Recovery from Spinal Cord Injuries
comparative Essay
1521 words
On July 12th 2005, Heather Tice’s life changed forever. Heather was in the passenger seat of a car driving down a steep hill with her seatbelt unbuckled. The next thing she knew she was laying on the ground, covered in blood, unable to feel her own legs. Heather would later find out that she had received an injury to the C7 section of her spinal cord, which is located in the neck. Heather’s injury was incomplete, so despite the height of the injury she retains the use of her upper body (Car accident causes). Every year approximately 12,000 people are newly affected by spinal cord injuries, and approximately 229,000 are living with an existing spinal cord injury (Spinal cord injury). Spinal cord injuries are a complex type of injury that is difficult to treat, but there are several methods through which physical therapy and technology can help patients with a spinal cord injury. A spinal cord injury refers to any traumatic injury to the nervous tissue that runs throughout the spine. Spinal cord injuries can be in one of two basic types, incomplete, or complete (A brief overview). In a complete spinal cord injury there is a total loss of function in everything below the area of the injury. In an incomplete spinal cord injury the patient retains some function. In some cases, with a minor injury the patient may even suffer no loss of function at all. Other effects of spinal cord injuries include lack of ability to regulate automatic bodily functions, such as body temperature and blood pressure, muscular and bone degradation, and kidney stones (A brief overview). Muscular and bone degeneration is something that also occurs in people who spend long periods of time in a low or null gravity environment, such as astronauts, and for muc... ... middle of paper ... ...July 2010. Web. 18 Jan. 2012. . Lam, Tania. Et al. "Using Robot-Applied Resistance to Augment Body-Weight--Supported Treadmill Training in an Individual With Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury." Physical Therapy 91.1 (2011): 143-51. Print. Shute, Nancy. "Spinal Implant Spurs Motion In Paralyzed Man : NPR." NPR : National Public Radio : News & Analysis, World, US, Music & Arts : NPR. 20 May 2011. Web. 18 Jan. 2012. . "Spinal Cord Injury Facts." Foundation for Spinal Cord Injury Prevention, Care & Cure. June 2009. Web. 20 Jan. 2012. . Valent, Linda J.M. Et al. "Effects of Hand Cycle Training on Physical Capacity in Individuals With Tetraplegia: A Clinical Trial." Physical Therapy 89.10 (2009): 1051-060. Print.
In this essay, the author
- Narrates how heather tice's life changed forever when she was in the passenger seat of a car with her seatbelt unbuckled. she was covered in blood and unable to feel her own legs.
- Explains that spinal cord injuries are a complex type of injury that is difficult to treat, but physical therapy and technology can help patients.
- Explains that spinal cord injuries are traumatic injuries to the nervous tissue that runs throughout the spine. they can be incomplete or complete.
- Narrates how heather tice's life changed forever when she was in the passenger seat of a car with her seatbelt unbuckled. she was covered in blood and unable to feel her own legs.
- Explains that spinal cord injuries are a complex type of injury that is difficult to treat, but physical therapy and technology can help patients.
- Explains that spinal cord injuries are traumatic injuries to the nervous tissue that runs throughout the spine. they can be incomplete or complete.
- Explains that muscle and bone degeneration occurs in people who spend long periods of time in a low or null gravity environment, such as astronauts, and for much the same reason.
- Explains that spinal cord injuries are incurable because central nervous tissue has a very low ability to regenerate. there are methods to treat the effects, depending on the severity of the injury.
- Describes a variation of body-weight-supported treadmill training (bwstt) to treat an incomplete spinal cord injury.
- Recommends training spinal cord injury patients in the use of a hand cycle, which is designed so that the user peddles with their hands rather than their feet.
- Explains that although spinal cord injuries cannot be healed by the body's natural regenerative abilities, some technologies are being developed to allow patients to regain control of paralyzed areas of their body.
- Explains that rob summers had to regularly preform bwstt for two years prior to the electrodes being implanted. the disadvantage of this method is that the patient only regains control of the paralyzed areas of their body.
- Explains that stem cells can be transformed into a variety of different specialized cells, such as those that make up brain matter, heart tissue, and nervous tissue.
