Post-War Developments of Travel and Tourism
Since the Second World War, which ended in 1945, the worldwide travel
and tourism industry had grown so much that it is considered as the
largest industry in the world. In the past 40 years the developments
of the industry has been shaped by a number of factors. These factors
can be divided into four categories, which are:
* Changing socio-economic conditions
* Developing technology
* Product technology
* Changing consumer needs
Changing Socio-economic conditions
This is the term given to the combination of social and economic
factors. These factors have contributed to the growth of the travel
and tourism industry since the Second World War. Leisure time has
increased greatly in the past amount of years for people in the UK.
One of the reasons it has increased is because of the introduction of
paid holidays. Now people feel at ease to go on holiday without of
being short for money when they come home. Theses paid holydays have
increased seaside holidays significantly such as Brighton, Blackpool
or Benidorm.
The entitlement of four to five weeks paid holidays has helped UK
domestic tourism industry by encouraging consumers to take a short
holiday breaks in addition to their main holiday. The length of the
working week has also been reduced largely. In the 1950's the average
working week in the UK was 50 hours. The typical working week in the
UK range 37-40 hours. Many workers have greater choice now about the
pattern of their working week. The unemployed and the increased number
of retired people in recent years has seen the demand for leisure
activitie...
... middle of paper ...
... terms of consumer spending and
employment. However, because the industry is so varied and uneven, it
is often difficult to assess its exact contribution to the national
economy.
The British Tourist Authority and the English Tourism council estimate
that the value of tourism to the UK in 1998 was £61,201 million,
making the industry the fourth largest earner of foreign exchange.
It is now worth approx £74 billion in 2001 and has created about 2.1
million jobs.
In 1998, 25.7 million overseas
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This table shows the total spending of overseas tourist spending in
the UK
The English Tourism Council and the British Tourist Authority both
produce data that highlight the importance of tourism to the national
economy.
The UK domestic tourism expenditure in 2001 was more than £59 billion.
It plays a unique role in building England’s tourism product, raising Britain’s profile worldwide, increasing the volume and value of tourism exports and developing England and Britain’s visitor economy.
The editor, Clement A Tisdell, is from the University of Queensland, Australia and focuses on tourism economics. The information from the handbook is well trusted with every fact or claim having its own individual citation for verification and further studies. This source surprisingly, had more information on the background and current state of the cruise industry than it did about economics of it all. The article does provide valuable data when it comes to the increasing trends of the industry which could then be related to the outcomes of the also increasing economic
For the introduction, brief information regarding my purchase and the travel and tourism industry is presented. It was then followed by the explanation of the 2 chosen theories from two different chapters.
The Leisure and Recreation Industry The leisure and recreation industry is an industry, which has grown and affected the economy in a big way. The industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the UK. The leisure and recreation is defined in many ways for example leisure is referred to the time spent outside employment and other essential activities such as sleeping. Recreation, where as referred to the type of activities undertaken during leisure time? The leisure and recreation industry can be described as a whole range of activities taken in people's free time.
The Impact of Tourism in the Last 30 Years on Urban Areas in the MEDW
In recent years, business tourism has become increasingly prevalent and prevailing in the tourism industry. There are large quantities of significant changes which have far-reaching implications for all consumers and suppliers of business travel such as consumption patterns, great developments in transport and communications technology, and the world´s political and economic changes related to tourism industry. All these developments have brought large effects on business travel as well as the main challenges to this sector for the coming years. Every day, tens of thousands of people are beginning or ending their business trips all around the world, while numerous conferences or exhibitions are being held globally, so business tourism is a
1.2 Problem Formulation In the problem formulation part of my report I would describe the overall situation of the U.K Tourism industry. The service concept of “Simply Travel” will give us information about the services provided by the company. I will find out about the customers, competitors of the company. I will find out what political, economical, social and technological factors affecting the company and its demand situation.
In order to understand the study, planning and development of tourism, one must understand the definition of tourism. However, in the academia of tourism, there is no distinct definition of tourism to which everyone complies. Consequently, the definitions of tourism differ according to one’s philosophical approach. While some definitions offer a heuristic concept, others provide a more technical definition. Thus, the relevance of Lloyd Stear’s interpretation of tourism to the planning and development of tourism today can be seen through the progression and evolution of the differing explanations of tourism.
