Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
explanatory Essay
1019 words
The current criteria of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder has changed since the DSM-IV. In the DSM-V, the diagnostic criteria draws a clearer line when detailing what establishes a traumatic event. The DSM-V pays more attention to the behavioral symptoms that accompany PTSD and proposes four distinct diagnostic clusters instead of three. They are described as re-experiencing, avoidance, negative cognitions and mood, and arousal. Re-experiencing is the spontaneous memories of the traumatic event, recurrent dreams related to it, flashbacks or other intense psychological distress. Avoidance refers to distressing memories, thoughts, feelings or external reminders of the event. Negative cognitions and moods represent endless feelings from a continual and distorted sense of blame of self or of others, to break up from others or a decrease in interest of activities, to an inability to recall key aspects of the traumatizing event. Lastly, arousal is marked by aggressive, reckless or self-destructive behavior, sleep disturbances or hyper-vigilance. The DSM-V also emphasizes the “flight” aspect associated with PTSD, as well as the “fight” reaction that is often seen. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder goes back way into history. The risk of exposure to trauma has been part of the human status since we evolved as a species. It was first seen in Shakespeare’s Henry IV play, written around 1597, which represents an unusually accurate description of the symptoms of PTSD. In 1980, the American Psychiatric Association added PTSD to the third edition of its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders known as the DSM-III. Although controversial when first introduced, the PTSD diagnosis filled an important gap in psychiatric theory and practice... ... middle of paper ... ...ders have negative effects. Works Cited Friedman, M. (n.d.). PTSD: National Center for PTSD. PTSD History and Overview -. Retrieved May 26, 2014, from http://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/PTSD-overview/ptsd-overview.asp PTSD: National Center for PTSD. (n.d.). Treatment of PTSD -. Retrieved May 27, 2014, from http://www.ptsd.va.gov/public/treatment/therapy-med/treatment-ptsd.asp Rosen, G. (2004). Posttraumatic stress disorder: issues and controversies. Chichester, West Sussex, England: J. Wiley. Tull, M. (n.d.). How Does PTSD Affect Daily Life?. About.com Post Traumatic Stress (PTSD). Retrieved May 26, 2014, from http://ptsd.about.com/od/relatedconditions/a/effectofptsd.htm Tull, M. (n.d.). PTSD Rates Across Gender, Age and Marital Status. About.com Post Traumatic Stress (PTSD). Retrieved May 29, 2014, from http://ptsd.about.com/od/prevalence/a/prevalence.htm
In this essay, the author
- Explains that ptsd affects people of all ages, genders, and even marital statuses.
- Explains that ptsd can negatively affect a person's mental health, physical health and relationships.
- Explains that the dsm-v has four distinct diagnostic clusters instead of three, namely re-experiencing, avoidance, negative cognitions and mood, and arousal.
- Explains that cognitive behavioral therapy (cbt) is the most effective type of counseling for ptsd.
- Cites friedman, m, tull, and rosen, g. (2004). posttraumatic stress disorder: issues and controversies.
Related
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- comparative
- analytical
- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorderexplanatory essayPost-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a somewhat new title for a condition that has affected combat veterans throughout the history of warfare. Studying the evolution of PTSD allows us to learn how we can better support individuals, specifically United States military veterans, who are affected by this disorder today. Through the history of treating this disorder, new treatments were discovered and ways to handle the symptoms. The psychiatric community is still learning about PTSD and the harmful effects of having the disorder.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that post-traumatic stress disorder (ptsd) is a relatively new title for the condition that has affected combat veterans throughout the history of warfare. the psychiatric community is still learning about ptsd and the harmful effects of having it.
- Explains that post-traumatic stress disorder is addressed in the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders as an anxiety disorder.
- Explains that ptsd is an anxiety disorder set off by traumatic experiences and affects one in five of the 2.6 million service members who have deployed to iraq or afghanistan since 2001.
- Explains how the symptoms of deteriorating psychological state of troops can be found from the accounts of the battle of marathon and the infamous spartan stand at thermopylae.