- Explains that geron pharmaceuticals performed an experiment on spinal cord injury patients with complete loss of function to test the safety of the treatment on humans.
- Concludes that even in the case of spinal cord injuries, physical therapy and technology can help. spinal cord damage is a problem that many people have reason to support research of.
- Cites advanced stem cell treatments in china's "a brief overview of spinal cord injury."
- Explains lam, tania, and lam's use of robot-applied resistance to augment body-weight--supported treadmill training in an individual with incomplete spinal cord injury.
- Cites shute, nancy, "spinal implant spurs motion in paralyzed man : npr."
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In this essay, the author
- Explains that spinal cord injuries can range from minor, meaning the injured will recover, to severe injuries that can cause significant damage to someone’s body and self-esteem.
- Explains that spinal cord injury symptoms can range from minor to severe and sometimes can even result in death.
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- Explains that spinal cord injuries can range from minor, meaning the injured will recover, to severe injuries that can cause significant damage to someone’s body and self-esteem.
- Explains that spinal cord injury symptoms can range from minor to severe and sometimes can even result in death.
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- Explains that physical therapy has evolved as a medical practice and an area of study. according to the bureau of labor statistics, there were 204,200 physical therapists employed throughout the united states of america.
- Explains that physical therapy became a needed occupation when the polio epidemic occurred in the united states in 1916. the occupation continued to grow as world war ii came and passed.
- Explains that physical therapists have a long strenuous list of duties, including working with patients with limited use of their bodies due to injury or disability and improving mobility while reducing pain.
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- Explains that the spinal cord is the final common pathway from the brain to the muscles.
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- Explains that symptoms of spinal cord damage appear immediately after the injury that causes them.
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In this essay, the author
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In this essay, the author
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- Explains that the randomized trial was conducted in a geriatric hospital with the use of computerized gaming system to determine the level of improvement in patients' balance.
- Explains that there were no significant differences in testing scores between the experimental and control groups, considering their dissimilarities at baseline.
- Explains that each group performed further testing to determine the between-group effect on change scores. the experimental group showed higher level of improvements in the berg balance scale, loss of balance counts, and activities specific balance confidence.
- Explains that the randomized trial was conducted in a geriatric hospital with the use of computerized gaming system to determine the level of improvement in patients' balance.
- Explains the importance of balance and mobility, and how it can be improved by using a computer game to make therapy fun and interesting.
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- Explains that despite years of research, the precise cause of als is still not known. mutations in the gene that produces the superoxide dismutase enzyme were associated with some cases.
- Explains that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als) affects very few people, compared to cancer or heart disease. it is responsible for about 2 deaths of every 100,000 people.
- Explains that als is one of the most common neuromuscular diseases around the world, and people of all races and ethnic backgrounds are affected.
- Explains that despite years of research, the precise cause of als is still not known. mutations in the gene that produces the superoxide dismutase enzyme were associated with some cases.
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1047 wordsRead More - Mollyexplanatory essayA spinal cord injury, better known in the medical field as an SCI, is when damage occurs to any part of the spinal cord or to the nerves at the end of the cord. SCIs often coincide with permanent deficits in strength, sensation, and function below the level of the injury (Mayo Clinic Staff). Between traumatic and non-traumatic SCIs, there are quite a few ways this type of injury can occur including motor vehicle accidents, cancer, or falling. Along with different causes, a spinal cord injury can be categorized using classification of injury, level of injury, and the extent of severity of the injury, which are all extremely important for making a treatment plan and providing the patient with an idea of what their recovery might look like (Winter & Pattani, 2011).
In this essay, the author
- Explains that 2.5 million people live with the burden of a spinal cord injury, and that research has come along way.
- Explains that a spinal cord injury, or sci, occurs when damage occurs to any part or nerves at the end of the cord.
- Explains that spinal cord injury level classification determines the extent of neurological deficit, and a c5 injury indicates the patient has feeling and/or movement above the level of the fifth cervical vertebrae.
- Explains that 2.5 million people live with the burden of a spinal cord injury, and that research has come along way.
- Explains that a spinal cord injury, or sci, occurs when damage occurs to any part or nerves at the end of the cord.
