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Female Gothic in Jane Eyre
Economic impact during the industrial revolution
Goblin market under critical lens
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Marxism is a materialist philosophy, a view that attempts to explain the effects of capitalism, the struggles between the oppressed and the oppressors and social class. Despite Rossetti’s poem often being claimed to be a sexually explosive piece that has its main focus on his the male figures dominate the female characters, my main focus is on its relations to the capitalist economy during the Industrial Revolution. Rossetti’s poem was written at a time where there was a rise of the industrial revolution and her being a writer surrounded by Gothic literature and influenced by Romanticism, her anxieties are reflected within Goblin Market. From the title, there is a contradiction in which the two words used in the title come together to create …show more content…
Her focus seems to be on the adverse effects on consumerism in particular when she describes Laura’s temptation and ‘poisoning’. In this society that reflects Rossetti’s own, money is representative of power and without it, you are weak therefore Laura is weak and is representative of the proletariat as she has ‘no copper…no silver’ for the fruit and is outside the middle class system, the greed that stemmed from the succumbing to the goblins cry is emphasized ‘she suck’d suck’d and suck’d the more….she suck’d until her lips were sore’ - suck'd is repeated to lay emphasis on the greed that consumed her. Rossetti’s emphasis on this can be linked to the epic poem ‘Inferno’ by Dante Alighieri in which greed and gluttony is the fourth circle of hell. This greed involved ‘perverting their human intellect to fraud or malice against their fellowmen.’ And was one of the effects of the industrial revolution in which everyone desperately ‘wanted it all’ despite not needing it all. As an Anglican Eucharist, the greed would be uncomfortable to …show more content…
This irregularity reflects Rossetti’s uncertainty about her situation. It gives us an insight into the particular time Rossetti wrote the poem because it being loose creates the idea that she is writing in a period of ambiguity where she is experiencing things that she is unsure about. She says in the third stanza of her poem – “Who knows upon what soil fed their hungry thirsty roots?” – Which also suggests that Rossetti sees beyond the charms of the capitalist market through to the negative effects that it would have. It reflects her anxieties towards the rising revolution. As a pre-Raphaelite, the genre of her poem is also unclear as it crosses the line between fairy tale and gothic literature which could also reflect the disorder in her feelings towards the rising
The short epic poem the Goblin Market by Christina Rossetti resembles a fairytale because of the goblins and the happy ending of the united sisters, however the metaphors and allegory of fruit is ambiguous for different interpretations of drugs, sexual pleasures, temptation to sin, etc. The poem is broken into four major sections- temptation, fall, redemption, and restoration. Many people had mixed feelings toward the poem; some were even shocked of the Goblin Market because of how dark it is since Rossetti is usually linked to children novels and nurseries. The target audiences is not children but adolescents, as this poem is a merely a stage to warn young women about temptation and desires.
In order to understand Hay’s article, it is important to have a basic understanding of the fundamentals of Marxism – this will provide the necessary context to identify and understand the Marxist perspective in the article. Marxism is a political philosophy which focuses on social class and conflict as one of its main ideas. This is where one political class (the
“The need of a constantly expanding market for its products (.) chases the bourgeois over the whole surface of the globe” (Marx, 212) and creates a world that cannot exist without the separation of workers and owners and competition for the lowest price. The struggle between the bourgeois and the proletariat begins when the labor of the worker becomes worth less than the product itself. Marx proposes that our social environment changes our human nature. For example, capitalism separates us from the bourgeois and proletariat because it alienates us from our true human nature, our species being, and other men.
One of the strongest emotions inherent in us as humans is desire. The majority of the time, we are unable to control what we crave; however, with practice, we learn not all things we want are necessary. As a result of this mature understanding, we are able to ease our feelings and sometimes even suppress our desires. Something even more mature is understanding that when we give in to our desires, we become vulnerable. In a harsh, brutal world, vulnerability will not work to our advantage. In Christina Rossetti’s “Goblin Market,” she writes about a sister who succumbs to her desire and pays dearly for it while the other sister resists her desires and receives the ultimate reward of her sister’s life. By creating such a spectacular tale, Rossetti stresses the importance of being in touch with one’s desires and being able to prevail over their strong hold because in the harsh world we live in, we cannot afford to let our desire get the best of us.
What is unusual about Pastan?s poem is the way she effectively conveys these sentiments by the
...ncited capitalism. In Capital, when writing about individuals who exploit the working class and about the case studies of workers who have endured such exploitation, Marx humanizes these individuals by giving them specific characteristics. When describing the differences between exploitative capitalists and the exploited worker, he writes, “He who was previously the money-owner now strides out in front as a capitalist; the possessor of labour-power follows as his worker. The one smirks self-importantly and is intent on business; the other is timid and holds back, like someone who has brought his own hide to market and now has nothing else to expect but – a tanning” (Capital, 280). Therefore, while Marx does view history in terms of classes and processes, instead of as a collection of specific lines, he gives specific human traits to the individuals in his scenarios.
