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Behavior modification principles and procedures 5th edition chapter 13 flashcards
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Some clinicians and researchers believe that the typical symptoms of a manic episode (abnormal, persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and increased activity or energy) are often absent in children. There is a question about the similarity of the symptoms of bipolar activities between adults and children’s, if severe, non-episodic irritability is a developmental presentation of pediatric mania (while euphoria would be most characteristic of adult mania). It could be concluded that there is a group of severely impaired children who show symptoms that overlap with bipolar disorder but did not show strong diagnosis – this could potentially be a new, different disorder. The paper focuses on children with these emotional and behavioral …show more content…
Psychotherapy has been proclaimed as one of the best options for treating this disorder. One of the preferred methods within this realm of treatment is behavior modification. These are techniques that the psychologist or psychiatrist uses to try to change the behavior. These techniques require the cooperation and the integration of the family members and the educators, so that the treatment is consistent in all settings. Some suggest that the best treatment is behavior modification and social approaches. This would include anger management to cope with the outbursts and the temper. Many also say that it is important to treat the siblings and parents of the child in how to deal with this disorder, such daily contact from the family is a key factor and it is a direct impact on the child behavior which can be effectively used to control the disorder. Beneficial strategies may include providing a safe area where the child can let out the outburst and establishing a ¨safe person¨ in all environments where the child may be. This person is someone who the child should feel comfortable enough to inform when he or she feels they are about to have an outburst. Also researchers believe that observations of the child may reveal triggers that set off the outbursts, as well as elements in his or her diet that may contribute to outbursts. Also, as preventive method at the school the child may complete his assignments and tasks at his own pace to reduce some stressors that lead to his/hers outburst. (Anglod,
-Healy David. Mania: A Short History of Bipolar Disorder. The John Hopkins University Press. Baltimore. 2008. Print
Bipolar Disorder (Formerly known as Manic Depression) is a mental illness linked to alterations in moods such as mood swings, mania, and depression. There is more than one type, Bipolar I and Bipolar II, and the subcategories are divided by the severity of the symptoms seen, such as cyclothymic disorder, seasonal mood changes, rapid cycling disorder and psychosis. Age of onset usually occurs between 15-30 years old with an average onset of 25 years old but it can affect all ages. (Harvard Medical School; Massachusetts General Hospital , 2013) Bipolar disorder affects more than two million people in the United States every year. (Gardner, 2011)
Bipolar disorder is a lifelong mood disorder characterized by periods of mania, depression, or a mixed manic-depressive state. The condition can seriously affect a person’s reasoning, understanding, awareness, and behavior. Acco...
There is a great deal of controversy surrounding the issue of children being medicated with powerful psychotropic medications. Psychological disorders, such as bipolar disorder, that were once believed only to effect adults, are now being diagnosed in children, and those children are, more often than not, now being treated with medications. The number of children being diagnosed and treated with psychotropic medications has rapidly increased in recent years. A report issued by Medco Health Solutions in 2010 states that the number of children being prescribed psychotropic medications doubled from 2001 to 2010. Psychotropic medications can be defined as "any medication capable of affecting the mind, emotions, and behavior"(medicine net). The classes of psychotropic medications are; Stimulants, such as Adderall- prescribed for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Antidepressants, such as Prozac- prescribed for depression, Anti-psychotics such as Haldol - prescribed for behavioral disorders, and Mood Stabilizers, such as Depakote - prescribed for bipolar disorders. These medications have been shown to "stunt growth, cause obsessive behaviors, suppress spontaneity, and cause children to become depressed and less social"(Breggin, 2009). This paper will discuss what research suggests about the potentially negative effects of these medications on a child’s physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development. In addition, this paper will also examine the potential reasons these medications are increasingly prescribed, and alternative treatments for some of the psychological disorders that these kinds of medications are prescribed for.
Bipolar Disorder can be classified by the occurrence of manic episodes followed by hypomanic or major depressive episodes. A manic episode is a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, extensive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy, lasting at least 1 week and present most of the day, nearly every day. During the specific period of mood disturbance and increased energy or activity, many symptoms are present. Some examples of these symptoms can include: -Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, and are more talkative than usual (“Bipolar and Related Disorders, “n.d.). There is a 10- 15% risk of completed suicide associated with Bipolar Disorder (“Bipolar Depression”, 2)
The documentary “The Medicated Child” gave me a lot of insight into the lives of children diagnosed with bipolar disorder. When we hear and learn about bipolar disorder, we do not normally think of children. However, there are many children diagnosed with bipolar disorder ranging from all ages. As we saw in the documentary, bipolar disorder can be very hard on both the child and the family, so finding a cure that is effective and safe is important. The video also highlighted how little research there has been on the effectiveness of antidepressants on children.