- Explains that spinal cord injury level classification determines the extent of neurological deficit, and a c5 injury indicates the patient has feeling and/or movement above the level of the fifth cervical vertebrae.
- Explains the severity of scis by using the asia impairment scale, which ranges from a-e.
- Explains that most recovery from spinal cord injury takes place in the first six months, but one may continue to regain function and/or sensation several years later.
- Explains that secondary injury is a direct effect of the primary injury, but it is combatable because it occurs while the patient is under medical supervision.
- Explains that secondary injury can be minimized through surgical decompression of the spinal cord or by stabilizing the vertebrae. these interventions have posed their own threats and consequences, but have shown vast improvements in the recovery of function.
- Explains that methylprednisolone is a pharmacological secondary injury intervention used widely across the sci spectrum.
- Explains that patients with severe spinal cord injuries spend time in a rehab hospital, where they receive intensive care accompanied by at least three hours of therapy every day.
- Explains that physical therapy interventions depend on the level and severity of the injury. for patients with a complete injury, the goal is to restore passive range of motion to avoid muscle shortening.
- Explains that patients with chronic scis can benefit from gait training without expensive equipment years after the injury occurred.
- Explains that occupational therapy is important for incomplete scis because it takes a toll on fine motor control needed in one's hands for normal functioning.
- Describes how the artificial organs conducted a study to observe the effects of functional electrical stimulation on grasping in people with incomplete scis.
- Explains that fes therapy improved independence, improving overall quality of life compared to traditional therapy for individuals suffering from an sci.
- Opines that recent research has focused more on the pharmacological aspect of improving individuals with spinal cord injury's quality of life.
- Explains that spinal cord injury research has many trials and tribulations, increasing the difficulty of advancement. one of the biggest barriers associated with complex research is money.
- Opines that the future of spinal cord injury research has a lot of room for growth, given the necessary resources.
- Explains that an article on experimental neurology in elsevier provides another look into the future of spinal cord injury research.
1968 wordsRead More - Spinal Cord Injury Case Studyexplanatory essayRegular exercise program is known to be beneficial for people with SCI. Exercise program designed for SCI patients is somewhat similar to the program for stroke survivors. However, it should be noted that the concerns for each condition are different, so there must be focus on specific requirements for the individual. Stroke survivors’ disability depends on the area of the brain that is damaged, whereas the disability of individuals with SCI depends on the damage in their spine. Therefore, detailed assessment of the spinal lesion must be carried out before designing exercise program for a person with SCI (Jacobs & Nash, 2004). An exercise program that combines mobility activities, aerobic resistance, strength, coordination, recreation, and relaxation can improve their functionality and fitness (Durán, Lugo, Ramírez & Lic, 2001). The individual should have 3 sessions per week with the total of 120 minutes (Durán, Lugo, Ramírez & Lic, 2001). The duration of each session can be shorter at first and increased over time to avoid injury and overwhelming stress for the patients. Some very common modalities of exercise for this group include arm crank ergometry and swimming. This is because SCI often causes paralysis and weakness in the lower limbs, which makes sense to place more focus on the upper extremity exercise modes in order to achieve the desired fitness level (Nash,
In this essay, the author
- Explains that stroke and spinal cord injuries have detrimental effects on the body function. rehabilitation therapy starts at an early stage to enable patients to adapt to their new conditions and maximise their life.
- Explains that stroke has become one of the major causes of death and lifelong disability in adults. the prevalence of stroke is increasing faster than ever before, but its mortality rate has decreased over time.
- Explains the four major modes of exercise that are often used for stroke survivors: aerobic, strength, flexibility, and neuromuscular.
- Explains that stroke and spinal cord injuries have detrimental effects on the body function. rehabilitation therapy starts at an early stage to enable patients to adapt to their new conditions and maximise their life.
- Explains that stroke has become one of the major causes of death and lifelong disability in adults. the prevalence of stroke is increasing faster than ever before, but its mortality rate has decreased over time.
- Explains the four major modes of exercise that are often used for stroke survivors: aerobic, strength, flexibility, and neuromuscular.
- Explains that regular exercise programs are beneficial for people with spinal cord injury (sci), but the concerns for each condition are different, so there must be focus on specific requirements.
