To examine how the socio-economic status of the Malays corresponds to their political marginalisation, we must first establish that they are indeed politically marginalised. Political marginalisation can be taken to mean low political interest and low political trust, “indicating a feeling of distance to the political sphere of society” (Oskarson, 2010, p.7), and it is intrinsically linked to the theoretical concept of political efficacy, that is, an individual’s feelings of their own potential influence on politics, as well as their faith and trust in the government. (Southwell, 1985, Craig, 1990). There are varying views of the political marginalisation of the Malays between politicians and historians.
2.1.1 Politicians
The most representative sources presenting the official view of the marginalisation of the Malays came from the ruling elite. Indeed, the controversial issue of Malay marginality has been widely debated over the years, In the 1970s, the Majlis Pusat, or Central Council of Malay Cultural Organisations, organised a national seminar on “Malay Participation in the National Development”, which they deemed a “national problem” (Sharom & Wong, 1971, p.1), indicating that the Malays had a lack of interest in national and political issues. We see that the government needed to treat the Malays differently in order to deal with this issue, and “was constantly reiterating its recognition of the ‘special position’ of Malays and its commitment to overcome this imbalance” (Suratman, 2004, p.3), and this confirms that the Malays were indeed marginal in society.
However, the government’s perception of the issue of Malay marginality changed drastically by the turn of the century. Referring to allegations of Malay marginalisa...
... middle of paper ...
...n of the Malays in relation to the government’s policies. Amongst them include Rahim’s book (1999), which highlights the failure of meritocracy in Singapore due to the government’s employment of the cultural deficit thesis, which “absolves the state from the responsibilities of implementing structural reforms and actively assisting the marginalised community with the aim of narrowing the socio-economic and educational disparity between the ethnic communities” (p.247).Once again, we see that government policies, which may be have been intended to improve the marginalised status of the Malays, have worsened their socio-economic marginality.
However, these sources have only detailed the socio-economic marginality of the Malays without showing how it affects their political marginalisation. I will be discussing this in greater detail in the discussion chapter.
Politics Review, 2(2), 14-15. Curtis, J., Fisher S., Lessard-Philips L. 2007.Proportional Representation and Disappearing Voters. British Social Attitudes: Perspectives on a changing society, ed. A. Park 119-25. London: Sage Publications, Ltd. Guinier, L. (1994)
In the book Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism written by Benedict Anderson the effects colonization had on Indonesia are reviewed. Decolonization of countries was induced by revolutions and the spread of nationalism after the 18th century. Independence was followed by state building based on the origin, power and function of nationalism felt in Indonesia (Anderson). Liberalism and Mar...
Prak, K, B, & Schuette, S. (2007). Gender and Women in politics in Cambodia. Henrich Boll
To understand American society fully, one must understand America’s political makeup. In order to do that, it is necessary to understand a person’s political opinions and how they came about. This is done by examining how political ideology and political socialization influence society and individuals within that society. Political ideology is the set of beliefs that shape the way someone views government action; it is the way that they think the government should act and react to certain situations. In the United States, the two main political ideologies are liberal and conservative. How American’s teach the tenets and goals of the political system is known as political socialization. This is typically done through parents, peers, school,
Will Kymlicka provides a basis for understanding the context of Myanmar in his description of multiculturalism. Multiculturalism is the political philosophy about response to diversity through group-differentiated rights, meaning that a state can adopt policies of multiculturalism that grant individuals and minority groups accommodations without “eroding core liberal-democratic values”. Kymlicka expresses that shared values can form a basis for unity, not just shared identity; however, Kymlicka does not elaborate but rather leaves possible solutions to future scholars. Multiculturalism requires definition of categorization of people to address the dynamics of majority/minority group relations.
Harold A. Crouch. 1985. Economic change social structure and political systems in Southeast Asia: Philippine development compared with the other Asian countries. Institute of southeast Asian studies
In the first article, written by Ien Ang, the main point of discussion is identity in diaspora in relationship with citizenship and national identity. The author, Ien Ang, came from a Pernanakan Chinese family in Indonesia. He not only went to school in the Netherlands, but also had resided in Australia in more than ten years. In the article he relates with how he struggled with the feeling of not having a concrete national identity. However, what Ien illustrates is how his identity has been transformed by diaspora. As the article enunciates, “It (diaspora) deconstructed dominant notions of identity, belonging, and citizenship” (Ang in Louie). Essentially, that the trad...
... Despite the negative effects that had brought bad impact to the country, it was also one of the things that have strengthened the country. It has provided an acceleration of development for the country. Conclusions References Works Cited http://prezi.com/ko92evamttlo/colonial-rule-and-impacts-in-sea/ http://www.marxist.com/malaysia-fifty-years-independence-part-one.htm http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20120320222600AAYZmN7 http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090908024038AAH5Qw
7th edition. London: Pearson Longman, ed. Garner, R., Ferdinand, P. and Lawson, S. (2009) Introduction to Politics. 2nd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Haskell, J. (n.d.). Racial Politics, Power, and Dominant Party Autocracy in Malaysia. Retrieved from http://sjir.stanford.edu/6.1.07_haskell.html
Janus Corporate Solutions. (2011). Introduction to Singapore’s political system. Guide me Singapore. Retrieved April 4, 2011 from http://www.guidemesingapore.com/relocation/introduction/singapores-political-system
...ss sensitive issues as her ideologies, and portrays them publicly in Sepet. Ultimately, Sepet made her won many international awards, as well as the Best Screenplay and Best Film awards in the 18th Malaysian Film Festival. Perhaps most important, as I stated at the beginning of this essay, her efforts in Sepet are not really appreciated by most of the Malaysian society, especially the Malay-Muslims regarding her approaches of ideology in portraying the unity of multiracialism and religions.
A socio-political issue can be viewed as any matter that touches on both the social and political aspects of a given society. In other words, it is how the political issues through various policies or laws affect the general social facets. Examples of socio-political issues that are evident in the American society today include immigration, health, and gun control among others. Perhaps the most prevalent of these socio-political issues is immigration, which has received much attention especially due to the current presidential race (Trump). The question remains whether immigrants without valid documents should be transported back to their home countries or be granted amnesty has been the source of differing ideologies. The media has not been spared of this spectacle as various medium outlets have been vigilant airing any up-to-the-minute occurrence related to immigration.
For many years, Philippine politics have been viewed as a political disappointment as a result of graft, corruption, political dynasties, political killings and election anomalies. On the other hand, politicians are not by any stretch of the imagination to render public services but to learn fast and gain a self-advantage. This is exactly why it is particularly worth making all the required capital interests in looking for an elective position that is why governmental issues in the Philippine is an exceptionally productive speculation. This essay will explain why Philippine politics today is characterized by anomalies and controversies that result to high percentage
Wee, L. (2010). ‘Burdens’ and ‘handicaps’ in Singapore’s language policy: on the limits of language management, Language Policy (9), 97-114