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Psychotic disorder
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Introduction
My patient was a 22 year old female with psychotic disorder. She arrived at Eastern State Hospital on January 22, 2014 after threatening to hang herself and someone named Raymond. She verbally stated that she hears voices in her head and that she often argues with them. She said there is a man under her bed that talks to her and in reality there is no one there. Upon meeting this patient she seemed very shy and withdrawn. She did not make eye contact or look up during the interview process. She spoke very quietly I often had to ask her to repeat herself. She stated that she liked to run to clear her head and that she missed her hat that a friend gave her. She reported to me that she had been in the hospital for over a week and in reality she had only been there for 24 hours. She was on suicide watch which included 15 minute checks. She could eat a regular diet and vitals where to be taken once every shift. In order to better understand psychotic disorders and the many different aspects of the disease one should look at the diagnosis, treatment, and medication that can help the patient live as well as possible.
Diagnosis
Psychotic disorders are classified by what symptoms the patient presents with some psychotic disorders are specific to one diagnosis such as with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and other have no specific symptoms("Psychotic Disorder," November 26,2013, para. 1-2). This patient presented with visual and auditory hallucinations. She also reported wanting to harm herself or someone else. Psychotic disorders affect the way a person feels and thinks about reality or an altered reality they do not see things or think about things in the sense a person without this disorder would.
Treatment
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... the best therapy for psychotic disorders any associated mental illness. With the right therapy and the right prescription medication a person can lead a somewhat normal life often times the patient will get well but can never be cured. It is important to look at each patient as a whole some psychotic disorders are brought on by brain tumors, head trauma, and other psychological trauma where a patient is unable to deal with the current situation ("Psychotic Disorder NOS," n.d., para. 3)
References
Basic Things You Need to Learn About Psychotic Disorders. (November 26, 2013). Retrieved from http://www.psychoticdisorder.org/
Mental Health Medications. (2008). Retrieved from http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/mental-health-medications/index.shtml#pub2
Psychotic Disorder NOS. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.psychoticdisorder.org/psychotic-disorder-nos/
In other words, the patient was sick because of his or her time in the institution. I find this interesting because without a more human telling of the story by Grob, it is hard to gauge if the psychosis of patients deteriorated in general with the length of stay in the institution and if because of this, did that impact the policies or methods of practice? I believe it would be similar to what they are finding now with the orphans of Romania in the 1980’s who were raised in institutions with only basic and minimal human contact and now are mostly homeless and unable to function in society or inmates in prison who have spent years behind bars and then are let go into the general population. History has proven that people struggle with trying to acclimate back into the general population. As a result of this by the 1980’s one-third of the homeless population in the United States were said to be seriously mentally ill. (PBS, "Timeline: Treatments for Mental
Long, Phillip W. M.D. “Schizophrenia: Youth’s Greatest Disabler.” British Columbia Schizophrenic Society. 8th edition. April 12, 2000. www.Mentalhealth.com.
According to the DSM-IV, schizophrenia is classified under the section of “Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders”. Schizophrenia is one of the most serious major chronic brain disorders in the field of mental health; it is a neurological disorder that affects the cognitive functions of the human brain. People living with this incapacitating illness can experience multiple symptoms that will cause extreme strain in their own and their families and friends life. The individual can lose reality, unable to work, have delusions and hallucinations, may have disorganized speech and thought processes, will withdraw from people and activities, they may become suspicious and paranoid, may behave inappropriately in every day social situations. They may neglect personal hygiene and dress improperly, use excessive make-up; every day life is becoming chaotic for everyone involved.
Having a foundation for treatment for those who suffer from schizophrenia is very important to recovery. Depending on what type of treatment and how it is used will determine an individual's progress. E. Fuller Torrey makes the argument that antipsychotic drugs are the most useful and effective way for recovery. Against this belief is Robert Whitaker who believes that society reacts too quickly by just giving medication. Alternative solutions, such as moral therapy, should be used in order to fully recover. So, are antipsychotic medications the treatment of choice for people with psychosis?
There are multiple criteria that come into play when determining a psychological disorder. One reason is because, it is hard to know for sure if an action is abnormal or not. Something could be abnormal in our country, but a custom in another.