- Explains that the dsm-5 classifies ptsd as a "disorder," which has negative cogitation about it. soldiers coming back from conflict often carry bad memories which contribute to them experiencing trouble while attempting to reestablish themselves into the civilian sector.
- Explains that military personnel coming home from war are reluctant to discuss their experiences from overseas. suicidal thoughts are commonplace with our war veterans today, but we have a long way to go.
- Explains that there are several treatments for ptsd, including cognitive behavioral therapy, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, group therapy and family therapy.
1428 wordsRead More - Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)explanatory essayPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a relatively new diagnosis that was associated with survivors of war when it was first introduced. Its diagnosis was met largely with skepticism and dismissal by the public of the validity of the illness. PTSD was only widely accepted when it was included as a diagnosis in 1980 in the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) of the American Psychiatric Association. PTSD is a complex mental disorder that develops in response to exposure to a severe traumatic event that stems a cluster of symptoms. Being afflicted with the disorder is debilitating, disrupting an individual’s ability to function and perform the most basic tasks.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that post-traumatic stress disorder (ptsd) is a relatively new diagnosis that was associated with survivors of war when it was first introduced.
- Explains that ptsd is an illness defined with a collection of symptoms that are comorbid with other disorders.
- Explains that ptsd symptoms can be caused by any stimuli, such as objects, images, or sounds. a clicking of a toy can symbolize an intense feeling of anxiety for the individual.
- Describes the avoidance symptom that causes the individual to change his/her everyday routine to avoid social situations, places, events, or people that provoke the recollection of the trauma.
- Explains that the most effective treatment for post-traumatic stress disorders is cognitive-behavior therapy (cbt). there are numerous counseling techniques in cognitive behavior therapies that focus on ptsd symptoms.
- Explains that exposure therapy (ex), also known as flooding, is a collective term used to describe prolonged exposure therapies.
- Explains that meichenbaum developed stress inoculation training (sit) as anxiety management training in 1974, but later modified to treat rape survivors.
- Explains that cognitive therapy focuses on the individual's interpretation of events, rather than the event itself, which beck theorize determines the emotional state of an individual after experiencing traumatic stressor.
- Explains that cognitive processing therapy incorporates exposure therapy (ex) as well as cognitive therapy and uses cognitive restructuring. it uses repeated writing about the traumatic event and rereading the narrative.
- Explains that ptsd is comorbid with other disorders such as depression or panic disorders, so it is important to choose the medication based on its effectiveness against the disorder, specific symptoms, or cluster of symptoms.
- Explains that post-traumatic stress disorder is an anxiety disorder that develops from exposure of a traumatic event.
- Explains that post-traumatic stress disorder can develop at any age with any cultural, social, and economic background. ptsd can be caused by witnessing or being part of a traumatic event.
- Explains that exposure to an extreme stressor is not a lone cause to the development of ptsd.
- Explains that resilience is the ability for an individual to cope with the disorder and recover from exposure to traumatic events.
- Explains that hyperarousal symptoms are increases in emotion by the individual. a victim of robbery can develop anxiety disorder and have poor concentration and appetite.
- Explains that group therapy addresses stigmatization of having a disorder, isolation, and alienation that is caused by ptsd.
- Explains that scientists are working on new research methods to develop new treatments and preventive ways for the disorder.
- States foa, keane, friedman, and cohen, j. a. (2000). effective treatments for ptsd: practice guidelines from the international society for traumatic stress studies.