Students who exhibit inappropriate, disruptive behaviors may do so for various reasons. The variety of explanations for problem behavior can cause confusion as to what specific interventions are best suitable for the individual student. There are frequent assumptions that knowing the cause of problematic behavior will assist with the best way to handle it. However, finding an effective intervention does not necessarily indicate the origin of cause for troublesome behavior. In fact, multiple causal factors are interrelated with the most common causal factors being family, school, biological, and culture. In consideration of a previous analysis on biological and family causal factors, this paper is intended to answer the following questions on the potential impact of school and cultural influences on emotional or behavioral disorders (EBD):
Bipolar disorder is the condition in which one’s mood switches from periods of extreme highs known as manias to periods of extreme lows known as depression. The name bipolar comes from the root words bi (meaning two) and polar (meaning opposite) (Peacock, 2000). Though often bipolar disorder is developed in a person’s late teens to early adulthood; bipolar disorder’s early symptoms can sometimes be found in young children or may develop later on in life (National Institutes of, 2008). Bipolar disorder has been found to affect both men and women equally. Currently the exact cause of bipolar disorder is not yet known, however it has been found to occur most often in the relatives of people diagnosed with bipolar disorder (National Center for, 2010).
A steep rise in the past ten years is shown in the diagnoses and medicating childhood disorders and more specifically bipolar disorder. An initial dose is given to a child to stabilize a psychological disorder. I turn this one drug cause the need for more drugs due to side effects. New medications are then used in order to reduce new side effects. The problem is the use of numerous medications in childhood diagnosed bipolar disorder. Many issues arise due to a lack of research on childhood medication use by the FDA, difficulty in proper diagnoses of bipolar disorder, and over medicating children. The video, “The Medicated Child”, explains the many issues faced in proper diagnoses of childhood mental illness and proper treatment to include medications.
As a result, the parents realize some of the techniques that they can use to parent the children. The parent-child relationship significantly improves the problem behavior that a defiant and oppositional person shows (Cannon, 2013). Since Will has been abused by the parent leading to his current status of socialization, it would be imperative to reconstruct the relationship between him and the mother with the help of a therapist. Individual and family therapy is necessary for individuals with Will’s disorder because it aid the in the management of anger and be able to express the feeling in a way that is healthier. One of the most important techniques in individual therapy is his behavior modification technique, for example, the use of consequences depending on the needs of the person. Family counseling, on the other hand, helps individuals improve their communication and relations they have with relatives and another member of the family. Family therapy is particularly crucial as it is useful in controlling the behavior of defiant, oppositional individuals (Cannon, 2013). The case of Will appears extreme and, therefore, the parents must be willing to develop more effective parenting approaches accompanies with
This assignment will examine an eight year old child who has started to display aggressive outbursts since the discovery of his/her parents’ divorce. This will include the therapeutic approach, techniques and activities I will use as well as the play therapy principles that I will be using. Finally, I will
Students with emotional and behavioral disorder (EBD) exhibit various characteristics relevant to their identified diagnosis. The primary characteristic of students with EBD is problem behaviors are displayed at school, home, community, and other social settings. These problem behaviors are described professionally as externalizing and internalizing behaviors that students with EBD often engage in regularly. Externalizing behaviors are described as acting-out behaviors that are aggressive and/or disruptive that is observable as behaviors directed towards others. Internalizing behaviors are behaviors that are construed as acting-in behaviors such as anxiety, fearfulness, withdrawal, and other indications of an individual's mood or internal condition. The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast the characteristics associated with internalized and externalized behaviors.
Emotional and behavioral disorders manifest from various sources. For some children, the core of these disorders is rooted in such factors as “family adversity...poverty, caregiving instability, maternal depression, family stress…marital discord…dysfunctional parenting patterns…abuse and neglect” (Fox, Dunlap & Cushing, 2002, p. 150). These factors are stressors that affect children both emotionally and behaviorally. Students have their educational performance and academic success impeded by such stressors once in school, which creates even more stress as they find themselves frustrated and failing. As a result, problem behaviors may manifest that can be described as disruptive, impulsive, pre-occupied, resistant to change, aggressive, intimidating, or dishonest. Such behaviors may also inflict self-harm.
As a teacher managing problem behavior in your classroom can be one of the most challenging tasks. Behavior problems can range from disruption of lessons to acts of violence against fellow students and teachers. Children’s emotional setbacks and life challenges can also contribute to behavior issues at school. A study done by the Justice Center and the Public Policy Research Institute found that six out of ten students suffered from an “emotional disturbance” and were expelled or suspended between seventh and twelfth grade (Firke, 2011). This same study showed that discipline varied greatly between schools. This report also revealed the urgent need for a more thoughtful technique in school discipline policies. In many cases teachers have exhausted their classroom management strategies without success. Behavior Modification is aimed at improving school and classroom behavior, and can give teachers additional tools to help them to deal proactively and effectively with behaviors that are disruptive to students and teachers in the classroom. When children are disruptive in the classroom it can cause a lot of problems for their classmates and their teacher. Yet, in the long run, it's the disruptive child themselves who is most impacted, on both a social and educational level (Epstein, Atkins, Cullinan, Kutash, & Weaver, 2008). Behavior modification techniques should be used in school, to change the negative behaviors, and increase the positive behaviors seen in these children.
One of the ultimate trials that educators face currently is giving students with behavioral disorders and inappropriate behaviors, tools that will help them function self-sufficiently in a suitable manner. Teachers are facing classrooms where students parade various academic and behavioral characteristics; therefore, teacher are constantly looking for effective instructional strategies and classroom management skills. Classroom teachers tend to be more appealed to flexible, tranquil to implement and inexpensive teaching strategies and techniques that keep students energetically involved.