Introduction
The causes of psychoses like psychosis or schizophrenia have dominated the subject of various intense research efforts and often harsh debates. Several attempts have been made to determine whether the causes exist in the individual, are biological, intrapsychic conflict or socioenvironmental distress (Craig, Kwame, & Paul, 2008). However, some researchers hold the overriding view has been that psychosis is a heritable brain syndrome. In addition, stress-vulnerability model emphasizes that predisposing factors such as genetic composition, can make an individual be in danger of developing schizophrenic disorders. There are psychosocial causes of psychosis for example poverty, substance abuse, child mistreatment and disregard, distress,
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There has been a major concern about this argument regarding the parents’ “responsibility” in causing the condition (Craig, Kwame, & Paul, 2008). Consequently, various families of those who suffer from psychosis have been blamed, stigmatized, negatively labeled and thus, have been left feeling hurt (Craig, Kwame, & Paul, 2008). Psychosis can also result into pervasive changes in the individual and thus can have an impact on one’s social network; for example loss of friends and being abandoned by family members and caregivers (Tom, MacEwan, & William, …show more content…
Moreover, studies have shown that there is a correlation between the psychological states of the staff and the patients or their families. In other words, they tend to reflect the various emotional states from both sides; and this state of affairs is called parallel process (Hinshelwood, 2004).
Reduction or elimination of drug abuse has also been a major issue of concern for families and caregivers. In addition, they are worried about how to reduce the same as well as stabilization of the patients so that they do not go back to abusing the drugs. Further, the effects of hallucinations and delusions have also affected not only the immediate family members but also the society in general (Craig, Kwame, & Paul, 2008). In the case of Bill, his continued use of marijuana, fixed delusional ideation and auditory hallucinations may have some side effect to the family members and the society in
Both diagnosis Naomi’s schizophrenia and Eric’s depressive disorder presented by the Back from Madness documentary meet the criteria for the
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"The History of Mental Illness: From "Skull Drills" to "Happy Pills"" RSS. Web. 09 Apr. 2014. .
Schizophrenia is one of the most misdiagnosed illnesses of all time. Its characteristics of identification – hallucinations, delusions, lack of body control, etc. - often cause it to be identified as depression or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Doctors and scientists still debate the major cause of schizophrenia. Through research it is carefully observed that genetic factors play a larger role in the cause of schizophrenia than environmental factors.
...ght as to when booster sessions may be most helpful. Finally, research examining the potential stigma associated with providing treatment to these at-risk individuals would be helpful. If it is determined that providing these treatments to at risk individuals is stigmatizing, this may be an area of focus for clinicians working within this population. Overall, this area of research is of extreme importance due to the fact that longer periods of untreated illness in psychosis are associated with poorer prognosis. However, further research on the efficacy of CT for the prodrome is needed, and the limitations of this research should be addressed further, such as testing the intervention with individuals of various ethnic backgrounds, tracking participants outcomes over longer periods of time, and testing the intervention against other well validated treatment programs.
Valmaggia LR, van der Gaag M, Tarrier N, Pijnenborg M, Slooff CJ. (2005) Cognitive–behavioural therapy for refractory psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia resistant to atypical antipsychotic medication The British Journal of Psychiatry (2005) 186: 324-330
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In the United States, schizophrenia is most widely understood as a biogenetically determined illness. Those given this diagnosis are seen as unlikely to recover. In the West, pharmacological treatment is the primary intervention offered by mainstream mental health practitioners. However, in the United States and abroad, there is growing controversy about both the causes of and efficacy of treatment for individuals who have been diagnosed with schizophrenia. A longitudinal study launched in 1969 by the staff of the World Health Organization reported that in the United States, Denmark and Taiwan, 40% of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia were found to be “severely impaired;” whereas in the developing world (Nigeria, India and Colombia) only 24% of those diagnosed with schizophrenia were judged to be “severely impaired” (Watters 2010).
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It is not until the Church’s power begins to fade that science could rise to the forefront for the understanding and treatment of disorders. However, science’s reasoning for schizophrenia failed sometimes too. For instance, an explanation of schizophrenia that developed in the 1900’s by Freud believed that schizophrenia evolves from conditions that are caused by a world that is exceedingly strident towards individuals either by parents that have been unnurturing to their children or if they have experienced a trauma. However, in 1948 Frieda Fromm-Reichmann expanded on Freud’s ...
Lesley Stevens and Ian Rodin justified the need of acquisition to the mental disorders’ aetiology in their book “Psychiatry”. They pointed out the fact that psychiatrists need to be familiar with the contribution of a particular disorder in order to make a more confident in the diagnosis. Knowing the aetiology of psychotic disorder is as important as the diagnosis. For the simple reason that psychotic disorders do not have particular tests that can be made for diagnosis; on the contrary, physical illnesses do. Knowing the probability of patients vulnerability to a particular disorder helps in the diagnosis. They gave an example explaining that the probability of having angina is more likely in a 60-year-old male smoker rather than a 30 year-old female non-smoker. Although the causes of schizophrenia remains incompletely reveled, research has shown strong factors that might contribute to the disorder. The factors that increase the risk of schizophrenia include: genetics, environmental factors, and some encephalon(brain) abnormalities.
Biological connections to schizophrenia are not exclusively genes or environment, combination of genes and environment causes schizophrenia (Glick, 2005). Nature’s focus of life is gene electives and nurture is environmental causing direct influence to bump traits, environment and innate potential defining reality in schizophrenia (Glick, 2005). If both genes and environment are correct schizophrenia turns on and each contributes 100% (Glick, 2005). Psychologist cannot account for a single cause of schizophrenia; results from case studies leave multiple genetic factors, psychological assaults, environmental, and hormonal causes that affect brain chemistry (Lifespan, 2009).
Coon, Dennis, John O. Mitterer, and Art VanDeventer. "Schizophrenia." Psychology: a journey. 3rd ed. Australia: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2008. 493.
This chapter got into more depth about people with schizophrenia. This was one topic I never really knew too much information about it. For a person to be classified as having a psychological disorder, the person’s behavior must not only be unusual, but also disturbing. The people with schizophrenia often suffer symptoms such as hearing voices, people are reading their minds, controlling their thoughts, plotting against them. Reading this chapter has showed me that schizophrenia is a serious disorder and a very dangerous psychological disorder to themselves and the people around them. The cause of schizophrenia is still unclear. Some theories about the cause of this disease are genetics, biology; and possible infections and immune disorders. Symptoms may develop slowly over months or years, or may appear very