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the history of science and technology
history of science and technilogy
the history of science and technology
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The ethos of science was always been about seeking for the truth. Ptolemy wanted to know what was in the heavens. Newton wanted to know about motion and force. Einstein wanted to know about protons and relativity. These scientists and many others have always had that pure desire of wanting to learn the truth about what they were interested. However, if we were to examine the present, scientists today are struggling not because of their truth-seeking journeys but because of the need to produce results so that they can still have the opportunity of keeping their jobs researching the subjects that they have researching for the past few years. In today’s lab, we see researchers scrounging around for grant money and yelling on the phone with the editors for journal space. Professors are stressed wanting to take control of the department’s curricula as they will be the scientific building blocks for students. Are the social organizations, the University and other scientific communities, affecting science to the point that the reality of what is science has been changed? I believe that the skeptical sociologists of science are erroneous to insist that the Scientific Reality is nothing more than a monopoly controlling every aspect of science. In this paper, I will carefully explain what sociology of science is and its effects on scientists and science, clarify how the struggle above is truly influencing scientists and science, and bring about a conclusion that will wrap up my thoughts on the issue.
What is sociology of science? Robert K. Merton, a famous sociology professor from Columbia University, found interest in the subject of how the social and cultural aspects within the lab affect the scientific data being produced. After observi...
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... given to those who are known to produce results. Sponsors search for potential researchers through journals to look for experience, so recognition comes from the articles that labs produce. People fight over journal space because it means their names will be out in the public. Professorship is granted to the well-known researchers and professors try to get a hold of the curriculum to place their thoughts as the building blocks of the students at the University. In the end, all these actions are acts of survival in the harsh environment that science has become. Scientists want to keep their pure desire of wanting to know more even if it means dubious means toward your fellow peers. Science has sociological factors that are affecting it, but its evolution is trying to get rid of such factors to reach the “truth”. Therefore, science is still a quest to find the truth.
Both in fiction and in real life a certain breed of scientists has decided to ignore the scientific method and chase dreams of fame. With that fame, they hope to dig deep into our pockets and reap the benefits of their poor workmanship. It is most evident from the examples given that these scientists, who have seemingly reversed scientific evolution, no longer care for true science and the scientific method, but rather are interested in personal glory.
A nobel prize winning, architect of the atomic bomb, and well-known theoretical physicist, Professor Richard P. Feynman, at the 1955 autumn meeting of the National Academy of science, addresses the importance of science and its impact on society. Feynman contends, although some people may think that scientists don't take social problems into their consideration, every now and then they think about them. However he concedes that, because social problems are more difficult than the scientific ones, scientist don’t spend too much time resolving them (1). Furthermore he states that scientist must be held responsible for the decisions they make today to protect the future generation; also they have to do their best, to learn as much as possible,
Schlager, Neil, and Josh Lauer. Science and Its Times: Understanding the Social Significance of Scientific Discovery. Detroit: Gale Group, 2000. Print.
Often, scientists are tasked with the role of providing evidence to support theories or to predict future outcomes based on scientific research. This methods or research are usually accepted in natural sciences like chemistry and physics. This is because unlike social science, they usually use formulas, well laid out structures and methods (Guttin, 2012). However, when it comes to social science, researchers usually work using theories by formulating hypothesis, and researching to prove or disapprove the theories. When doing this, social science researchers usually become advocates in certain circumstances. This paper highlights some of the pros and cons of scientists becoming advocates, and gives examples of when social scientists become advocates and situations where they observe objectivity.
1. The study and science of Sociology is a comparitively new pursuit, as opposed to the general sciences such as physics, archeology and chemistry, that is now being used to explain and help improve our way of life and behaviour. Many benefits are derived from the study of sociology; understanding the social dynamics within communities or certain groups give clarity on why problems and conflicts arise within them, and how those can be solved, as well as impinging upon our individual day to day existence.
As Roslynn D. Haynes suggests in her book, From Faust to Strangelove, the reality of a scientist is shrouded behind unattractive stereotypes influenced by fictional characters in novels, T.V. shows, and movies. In addition to her claims, Haynes implies that we – as a society – should reevaluate our perception of “the scientist” if our society continues to extensively depend on scientists.
Pinch, T. & Bijker, W. (1987). The Social Construction of Facts and Artifacts: Or how the Sociology of Science and the Sociology of Technology Might Benefit Each Other. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Lewis, Thomas. "The Hazards of Science." The Presence of Others. Eds. Andrea A. Lunsford, John J. Ruszkiewicz. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997. 236-242.
As time has progressed, a divide has been created between scientists and those who strongly...
Sociology is a science because methodological study is used to study the behavior of people in society in their environment. The same steps using the scientific method in a research process: observation, hypothesis testing, data analysis, and generalization is used when conducting sociological research.
After reviewing the article titles given for this first assignment, I believe they indicate that Sociology, generally speaking, is not only a study of diversity or commonality in traits among people; it is also a science about factors in a person’s life and how these factors culminate responses. Interestingly enough, its topics of concern seem to be directly determined by current and common events of the world. Through the invention and expansion of new ideas, popular trends and fashions through time, Sociology adapts to responsibly to service the very subjects of interest it studies; for, even the slightest change of a person’s daily experience can have an insurmountable impact on attitude, personal growth, family dynamics and basic group behavior.
The Effect of the Social Context of Scientific Work on the Methods and Findings of Science
Would you believe me if I told you that not all scientists just look inside a petri dish, scribble some words down, and fix all of life’s problems? Well, actually, there are plenty of different ways to research the same thing! You also have to think about all the different types of science fields that we have researching many different things. Some do look through petri dishes, some look through advanced telescopes that can see billions of miles into space, some use computers and chemicals to light up portions of the body and brain. It is quite honestly fascinating to think about all of the advancements that we are trying to make as humans. Specifically, the science of Anthropology
In our society science has always been prominent in our development and existence in one way or the other. We are surrounded by things we do not fully except, and sometimes not fully understand, and because of this in our current times a separation grows between the scientifically learned and the uneducated in science. In this essay I will discuss the overlapping effect and influence of the public understanding of science in the advancing world; As well as its prominent issues of the psychological outcomes in confrontational incidents involving opposing views in scientific relations. To help describe this complicated view of science I will be referring to the article written by Brian Wynne the Misunderstood misunderstandings: social identities and public uptake of science. This article will help to focus down the definition of the public understanding of science, and will serve as the prime example in the understanding of the issues it causes.
ABSTRACT: If the philosophy of science wants to pass along its views adequately to the public, it is important that the latter have a basic general understanding of science. Only in this way can "popularization of science" be meaningful from a philosophical and educational point of view. Is "good" popularization a possibility or merely a utopian phantasm. I conclude that popularization of science is possible if certain conditions are met. Scientists have to take responsibility and be honest in their efforts, both toward science as well as the public.