2178 wordsRead More - The Signs and Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorderexplanatory essayPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder, or more commonly known as PTSD, is a disorder effecting about 7.7 million American adults. Post-traumatic stress disorder is developed after a terrifying ordeal that involved physical harm or the threat of physical harm (NIMH). The individual may have personally be harmed, the harm could have happened to a family member or loved one, or the individual could have seen a harmful event that happened. “Post-traumatic stress disorder was first brought to public attention in relation to war veterans, but it can result from a variety of traumatic incidents, such as mugging, rape, torture, being kidnapped or held captive, child abuse, car accidents, train wrecks, plane crashes, bombings, or natural disasters such as floods or earthquakes” (NIHM). It is natural to feel afraid when faced with danger. In these cases, fear triggers short but extreme changes in the body to prepare the body to defend against danger or to avoid it (NIMH). This response is called a “flight-or-flight” response which is the natural reaction meant to protect a person from harm, but with post-traumatic stress disorder this reaction is changed or damaged. An individual with post-traumatic stress disorder could possibly feel frightened even when there is no longer danger or when there was never any danger.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that post-traumatic stress disorder affects about 7.7 million american adults. it can result from a variety of traumatic incidents, such as mugging, rape, torture, child abuse, car accidents, train wrecks, bombings or natural disasters.
- Explains the four types of treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder: trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy, family therapy and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing.
- Opines that post-traumatic stress disorder is being overlooked in military men because it is so common. 8% of the population will have ptsd symptoms at some point in their lives.
- Explains the signs and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder: re-experiencing symptoms, avoidance symptoms and hyperarousal symptoms.
- Describes the symptoms, treatment, and self-help of post-traumatic stress disorder (ptsd).
990 wordsRead More - Post-Traumatic Stress Disorderexplanatory essayPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder Definition of illness: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, also known as “PTSD” is classified as an anxiety disorder in which a person has in the past experienced a stressful event such as a war, rape or physical and emotional abuse (Schiraldi, 2009). The DSM-V states that by witnessing, being involved or knowing a family member or friend that experienced such event can result into PTSD and involves a response of intense fear, helplessness or horror. (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Individuals who have suffered from PTSD experience episodic memories of the unsafe events that they had to endure and tend to avoid anything that may remind them of the event (Schiraldi, 2009).
In this essay, the author
- Explains post-traumatic stress disorder, also known as 'ptsd', as an anxiety disorder in which a person has in the past experienced stressful events such as war, rape or physical and emotional abuse.
- Explains that ptsd patients must exhibit three types of symptoms: re-experiencing symptoms, avoidance behaviors, and hypervigilance.
- Explains the different types of therapy used to treat ptsd, such as group therapy, cognitive-behavior therapy and guided imagery.
- Explains that ptsd symptoms may last several months to many years. emphasis on safety, support from family and peers, psychotherapy, medication to help with anxiety or depression can all help reduce the symptoms.
- Reports that 7.7 million adults suffer from ptsd, and twice as many women than men are afflicted. studies have shown that children are more prone to develop post-traumatic stress disorder due to their brain not being fully developed.
- Explains that the cognitive-behavioral theory analyzes negative feelings and instructs the individual involved in the event to look at the situation from a different perspective and change their negative thoughts into positive thoughts.
- Explains how group therapy would help irene regain her normal life. guided imagery could help her express her fears and improve her coping skills. exposure therapy exposes her to the same trauma.
- Describes the miami counseling & resource group as a full-service mental health treatment center providing psychological services and therapy to children, teenagers, and adults.
- Describes therapeutic oasis of the palm beaches as an out/inpatient facility with a wide range of programs and resources aimed to help irene with her current situations.
- Describes the psychological services center as a high-quality service that would address and assist irene’s problems.
- Refers to the american psychiatric association's diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: dsm-5.
1602 wordsRead More - Impact Of Trauma And PTSDcomparative essayThe diagnosis of Post –Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) involves clusters of symptoms. They include persistent re-experiencing of the trauma, avoidance of traumatic reminders/ general numbing of emotional responsiveness, and hyper-arousal (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). In order for the possible diagnosis of PTSD the individual needs to have exposed to a
In this essay, the author
- Explains the variety and complexity of children's reactions to traumatic events and how reactions unfold over time.
- Describes the benefits of evidence-based treatment for children and families and explains which type of treatment is optimal for different individuals or groups.
- Explains that hamblem and barnet (2014) discussed events that can cause ptsd in children, including sexual abuse or violence, physical abuse, and witnessing violence.
- Explains that there are two types of trauma that lead to ptsd symptoms among young people.
- Concludes that ptsd is increasingly recognized to be a prevalent and disabling disorder in children and adolescents and there are some advances in learning to recognize the risk factors and pathogenesis.
