced by European and Western heritage. The complex and diverse population of the country has made a strong impact to the various cultures. There are forty-five million people; about thirty million are black, five million white, three million coloured and one million Indians. The black population has a large number of rural people living in poverty. It is among these inhabitants that cultural customs are preserve the most.
Fuels like coal, and oil that once were a fine innovation in creating energy are now rapidly deleting and one day will be gone forever; energy that won’t last is often referred to as non-renewable energy. Besides being set up to fail and become inefficient in the future, fossil fuel energy is not clean to use and poses several environmental complications. Coal, for instance is “the dirtiest of all fossil fuels. Coal combustion not only produces sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides that contribute to acid rain and snow, it generates millions of tons of particulates that cause asthma and other respiratory diseases.” As with all usage of fossil fuels, it creates enormous amounts of carbon dioxide, which contributes to greenhouse gas. Not only are fossil fuels dirty, they also pose as a security risk and unforgiving on the American wallet. (Saini)