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Summary of literature review : classroom management strategies
Summary of literature review : classroom management strategies
The importance of classroom management
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Classroom management and challenging behaviors are the biggest concerns most teachers have today. The three behavioral theories describe above, I believe has had the biggest impact on how teachers try to change and deal with challenging behaviors today. The Psychodynamic, Behavioral, and Social Learning Models are based on that behaviors are learned, have a cause, or a reason. However, all three behavioral models fail to take into account how other factors can affect behavioral development such as disabilities, genetics, or economics. The biggest difference in all three of the behavioral models in how changes in behavior occurs. The Psychodynamic Model describes how in order to change current behaviors, a person must deal with and heal from
The Behavioral Model and behavioral theorists believe that our actions are determined by our experiences in life. The focus of this model is on the subject’s behaviors in response to their environment. These behaviors can either be external or internal. Learned behaviors can help some people cope and lead to productive activities in life. Learned behaviors can also be abnormal and lead to abnormal functioning (Comer, 2005-2011).
I have chosen to research the classroom behavior and management theories of Judicious Discipline and Love and Logic: Taking Control of the Classroom,. I will attempt to summarize, in some detail, the authors’ findings and compare and contrast their main points. I will discuss how these two models influence and agree with, or contradict my own behavior management beliefs. Furthermore, I address how these strategies can be used in the classroom and offer my suggestions on the usefulness or uselessness of these theories regarding my own personal philosophy of classroom and behavior management.
There are four essential developmental theories that demonstrate how children’s development changes as they grow up. These theories range from explaining how children grow from birth, how they feel about certain aspects of life, how they socialize with their peers, to how they think. The four theories of development that are vital to understand as teachers are Biosocial, Social Learning, Humanistic, and Psychoanalytic. Each of these theories provide teachers with an understanding of why children act a certain way during a certain point in their lives. Teachers that are knowledgeable about each of these theories will be more likely to be effective teachers, and to make a difference in their student’s lives.
In the following case, I matched up Mr. Johnson’s lesson plans to different theories in which I found that were suitable to describing his teaching style. First and foremost, Mr. Johnson runs his classroom in what could be called a “token economy”. This is a concept that falls under the behaviorist theory of learning called “behaviorism” The term behaviorism was coined by John. B Watson who believed that psychology should be concerned with the study of the human behavior rather than mind. However, the behaviorist theory is said to be biased because it says that if two students observe something at the same time both students should be able to learn, know what is happening, and how to do it. The behaviorist theory only takes account of a student’s past conditioning, reinforce...
...arn appropriate behavior by observing teachers accomplishing a task while demonstrating the self-regulation needed to complete it. However, it is essential that the teachers remain consistent. They can also model socially correct responses by being active participants in conversations with their children and facilitating/mediating peer-to-peer support during times of conflict. For instance, the teachers will employ strategies to help the children come up with solutions to their own conflicts by asking questions. A good educator will allow the children freedom to test and try their solutions seek a different solution if the first attempt was not successful. This is often very effective at teaching children problem solving skills and also curbing the surge of emotion from their problem. Instead, the child will redirect their feelings and time towards fixing the issue.
As a counselor I see myself following behavioral perspective which is learning and behavior described and explained in terms of stimulus-responsive relationships. One of the key components of behaviorism is that the environment influences the behavior. People’s behavior is a result of their interaction with the environment. People become conditioned and molded to respond in certain ways based on responses like feedback, praise, and rewards. Behavior is focused on observable events rather than events that occur inside a person’s head such as thoughts, feelings, and beliefs. Theorist believe that learning has not occurred unless an observable change has occurred.
There are many different ways to run a successful and effective classroom. Numerous people have tried to give me the best advice for making things work, but ultimately it will be my choice to decide what works best for me. By assessing the students' needs, I will be able to provide a curriculum and classroom environment that will hopefully motivate their learning. In assessing my own needs, I can make the proper actions necessary to make sure that those needs are met. Rules and consequences fall under both the needs of the student and the teacher, so those are essential as well. In the following, I will discuss what I find to be the needs of the student, the needs of the teacher, and how my philosophy on rules, consequences, and discipline play into these needs.
Welcome everyone and thank you form coming. I have created this presentation together because I am seeking a change in how the school is teaching its students. There are numerous grade seven students, my son included, who are unhappy and unmotivated with the material they are learning. I have discussed this worry with a few parents and we are seeking a change. After researching the type of education model our school is currently using, I have discovered that it is a behaviourist model. This model is likely the source that is failing many of our children. What is behaviourism, you may ask.
