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However, fight or flight is not always executed perfectly post-traumatic stress disorder can develop as a result of improper execution of the fight or flight response (Tull, p. 1, 2014). Post-traumatic stress disorder, abbreviated as PTSD, is a mental illness. Post-traumatic stress disorder was first added to the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychological Association, DSM, in 1980. The knowledge was limited as to what were the causes of this illness. In the third edition of the DSM it was defined to be, “caused by a traumatic event,” (Rothschild, p. 1, 1998).
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