Schizophrenia has three main subtypes. Paranoid schizophrenia is when the person believes someone is out to get them. Disorganized schizophrenia is people who do silly strange behaviors, inappropriate emotions, and have messed up speech patterns. They do a thing called a word salad, when they talk with bunches of words randomly thrown together. Catatonic schizophrenia is when the person gets in a position and stays in that exact position for a long time (like hours). This is very and the medication for it is good.
According the fourth edition diagnostic manual of mental disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 2000), the category psychotic disorders (Psychosis) include Schizophrenia, paranoid (Delusional), disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, residual type. Other clinical types include Schizoaffective Disorder, Bipolar Affective Disorder/Manic depression, mania, Psychotic depression, delusional (paranoid) disorders. These are mental disorders in which the thoughts, affective response or ability to recognize reality, and ability to communicate and relate to others are sufficiently impaired to interfere grossly with the capacity to deal with reality; the classical and general characteristics of psychosis are impaired reality testing, hallucinations, delusions, and illusions. Mostly, these are used as defining features of psychosis even if there are other psychotic symptoms that characterise these disorders (L. Bortolotti, 2009).
...ients that suffer severe symptoms. The most common treatment is a combination of medicine and therapy. Where the patient engages in individual psychotherapy with a therapist, rehabilitation, family education, or self help groups. These therapies usually help people cope with schizophrenia and its effects. At this time there is no cure for schizophrenia, there are very effective treatments and medications. Research is being conducted to help scientists understand the disorder better and is being used to try to treat schizophrenia permanently. The only way this is possible is with the use of new treatments, such as new experimental drugs and electrotherapy. No treatments today are preventative nor do they permanently “cure” schizophrenia, but we can look to the bright future for the development of a new treatment option that could potentially fully cure schizophrenia.
Culture has a huge influence on how people view and deal with psychological disorders. Being able to successfully treat someone for a mental illness has largely to do with what they view as normal in their own culture. In Western cultures we think that going to a counselor to talk about our emotions or our individual problems and/or getting some type of drug to help with our mental illness is the best way to overcome and treat it, but in other cultures that may not be the case. In particular Western and Asian cultures vary in the way they deal with psychological disorders. In this paper I am going to discuss how Asian cultures and Western cultures are similar and different in the way they view psychological disorders, the treatments and likelihood of getting treatment, culture bound disorders, and how to overcome the differences in the cultures for optimal treatments.
In a country based around free will, the United States contains a vast variety of personalities and behaviors. Plenty of people, probably more than we know, exert abnormal behavior. Abnormal behavior is patterns of emotion, thought, and action that are considered pathological. Historically, people blame witchcraft for this eccentric type of behavior and tended to perform exorcisms in hopes of abolishing such actions. Anxiety disorders and personality disorders, two forms of abnormal behavior, can alter a person’s personality as a result of life experiences.
BIBLIOGRAPHY Arasse, Daniel. Complete Guide to Mental Health. Allen Lane Press,New York, 1989. Gingerich, Susan. Coping With Schizophrenia. New Harbinger Publications, Inc. Oakland, 1994. Kass, Stephen. Schizophrenia: The Facts. Oxford University Press. New York, 1997. Muesen, Kim. “Schizophrenia”. Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia. Microsoft Corporation, 1998. Young, Patrick. The Encyclopedia od Health, Psychological Disorders and Their Treatment. Herrington Publications. New York, 1991.
...my L., & Woolf N. (2010). The Enigma of Schizophrenia. In L. Jewell (Ed.), Psychology: a framework for everyday thinking (pp. 479-483). Boston, MA: Pearson Education Inc.
Schizophrenia requires a lifetime of treatment through either medications and therapy, in many cases both is needed. Psychiatrist’s help patients survive through the disease. Another form to treat schizophrenia is through antipsychotic medications which are most commonly prescribed drugs to treat schizophrenia.
The mental illness of schizophrenia, is defined as a “severe psychological disorder characterized by highly disordered thought processes, referred to as psychotic because they are so far removed from reality” (King, 2011, p. 507). To those who have not experienced schizophrenia it might sound disturbing, but to those living with the disorder, it seems unimaginable. “The experience of schizophrenia is often one of extraordinary terror (King, 2011, p. 507).
"What Is Schizophrenia?" Johns Hopkins Medicine, Based in Baltimore, Maryland. Web. 26 Mar. 2010. .