Rhetorical Devices In Letter From Birmingham Jail

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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s "Letter from Birmingham Jail" answers a newspaper article written by a group of clergymen, who were against the demonstrations conducted by King and his associates. In the letter, Dr. King addresses the men directly, and details his reasoning behind why the demonstrations occurred in the first place; how the racial injustice in Birmingham before April 16th, 1963, when he wrote it, proves it was not "unwise and untimely" as the clergymen claimed in the article. Throughout the letter, Dr. King utilizes various agents to justify his actions. To develop his argument that his activities are not "unwise and untimely", King uses various rhetorical devices and appeals. At the beginning of his letter, Dr. King appeals to …show more content…

King uses allusions to Christianity and metaphors about the state of democracy in order to reinforce his claim that his actions are not "unwise and untimely" to his audience. In paragraph twenty-six, King alludes to Christianity and how the accomplishments of it are because of the effort of those who wished to achieve them, not simply a byproduct of time. He states, "It comes through the tireless efforts of men willing to be co-workers with God, and without this hard work, time itself becomes an ally of the forces of social stagnation." Here, King uses the efforts of men willing to work with God, and willing to be the force of social change, as a comparison to the struggle for freedom he is aiding in. King employs strong language and phrasing to evoke his audience's emotions and persuade the clergymen to understand his cause. This emotional appeal continues throughout the paragraph, where at the end King uses metaphor to further persuade the audience, "Now is the time to make real the promise of democracy and transform our pending national elegy into a creative psalm of brotherhood." This comparison of the state of democracy in our country to two forms of poetic verse, elegy and psalm, two emotionally tied styles, further appeals to King's audience's emotions. An elegy, often used at funerals, King uses to highlight the necessity for reflection in the nation, and how without this, the democracy and liberty promised won't be achievable. This dramatic comparison of the struggle for civil rights further reinforces Dr. King's claim that his direct action was not "untimely", and through alluding to Christian efforts for change that symbolize his own, he is able to appeal to his audience, the clergymen, more directly through their

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