Tourism is presently one of the primary economic exercises on the planet adding to financial, social and political advancement of different regions and Krippendorf (1989) contends that we should be mindful to the development of this exercise. The hotel industry is one of the primary sub-segments of tourism and Cunha (2003) trusts that the hotel business was one of the main process in the improvement and development of tourism, which has prompted to expanded number of foundations hoteliers, individual size and organizational complexity(Quintas, 1998).In addition, the national hotel went with the growth of international hospitality consequently getting to be in the activity with the largest weight among all exercises secured by
The economy can be clearly identified as the most beneficial aspect of tourism. “According to recent statistics, tourism provides about 10% of the world’s income and employs almost one tenth of the world’s workforce” (Mirbabayev, 2007). In Australia alone, Tourism contributed $87.3 billion in 2012, and employed 908,434 (7.9%) people (Kookana & Duc Pham, 2013). Tourism is “one of the most profitable and rapidly developing industries in the world” (Popushoi, 2004). Every year the number of tourists increase dramatically and consequently the revenues from tourism will increase substantially.
According to the statistics by Batir Mirbabyer (1991), tourism provided almost 10% of the world’s income and employed almost one tenth of the world’s workforce. Thus, tourism offers a good potential economic impact to the national economy. Refer on Berita Harian (2013), Malaysia triggered a record of arrivals tourists was 15.9%. It is over 6.4 million tourists in the
In the more economically developed countries (MEDCs), synonymous mainly with the industrialised countries of the northern hemisphere there, has been an explosion in the growth of leisure and tourism industry, which is now believed to be the worlds second largest industry in terms of money generated. In order to differentiate between leisure and tourism it should be recognised that leisure often involves activities enjoyed during an individual’s free time, whereas tourism commonly refers to organised touring undertaken on a commercial basis. Development in the two areas could be attributed to changing patterns in working lives within the last four decades. Generally, people now have more disposable wealth, work shorter hours, receive longer, paid annual leave, retire earlier and have greater personal mobility. In addition, according to Marshall & Wood (1995), the growth of the tourist industry per se can be associated, in part, with the concentration of capital; the emergence of diversified leisure based companies, sometimes within wider corporate conglomerates and often associated with particular airlines. Furthermore, the development of tourism can generate employment both directly, in jobs created in the hotels, restaurants etc, and indirectly, through expenditure on goods and services in the local area. Nevertheless, although the tourist industry is competitive, which essentially keeps down the cost of foreign travel, the success of tourism in any one area can be ‘influenced by weather, changing consumer tastes, demographics, economic cycles, government policy, not to mention international terrorism and other forms of conflict.’(1) Although such factors may have a detrimental affect on the economy of a popular tourist destination (or even tourism in general, in light of September 11th 2001), the consequence of tourism in general is often three fold: environmental, social and cultural, which in turn has prompted a search for new ‘friendly’ approaches that are less destructive.
The discourse concerning the impacts of tourism in national development, economic and otherwise, has had both negative and positive connotations. Societies hosting tourist attractions are seen as the victims of the negative effects of tourism while the tourists seen as the perpetrators of the crime; bringing their culture and values and imposing them on the host societies. While these generally accepted stereotypical thoughts may be true in some instances, it is however misleading to hold these notions regarding the changes in the social and cultural aspects of a society. Whereas sociocultural changes may in part be due to tourism, it can also be due to other modernization and global factors such as international trade relations, military actions, migration etc (Sharpley R. and Telfer D., 2002).
Firstly, the input of local residents increases due to a large number of foreign guests. Generally, extra income can be generated through selling souvenirs and handcrafts to visitors which are made by local craftsmen as tourists are highly willing to buy memorable goods and presents from that country. Also, tourists often use services of local guides or housekeepers when they rent house or room from individuals. Hence, the income of citizens living in receiving countries surges with tourism enlargement. In 2010, tourism created 919 billion US dollars revenue from selling goods and services to tourists because of 7 per cent increase in the number of visitors (UNWTO, cited in Boz, 2011). Secondly, as Holloway and Humphreys note the total income of the government has been increasing by imposing numerous taxes on goods and services that visitors utilize. These may involve taxation on staying in hotel rooms, eating at restaurants, car parking, petrol and other means of taxing tourists in order to increase income revenue. In several countries major amount of income is generated from taxes paid tourists; for example, in Austria, Belgium, Hungary there is a levy on travellers for departing flights from local airports whilst in the USA, passengers are imposed taxation on both arrivals and departure. In other countries such as Italy and France, tourism facilitated as a means of
Tourism sector in the UK is not only one of the largest tourism industries in the world but it is identified by the Government as one of the five fundamental sectors in the UK (Tourism, 2011). Despite of this, there is a gradual decline in domestic tourism in the recent past (Tourism, 2011). In addition to this, according to the government statistics there is a slight decline in the visit of foreign travellers in the last quarter of 2016, as compared to the last quarter of the year 2015 (The National Archives, OGL, 2017). Heritage and culture are the key factors to attract the tourists to the UK, especially London. This is because, London is a home of many historic buildings and heritages. However, in order to encourage the future