Summary Of The Social Construction Of Facts And Artifacts
analytical Essay
605 words
Reading-8 Divya Mehra Roll no. 2013033 “The Social Construction of Facts and Artifacts” is about "integrated social constructivist approach towards the study of science and technology"(pg 399). The author's Pinch and Bijker discuss that even though it has been a practice to separate science and technology, but they are hugely connected because of this they might benefit from each other. The authors discuss about the three main parts of science and technology termed as "Sociology of science", "the science technology relationship" and the "technology studies". Earlier Science was treated as an institution but now, it includes many things like "scientific experiments, "theories" etc. The authors argue that this knowledge should viewed in terms of "socially constructed" and not the one known as "scientific truth". This article points that in the social constructivist view, the 'science' it is just another system of knowledge which contains empirical researches and studies. It is basically concerned with what is "truth", how it has emerged, accepted and explained in social domain. ...
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes pinch and bijker's "the social construction of facts and artifacts" as an integrated social constructivist approach to science and technology.
- Argues that science should be viewed in terms of "socially constructed" and not the one known as scientific truth.
- Analyzes how the article shows people's views on science-technology relationship. technological innovators take no account of social and technological content innovation and that technology.
- Explains that "technology" is necessary but is somehow compared to a "black box".
- Explains that epor is an approach that demonstrates the social construction of scientific knowledge in hard sciences.
- Explains that the social construction of technology (scot) is a new field with no well established traditions of research.
- Describes the three stages of epor, which relate the content of technological artifact to the wider socio-political milieu.
- Concludes that the sociology of technology isn't developed with respect to knowledge. it's better to include several social groups in the analysis to provide with a better result.
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- Explains that the essay aims to discuss the problems of the common view of science presented by alan chalmers by popperian's view and their personal opinions.
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In this essay, the author
- Explains that science is the body of organized knowledge, the collection of ideas and theories, and the methodology used by people to prove them.
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- Explains that science is the only body of knowledge that uses this particular method to prove a certain situation. scientists that want to publish their articles on their findings and research have to follow these methods exactly according to the given order.
- Argues that science follows a unique methodology in research and clinical findings. theologies, reasoning, and presentation are important factors in science and non-scientific bodies.
- Argues that the basic idea that develops into scientists comes from basic knowledge gained by other bodies of knowledge such as observation and direct conclusion and that science is then based upon those fundamental ideas using the scientific methods.
- Argues that science is an invention of man and so are other bodies of knowledge and the roles that man plays in the usage of both these bodies are the same.
- Argues that science is not dependent upon the findings of non-scientific bodies, but vice versa. for example, if the cause of a disease is to be determined, doctors and clinical analysts research it using the scientific method.
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- Explains that certain non-scientific principles are explained using the scientific method. for example, to investigate the relationship between alcoholism and violence, one must consider the dependent and independent variables associated with this particular research.
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- Opines that strict methodology has a positive impact upon the results that are obtained.
- Opines that scientific methodology helps to organize thoughts and procedures in an effective way, which in turn allows the scientist to be positive towards the results that they obtain.
- Concludes that there is a considerable difference between science and other types of knowledge. the differences can be analyzed using differences in characteristics and the very aspects of the two bodies.
- Explains that since a valid difference in methodology and idea existed, the notion that the difference between science and other types of knowledge is true.
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- Analyzes how winner addresses woolgar's article in order to present an example of how the social constructivist model seeks to sidestep questions that require moral and political argument.
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- Analyzes nick clayton's article exploring the efficacy of pinch and bijker’s theory of social constructivism.
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- Analyzes how trevor pinch and weibe bijker introduced the theory of the social construction of technology.
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- Analyzes how kallinikos argues that social constructivism has reached a state of domination that it has begun to merge paradigms.
- Cites mackenzie, wajcman, pinch, and bijker, who authored the social construction of facts and artifacts: how science and technology might benefit each other.
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