Christina Rossetti was a pivotal key in the foundations of the Pre-Raphaelite movement, which can be seen, throughout her poetry. Rossetti, as a follower of the Pre-Raphaelite’s, endorsed ideas of unrequited love, acceptance of human mortality and redemption. These ideals both endorsed and challenged the Victorian morals of her era as Victorian morality was focused on repression, class structures, and religion often conflicting with the sexual desire and questioning nature of Rossetti’s poems. The poem Echo is a reflection of Rossetti’s view on the romance and grief in her life through her unwavering faith in religion that will reunite her with her love. Through her desire of a recreation of love in the poem, it is both accepted and challenged through her religious beliefs as the purity of distance in
Marxism is a method of analysis based around the concepts developed by the two German philosophers Karl Marx and Fredrich Engel, centered around the complexities of social-relations and a class-based society. Together, they collaborated their theories to produce such works as The German Ideology (1846) and The Communist Manifesto (1848), and developed the terms ‘’proletariat’ and ’bourgeois’ to describe the working-class and the wealthy, segmenting the difference between their respective social classes. As a result of the apparent differences, Marxism states that proletariats and bourgeoisie are in constant class struggle, working against each other to amount in a gain for themselves.
The speaker begins the poem an ethereal tone masking the violent nature of her subject matter. The poem is set in the Elysian Fields, a paradise where the souls of the heroic and virtuous were sent (cite). Through her use of the words “dreamed”, “sweet women”, “blossoms” and
The capitalist is motivated by being rewarded wealth. Capital can only multiply by giving itself in return of labor power. This exchange is based on specified percentages. For example, after a long 12 hours of weaving the worker is only compensated two shillings. They attain residual wealth by taking advantage of workers. These workers are being compensated less than the value of their work. The workers endure great deals of exploitation. Workers put their labor power into effect to acquire means of survival which makes existence possible. The amount of commodities is based on the cost of life and the workers’ work ethic. Marx foreseen that class conflict between the bourgeoisie and proletariat would result in the collapsing of capitalism. The motivations of the capitalist and the workers create conflict because the capitalist attempt to uphold capitalism by advocating their principles, beliefs, and fabricated perceptions that prevent proletariats from rebelling. Once the two classes conflict with one another the cla...
Romantic literature, as Kathy Prendergast further claims, highlighted things like splendor, greatness, vividness, expressiveness, intense feelings of passion, and stunning beauty. The Romantic literary genre favored “parts” over “whole” and “content” over “form”. The writer argues that though both the Romantic literary genre and the Gothic art mode were medieval in nature, they came to clash with what was called classical conventions. That’s why, preoccupations with such things as the supernatural, the awful, the dreadful, the repulsive and the grotesque were the exclusive focus of the nineteenth century Gothic novel. While some critics perceived the Gothic as a sub-genre of Romanticism, some others saw it as a genre in its own right (Prendergast).
The thought-provoking song “Wings” is an excellent introduction to Marx’s theory of commodity fetishism. Commodity fetishism is the process of attributing phantom “magic-like” qualities to an object, whereby the human labour required to make that object is lost once the object is associated with a monetary value for exchange.
Karl Marx once stated, “The workers have nothing to lose but their chains.” Leo Tolstoy’s The Death of Ivan Ilyich focuses on the middle class struggles in Russia during the 1800s and how materialism has negative impacts on people in society. Tolstoy uses the novella to demonstrate how Russian society was imperfect in the 1800s and Tolstoy portrayed ideals similar to Marxism in the book. Marxism is the ideology that everyone should be equal in regards to class, education, economics and politics. Marxism was created by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels during the 1840s. Their ideology was to establish a classless society where property and resources are owned by the community and not the individuals themselves. Tolstoy used the novella to contrast his ideals of a classless society and anti-materialism to show how negative the caste system and the materialistic lifestyle of the Russian middle class was.
Karl Marx, in the Capital, developed his critique of capitalism by analyzing its characteristics and its development throughout history. The critique contains Marx’s most developed economic analysis and philosophical insight. Although it was written in 1850s, its values still serve an important purpose in the globalized world and maintains extremely relevant in the twenty-first century.
In the 1830s, as the capitalist system had established and consolidated in Europe, the drawbacks of the capitalist society appeared, and the class contradictions also sharpened day by day. The capitalist mode of production "has left no other nexus between man and man than naked self-interest, than calloused `cash payment'. It has drowned out the most heavenly ecstasies of religious fervor, of chivalrous enthusiasm, of philistine sentimentalism, in the icy water of egotistical calculation. It has resolved personal worth into exchange value, and in place of the numberless indefeasible chartered freedoms, has set up that single, unconscionable freedom --- Free Trade. In one word, for exploitation, veiled by religious and political illusions, it has substituted naked, shameless, direct, brutal exploitation."(Marx, Engels 1972: 253). Additionally, the development of natural science and the victory in objecting to the religion and idealism struggle of materialism impelled the writers to break the traditional concept and illusion, and to watch the world and research the social realistic problems with the relatively objective even scientific eyes, so that Realism replaced Romanism to become the principal school of European literary circles. Since at that time the realistic literature was good at ferreting out to capitalist society and criticism, Maxim Gorky called it as "the criticized realism"(Gorky 1978: 110-111).