Satire can be defined as the use of trenchant wit, ridicule and humour in order to expose and discredit the folly and vice of an individual, or society, in the hope that they will overcome their shortcomings. Throughout Aldous Huxley’s and Michael Moore’s respective texts, Brave New World (1932) and Bowling for Columbine, (2002), the author/composers build the foundations of their texts with constant satire, in an attempt to present their criticism or thought to their contextual issues. Huxley, in his dystopian vision of a cold, bleak future, utilises juxtaposition and irony to delve deeper into the detrimental consequences that may follow, should technology no longer serve humans, but instead begin to master them. Similarly, Moore looks to
In Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, truth and happiness are falsely engineered to create a perfect society; the belief of the World Controllers that stability is the the key to a utopian society actually led to the creation of an anti-utopian society in which loose morals and artificial happiness exist. Huxley uses symbolism, metaphors, and imagery to satirize the possibiliy of an artificial society in the future as well as the “brave new world” itself.
Harris, Robert. "The Purpose and Method of Satire." VirtualSalt 20 Aug. 1990. 13 April 2001. <http://www.virtualSalt.com/satire.htm>
While the tone may range from playful to angry, satire generally criticizes in order to make a change. Exaggeration, parody, reversal, and incongruity are satirical devices. Author’s use satirical devices to strengthen their central idea.
Satirical writing allows the author to express his or her opinion about a problem in society. A writing must follow three rules in order for it to be classified as satirical. First, a continuous focus on one’s subject’s faults. Secondly, instead of telling the reader directly, information must be given indirectly. Thirdly, the writing must have a variety of satirical techniques in general (Festa). With these simple guidelines, an author can demonstrate his beliefs of what he thinks needs to be changed in society.
The films Young Frankenstein and One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest can be viewed as a critical analysis of society’s issues and dysfunctions in the form of satire and parody using humor. While Young Frankenstein, Mel Brooks cinematic version of the gothic novel, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, uses parody in the form of Horatian satire, which is achieved through gentle ridicule and using a tone that is indulgent, tolerant, amused and witty. The film One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest, the adaptation of the Ken Kesey novel, uses a form of satire called Juvenalian satire which is demonstrated in the form of attacks on vice and error with contempt and indignation. Horatian satire will produce a humor response from the reader instead of anger or indignation as Juvenalian satire. Juvenalian satire, in its realism and its harshness, is in strong contrast to Horatian satire (Kent and Drury).
Thoughtful laughter is a technique used frequently in satirical pieces in literature. It allows for the audience to enjoy the wittiness of a work, later ponder on the meaning, and then apply the message to reality. Thoughtful laughter is often an inner experience that can only be achieved by authors who write meticulously. Two examples of satirical works in literature that display this concept explicitly are Voltaire’s Candide and C.S. Lewis’ The Screwtape Letters. Both authors explore the depths of satire and simultaneously deliver an important message to readers through skillful technique.
Contemporary society is blinded by new and improved technologies only created for the increase of apathy. Neil Postman has declared that the novel, Brave New World, can be used to connote our society is slowly changing into that dystopia. Aldous Huxley, the author of this piece, conveys his idea that what we love oppresses us, and will ultimately be our downfall. In George Orwell´s novel, 1984, he states that what we fear and hate will be our downfall. In my view, what we love has more of a grasp over us than what we hate. We keep what we love around us at all times, opposed to staying away from our fears. I agree with Huxley, and also with Postman´s interpretation.
Primarily used in satire is the literary device, irony, which is often displayed in both Swift’s essay and Voltaire’s novella; it is used to convey the duplicity of certain ...
Brown, Earl B., Jr. "Kosinski's Modern Proposal: The Problem of Satire in the Mid-Twentieth Century." Ebscohost. N.p., 1980. Web. Mar.-Apr. 2014.
Although Neil Postman’s foreword from the nonfiction book, Amusing Ourselves to Death, appears to only compare and contrast the beliefs of authors Aldous Huxley and George Orwell, the true purpose of the foreword is to convince readers that Huxley’s belief in a carefree, jovial world is the world that should be truly feared.
In the 2002 documentary, Bowling for Columbine, produced and directed by Michael Moore, an American filmmaker, it focuses on the 1999 Columbine High School massacre in Colorado and how two high school boys were able to obtain guns and shoot out their school, killing a teacher and 13 students, before committing suicide. The film uses this event to show America’s history with guns and gives an insight about the past, present and future of America. Michael Moore delivers this film by answering his own questions, such as how the increase rate of guns and homicides in America relate to one another, and why America has the largest number in crime than other countries. Using his fame as an advantage, Moore sets out on his journey to answer his questions
When Steinbeck turns to describe the inhabitants of Cannery Row he describes them with the same zoologist eye and sees them in a tide pool with the same seductions, appetites and survival instincts.
Merriam Webster’s definition of satire is a type of literary work used to ridicule human vices and follies. This type of work is presented in Aldous Huxley’s, Brave New World, when criticizing the power and control of the World State through the use of advanced technology towards the members of the World State. Throughout the novel the World State is portrayed as a totalitarian government controlling every aspect of its citizens lives. This controlling is made possible through all the advanced technology available within the World State. Set hundreds of years after Henry Ford, the renowned auto maker, the government’s technology is highly advanced, a folly Huxley is trying to expose in order to prevent a technological takeover in the life of people in the real world. Conditioning is one technological method used by the government in order to establish individuals to participate in a variety of tasks. Also entertainment is another factor used by theWorld State to keep power. Censorship is also illustrated in the novel presenting the governments ability to control, what is released in the World State.
Satire is defined as “the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people’s stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues” (Oxford). The best satirical writers can make the readers believe that an idea is “logical and practical.” This is seen in great abundance in Aldous Huxley’s novel, Brave New World. Through his writing, Huxley uses satire to effectively point out the flaws of society at the time. Even though Brave New World was written in 1931, the satirical points Huxley makes are still relevant in today’s world.
Though each of the above works varies in the degree of satire employed, the pattern among them accentuates how satire can best be understood not only as a lens of criticism, but also in captivating the audience into considering their own role in the criticism. Often times, as has been shown, the authors’ utilize the end-states of protagonists to emphasize critique made throughout the literary work. Yet, the degree of ambiguity serves to engage the audience, which leads to a greater effectiveness of the satire. Therefore, returning to Swift’s quote on satire, the most effective satires not only allow for beholders to discover everybody else’s face, but through degrees of ambiguity, they also are able to discover their own.