710 wordsRead More - Genetic Technology: Stem Cell Researchexplanatory essayWikipedia. 2009 (updated 9 December 2009), ‘Spinal Cord Injury’, Wikipedia . Retrieved 28 December 2009 from
In this essay, the author
- Explains that genetic engineering and stem cell research were pivotal points in medicine history as they revolutionized and changed the techniques we use to handle various diseases. both have numerous advantages, but how much help will they provide?
- Explains that millions of people suffer and are living with spinal cord injuries, whether they were from work, sports, or falls.
- Describes stem cell transplant as a potential treatment to lessen paralysis and regenerate nerve fibers since nerve cells are not replaced when damaged.
- Explains that genetic engineering and stem cell research were pivotal points in medicine history as they revolutionized and changed the techniques we use to handle various diseases. both have numerous advantages, but how much help will they provide?
- Explains that millions of people suffer and are living with spinal cord injuries, whether they were from work, sports, or falls.
- Describes stem cell transplant as a potential treatment to lessen paralysis and regenerate nerve fibers since nerve cells are not replaced when damaged.
- Explains that stem cell research will establish a turning point in medicine history and the way diseases are dealt with.
- Explains that stem cell research has disadvantages, such as not knowing if it will cure a spinal cord injury, or not being tissue compatible with the patient's.
- Analyzes the controversy surrounding stem cell research, stating that it is still under experimentation, which limits the possibilities of treating spinal cord injury.
- Explains that treating spinal cord injury using stem cells requires huge amounts of money and lots of funding. since it is still experimental, there has to be beneficiaries who are willing to take the risk and fund this project.
- Opines that whether stem cell research was able to treat & cure the spinal cord injury, there will continue to be a controversy, followed by debate, argument, and differing opinions regarding it.
- Cites deem, r. 2009, ‘what is wrong with embryonic stem cell research?’, god and science.
- Cites experiment-resources' 2008 article, ‘stem cell - pros and cons’, and pillai's article 'adventures and disadvantages of stem cell research'.
- Cites wikipedia's article 'stem cell treatments' (updated 24 december 2009).
1176 wordsRead More - Cerebrovascular Accident Case Studycomparative essayKeep in mind that there is still no single rehabilitation treatment confirmed that betters recovery, every patient is different (Pollock, 2004). Ideas suggests that task-specific training may result in improved and increased results (Pollock, 2004).
In this essay, the author
- Explains the two types of strokes: hemorrhagic and ischemic, which are caused by a blood clot impairing the blood flow to the brain.
- Explains that physical therapy has an important job in the management of stroke patients through assessments, education to the patient, and acute and long-term management treatments.
- Explains that physical therapy management in the acute phase focuses on mobilization for the prevention of secondary impairments, such as pressure ulcers and/or musculoskeletal problems.
- Explains the two types of strokes: hemorrhagic and ischemic, which are caused by a blood clot impairing the blood flow to the brain.
- Explains that physical therapy has an important job in the management of stroke patients through assessments, education to the patient, and acute and long-term management treatments.
- Explains that physical therapy management in the acute phase focuses on mobilization for the prevention of secondary impairments, such as pressure ulcers and/or musculoskeletal problems.
- Explains that gait training should be enforced in the acute setting as damage to a lower part of the brain, the cerebellum, can affect the body's ability to coordinate movement and may lead to problems with body posture, walking, and balance.
- Explains that paralysis is one of the most common disabilities resulting from stroke.
- Explains breathing exercises and treatment during the acute phase will also be helpful in order to prevent medical complications. if the patient is in acoma and cannot move, the physical therapist will reposition
- Recommends that balance assessments and exercises be included in stroke management in the acute setting to help the deficits and identify patients who are at high risk of falling.
- Explains that stroke patients may have hearing, speaking, and emotional deficits. they may also have depression, anxiety, fear, or anger.
- Recommends that all staff working with stroke patients should take a range of continuing education classes covering acute rehabilitation care and how to address patient and care needs.
- Explains that there is still no single rehabilitation treatment confirmed that betters recovery. task-specific training may result in improved and increased results.
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