1016 wordsRead More - Military: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorderexplanatory essayMilitary PTSD: Reasons and Methods Used to Help Troops Cope For the past decade, the United States of America has been a participant in an ongoing war, sending military troops for combat in many areas throughout the globe. Due to the ongoing events overseas, troops are subject to serve multiple tours, forcing some to return to combat shortly after their arrival back to the United States. After arriving home from their served tours, military troops often find themselves in a constant battle with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Post-Traumatic Stress disorder (PTSD), is an anxiety disorder resulting from a life threatening traumatic event.
In this essay, the author
- Explains the purpose of this study, which is to identify the reasons troops suffer from ptsd and the methods the military, va, and community-based treatment facilities are using to diminish the effects.
- Explains the purpose of this study, which is to identify the reasons troops suffer from ptsd and the methods the military, va, and community-based treatment facilities are using to diminish the effects.
- Describes cesur, sabia, j.j., tekin, e. the psychological costs of war: military combat and summary
- Explains sharpless, b. a., and barber, j. p. (2011), a clinician's guide to ptsd treatments for returning.
- Explains that military troops suffer from ptsd due to traumatic exposure during combat and sexual assault.
- Explains that the military, va, and community-based treatment facilities are using psychopharmacology and psychotherapy to help troops with ptsd.
1335 wordsRead More - Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Causes Symptoms and Effectsexplanatory essay78, 921. Seventy eight thousand, nine hundred and twenty one. This is the number of soldiers wounded or killed in action, received an amputation, or suffered from a Traumatic Brain Injury during Operation Iraqi Freedom or Operation Enduring Freedom. What this number does not include are the 39,365 cases of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (more commonly known as PTSD). (Department 2009) Although we usually think of war injuries as being physical, one of the most common war injuries is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and the effects can be devastating to a redeploying soldier who has come in contact with severely traumatic experiences.
In this essay, the author
- Lists the number of soldiers wounded or killed in action, received an amputation, or suffered from traumatic brain injury during operation iraqi freedom or enduring freedom.
- Explains that ptsd is an anxiety disorder in which patients who have experienced frightening, threatening, or traumatic situations show signs of avoidance and hyper arousal. the dsm iv catalogs all psychological illnesses and provides symptoms and definitions to diagnose disorders.
- Explains that ptsd has many causes, all surrounding the broader category of traumatic experiences. it can occur in accident and disaster survivors, and sexual assault victims.
- Explains that ptsd could be a possible cause of the disease. people with the disorder show changes in moods and behaviors, including intense anger or irritability.
- Explains that it is important to talk about the internal symptoms of the disorder after explaining the outward signs. the most common symptom is a persistent reexperience of traumatic event causing problems with sleep.
- Opines that post-traumatic stress disorder is prevalent in the military, and that something needs to be done.
- Explains that treatment is tricky in any psychological disorder. many people do not believe psychological disorders exist, but they must be viewed as an illness of the brain, not a concocted means for attention.
- Explains that psychotherapy has many sub-categories that differ depending on the clinical perspective of the practicing psychologist.
- Explains that research continues to be done in hopes of decreasing the number of soldiers suffering from the horrible disorder. brain imaging, and gene studies are trying to pinpoint the cause of the disease and who is most at risk.
- Opines that post-traumatic stress disorder is becoming more prominent among the armed forces that protect this country. the way we treat our veterans is unacceptable, and efforts need to be made sooner rather than later.
- Cites the department of defense's report rs21578, iraq: u.s. casualties, by susan g. chesser.
- Explains myers, david g. psychology. 7th ed. new york: worth, 2004.
- Describes the causes, symptoms, treatment and diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (ptsd) by medicine net, inc.
- Describes mayo clinic medical information and tools for healthy living for post-traumatic stress disorder.
1395 wordsRead More - PTSD: The Pandemic Affecting Soldiersexplanatory essay"Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)." NIMH RSS. National Institute of Mental Health, n.d. Web. 08 May 2014.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that steven e ambrose, author of band of brothers, said it best when he wrote, "we know how to win wars. we must learn now to win peace."
