Reaction Between Hydrochloric Acid and Sodium Thiosulphate
Introduction
I will be conducting two experiments to determine how two factors
affect the rate of reaction in the reaction between hydrochloric acid
and sodium thiosulphate. It is a precipitation experiment. The
equation allows us to see how this experiment will help us find how
rate of reaction changes
Sodium thiosulphate + Hydrochloric acid ---- Sodium chloride + Sulphur
+ Sulphur dioxide + Water
Na2S2O3 (aq) + 2HCl(aq) ---- 2NaCl(aq) + S(s) + SO2(g) + H2O(l)
The main factors that affect the rate of reaction of any experiment
are -Pressure. By reducing the volume in which the same amount of
particles exists the pressure is increased. Once the same number of
particles is in a smaller area there is less space in which to move
and so the particles are more likely to collide each other.
Using a catalyst is another method I could use. A catalyst is a
substance, which lowers the activation energy of a reaction without
being chemically altered.
Energy. By giving the particles extra energy, as heat, they will move
faster. This means that they cover more ground and are therefore more
likely to collide with each other which in turn makes the reaction
faster. (We have to take into consideration the face that not all
collisions are successful as they may not react with the amount of
energy required (activation energy)). The best way to give energy to a
reaction is heat.
Concentration. Just as increasing the pressure will increase the
number of particles colliding, so will the concentration. By putting
more particles into the reaction, the chance that they collide is
increased, thus increasing the rate of reaction.
Surface area. Particles can only collide when the two sorts can meet.
Therefore a reaction can only occur on the surface of a material.
Therefore by increasing the surface area (e.g. cutting the substances)
of the material, which is available to collide, the speed of the
reaction will increase.
In my experiment I will be investigating two factors, the
have either not stir the mixture or use a machine to stir it at the
Rate of reaction is the speed of reaction. In essays written by young scientists, they have used concentration as variable in their experiments; some have used a light sensor. connected to a data logger, to measure the amount of light passing. through the "cloudy" liquid. 1 moles = 6.02 1023 The particles in the hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulphate need to
The reason I believe this is that chemical reactions occur when particles of the reacting substances collide. Increasing the number of the particles increases the number of collisions per second and this increases the reaction rate. In the reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate you can increase the number of particles in two ways. The first of these is to increase the surface area of the calcium carbonate.
Investigating the Factors Influencing the Rate of Reaction Between Sodium Thiosulphate and Dilute Hydrochloric Acid
The activation energy is reduced so that there is a better chance of particles having enough energy to react. Reactants will need less. energy to react to. 2. What is the difference between a..
take about 30 minutes for the water to cool down 20ºC, which is why I
The Effect of Sodium Thiosulphate Solution on the Rate of its Reaction with Hydrochloric Acid
This meeting between the two particles can only take place on the surface area of the material. If the surface area of the material is increased, the particles gather more space to collide with each other with force. With a large surface area, the particles will have more area to work on so the collision probability will be high. A catalyst is a separate substance to the ones you use in your experiment and is used to speed up the reaction between the reactants.
from 10cm to 50cm to make it easier to see the difference in a graph.
If this does not occur then no chemical. reaction will take place. The reaction must also have enough energy. this can be affected by temperature, the more heat the particles have. the faster they move and so the more energy there is therefore more chance of successful in the collisions.
Chemical kinetics is the study and examination of chemical reactions regarding re-arrangement of atoms, reaction rates, effect of various variables, and more. Chemical reaction rates, are the rates of change in amounts or concentrations of either products or reactants. Concentration of solutions, surface area, catalysts, temperature and the nature of reactants are all factors that can influence a rate of reaction. Increasing the concentration of a solution allows the rate of reaction to increase because highly concentrated solutions have more molecules and as a result the molecules collide faster. Surface area also affects a
As the pressure drop increases in the column, it is observed that the degree of foaming becomes more violent and more spread out. When the pressure drop is relatively high, it means that the pressure exerted by the vapour is insufficient to hold up the liquid in the tray, causing the gas bubbles to appear on top of the sieve trays. To add on, the higher the pressure drop, the higher the velocity of the vapour passing up the column. As a result, more vapour will penetrate the liquid and more bubbles formation is observed. Due to more bubbles formation, the degree of foaming are more agitated, rapid and spread out.
Reactions occur when the particles of reactants collide together continuously. If they collide with sufficient energy, then they will react. The minimum amount of kinetic energy required for particles at the time of collision is called the activation energy and this theory is known as the ?collision theory?.
Collisions between reacting particles are therefore more likely to occur. All this can be understood better with a full understanding of the collision theory itself: For a reaction to occur particles have to collide with each other. Only a small percentage result in a reaction. This is due to the energy barrier that is overcoming.
The rate of reaction is how quickly or slowly reactants in chemical reactants turn into products. A low reaction rate is when the reaction takes a long time to take place; hence, a reaction that occurs quickly has a high reaction rate. A rate refers to how slow or quick the product is produced. It is possible to control the rate of chemical reactions and speed up or slow down the rate of chemical reactions by altering three main factors which are temperature, concentration and the surface area. When the temperature of the reactants increases, the molecules vibrate at a more intense speed therefore colliding with each other more frequently and with increased energy resulting in a greater rate of reaction. Accordingly, as the temperature decreases the molecules will move slower, colliding less frequently and with decreased energy resulting in the rate of reaction decreasing. Concentration is how much solute is dissolved into a solution and is also a factor that affects the rate of reaction. When the concentration is greater this means there is an increased amount of reactant atoms and molecules resulting in a higher chance that collisions between molecules will occur. A higher collision rate means a higher reaction rate. Consequently at lower concentrations there are reduced chances of the molecules colliding resulting in a lower reaction rate. The measurement of how much an area of a solid is exposed is called the surface area. The quicker a reaction will occur the more finely divided the solid is. For example, a powdered solid will usually have a greater rate of reaction in comparison to a solid lump that contains the same mass for it has a lower surface area than the powdered solid.