In a behavioristic learning environment, it would be accurate to believe one’s students will learn through the environment around them. Some examples include: the things that they hear, the things that they see, the things that they do, as well as the feelings associated with those. In a behavioristic environment learning is conducted through the use of a system of rewards and punishments. If a student is rewarded for an appropriate behavior they will continue to do that behavior, and on the other side, if a student is punished for an inappropriate behavior they will cease
Applying behaviorist theories in the classroom is called direct instruction (Campana, 2011). As Campana’s (2011) video explains, these forms of direct instruction include breaking down tasks into smaller and easier steps, modeling by the instructor, repetition and review, and structured/systematic planning. There are many proven advantages to using behaviorist techniques in the classroom. As in Skinner’s theory of learning, the implementation of reinforcements can improve behavior, increase motivation, and raise self-esteem in students.
As for the second scenario, regarding on Danish problems, Danish most probably an autism child. This is because he has a problem in developing communication skills as he stares blankly when told to get to work. So in order to help Danish, Mr Andy needs to understand Danish condition. It is stated in The Albert Model, that the key to good classroom behaviour lies in close cooperation between teacher and student. So Mr Andy should give more attention to him like slowly build up his communication skill by imitating and keep praising him when he did well. Besides Mr Andy also should establish a relationship with Danish based on consistency and routine like to be a friend. Cooperation occurs more easily when students truly feel they belong to, and in the class (Albert, 1996). So with the problem that Danish faces as probably an autistic child, he can manage to learn beneficially with the help and guide from Mr. Andy.
“Behavior theory consists of ideas about how human actions and emotions develop, are sustained, and are extinguished through principles of learning” (Walsh, 2010). Positive and negative reinforcement is used to help manipulate the behaviors of the individual. The theory has been used to help eliminate unwanted behaviors. In addition, behavior theory has been use primarily with children, and persons with developmental disabilities. According to Walsh (2010) behavior theory evolved in the 1960s from a field of philosophy to the field of science. Ivan Pavlov discovered classical conditioning, which plays a major role in behavioral theory. Classical conditioning is the process of learning through ones surroundings, conditioned, and unconditioned stimuli and response. B. F. Skinner discovered operant conditioning the process of learning to influence the future responses to the environment (Clark, 2004). The two concepts has been used throughout the behavior theory to help assist clients with unacceptable behaviors that is occurring. The combination of the two concepts has been a very helpful aspect to the behavior theory. Both concepts offer a different approach or solution to the behavior of the client.
The main instance that I use behaviorism in my classroom is through positive reinforcement. I praise, praise, praise my students all day. Students who are such young learners receive much motivation when they hear praise and specific praise at that. It allows them to be eager to please their teacher and provides a sense of self-accomplishment. In my classroom, I also use a treasure chest, reward coupons and PBIS reward money as major components of positive reinforcement. At the beginning of the year, I teach my students my classroom expectations and that I expect the best from them. This includes all of their daily work, including journal writing, morning work, etc. My students know what my desired outcome is. Student’s behavioral efforts are measured and collected on a weekly basis through a behavior chart. Their assignments are measured on accuracy and completeness in order to help them recognize the importance of their effort in finishing an assignment. I utilize a rubric on many of my assignments in order to help them achieve their best. Their meeting certain standards on their weekly behavior chart allows them to receive
The successful application of these theories have been very interdisciplinary in their use, being applicable in the development of disorders and even calculating spending patterns across social groups. Behaviorism and social learning have evolved beyond the original use of solely educational purposes. However, the effectiveness of the behaviorism theory has come into question as an educational approach., L’Ecuyer (2014) explains that the behaviorism approach, “emphasizes the accumulation of information (knowledge), on external behaviors (skills and mechanical habits) and their emotional and physical reactions in given situations, rather than on the person’s internal mental states, such as intentionality, which are much more complex (p.2). The article questions the modern effectiveness of the behaviorism approach on children. I have found that the theory of social learning when paired with the behaviorism theory is still very useful in education, even with the influx of modern technologies. At the very core, behaviorism, both classical and, seeks to explain why humans react to certain stimuli. Operant is more used in socially especially in child rearing, how to effectively discipline and child via reinforcement of positive behaviors or corporal punishment for negative behaviors is still a highly debated topic. Social learning can also heavily influence
The behaviourist view is that the educators, elders etc are the people who transmit and reinforce learning and correct behaviour to the unlearned. Knowledge is given and received.