- Explains the origins of the term "shell shock" — it was created in 1915 by charles myers to describe soldiers suffering from involuntary shivering, crying, fearfulness, and constant intrusion of memory.
- Explains that shell shock, or "soldier's heart," had become a serious medical and military problem during wwi. the british army called in doctor charles s. myers as consulting psychologist to the british expeditionary force.
- Explains that post-traumatic stress disorder (ptsd) can occur from a variety of traumatic incidents, such as mugging, rape, torture, being kidnapped or held captive, child abuse, car accidents, train wrecks, plane crashes, bombings and natural disasters.
- Opines that funding should be provided to the va hospitals to help veterans with ptsd, as suicide rates for veterans are staggering.
- States that epstein, jack, and johnny miller, "u.s. wars and post-traumatic stress disorder." sfgate. san francisco gate, 22 june 2005.
1051 wordsRead More - Overview of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)analytical essayKuhne, Arthur, Elizabeth Baraga, and John Czekala. "Completeness and Internal Consistency of DSM-III Criteria for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder." Journal of Clinical Psychology 44.5 (1988): 717-22. Print.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that trauma and stress have been part of the human condition since we evolved as a species. however, individuals who develop posttraumatic stress disorder may continue to feel tormented when they are no longer in danger.
- Explains that the apa added ptsd to the third edition of its diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (dsm-iii).
- Analyzes how max klein survived a plane crash that killed almost everyone on board, including his friend and business partner. he disassociated his fears and encapsulated them in an unconscious compartment.
- Recommends this film as an example of ptsd, but not necessarily as a “must watch.”
- Explains that the dsm-v was revised to the diagnostic criteria of ptsd. the criterion requires being explicit as to whether qualifying traumatic events were directly, witnessed, or experienced indirectly.
- Explains that up to 92% of people with ptsd also have another psychological disorder, such as depression, other anxiety disorders, or substance abuse.
- Explains that ptsd runs in families, and genetics play a role in the development of anxiety disorders. the concordance rate is twice as high for monozygotic twins.
- Explains that ptsd is associated with the depletion of serotonin in the neural synapses. medications such as prozac, luvox, and zoloft are the choice for anxiety disorders.
- Opines that the film did a great job of portraying ptsd, stating that it is misleading to portray an ‘off switch’ cure.
- Analyzes how the moments that held the most impact were when max spoke about his death or already being dead.
- Explains balibey, hakan, and adem balikci's "travma sonras stres bozukluu tanl hastada göz hareketleri le
- Explains the history of post-traumatic stress disorder in the british journal of psychiatry.
1821 wordsRead More - What´s Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder?analytical essayWhat is PTSD? Post-Traumatic Stress Di-sorder is a syndrome exp-erienced by many veter-ans, and is a priority of a plethora of psychological researchers. The Diag-nostic and Statistical Man-ual of Mental disorders lis-ts eight criterion for this widespread mental dis-ease, including a stressor, meddling symptoms, ev-asion, amendments in provocation and react-ivity, and a duration of symptoms for more than a month. PTSD is often characterized by disrupt-ions in sleep patterns, with the traumatic event fre-quently popping up in the veterans’ nightmares.
In this essay, the author
- Explains rosen's study, focused on the root cause of ptsd, showed that stress (major anxiety or nightmares) shown by soldiers before deployment lessened or deliquesced in 13% of soldiers.
- Explains that post-traumatic stress disorder is a priority of psychological researchers. ptsd is often characterized by disruptions in sleep patterns and ambiguous aspects.
- Explains that anxiety and depression are often misdiagnosed as ptsd. since the vietnam war, the occurrence and diagnosis has skyrocketed.
- Explains that a magnetoenceph-elography (meg) could be the first of its kind to purvey biological evidence of ptsd in patients.
- Analyzes how rosen's study uncovered a hidden truth behind ptsd. though the dsm requires the experience of traumatic events, it can be found in many forms and is yet to be fully understood.
846 wordsRead More