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A 45-year old male is diagnosed with pernicious anemia. the most likely cause of the condition is
Pernicious anemia under microscope
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Recommended: A 45-year old male is diagnosed with pernicious anemia. the most likely cause of the condition is
Pernicious anemia (PA) is an autoimmune disease that destroys the body’s stomach cells, mainly the fundus of the stomach thereby causing hematologic, neurologic, gastrointestinal and psychiatric abnormalities. PA is difficult to diagnosis due to it slow onset and progressive severity over a 20-30 years period causing undiagnosed persons to adjust to certain symptoms like hypoxia, palpitations, dizziness and fatigue. Furthermore, neurologic signs and symptoms like paresthesia and ataxia are the usual reason medical attention is sought, additionally paresthesia and ataxia that are cause by PA can not be reversed after being present for more than 6 months. Therefore Deb’s NP should ask about paresthesia and ataxia and begin treatment as soon as possible (Mennella & Pravikoff, 2016). …show more content…
Therefore, one of the treatment goals of PA is to resolve the deficiency in vitamin B12 and patients that are lacking intrinsic factor that binds with dietary vitamin B12 are prescribed B12 intramuscular(IM) (Mennella & Pravikoff, 2016)..
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is the size of the average red blood (80 to 100 femtoliter) and is known as macrocytic anemia when it is above normal due to chemotherapy, low folate or B12, while mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) is the amount of hemoglobin in red blood cell (27 to 31 picograms/cell) and is known as normocytic anemia due to sudden blood loss, kidney failure, long-term diseases, man made heart valve or aplastic anemia(Martin, 2016). Macrocytic-normochromic anemia is an anemia with high MCV and normal MCH (McCance & Huether,
b) Comprehensive diagnostic chemistry panel with significantly increased amylase (1626 with normal being 300-1100 U/L), total
Sickle Cell Anemia is an autosomal recessive disorder, which increases blood thickness hence affects the smooth flow of blood. This causes by the destruction of red cells where the normal shape of red cell become a stiff sickle shape. As a result, sufficient oxygen does not reach the vital organs. A vaso-occlusive crisis arises from hindrance of blood circulation by sickled blood cells. It is characterized by sturdy pains and in some cases; it may cause permanent organ damage. This paper seeks to formulate a nursing diagnosis, as well as a plan of care that includes nursing interventions and the methods to be used to evaluate whether the interventions are successful (American Sickle Cell Anemia Association).
...levels. Although some patients cannot tolerate B12, there are B12 injection preparations for this purpose.
TnI rather than TnT as it was found that the first generation assays had crossreactivity
Breast cancer is the second leading cancer to cause death in women. A combination of factors contributes to the etiology of breast cancer, such as genetic and environmental dynamics [ACS, 2014]. One particular area of interest is the study of metalloestrogens, which are inorganic compounds that can bind to the estrogen receptor and mimic the biological functions of estrogen in breast cancer cells. Arsenic is one such metalloestrogen and has been classified as carcinogenic to humans [IARC]. Studies in humans have shown that long-term exposure to arsenic is associated with bladder, kidney, lung and liver cancers [1,2,3]. Arsenic exposure has also been correlated with an increase in the incidence of breast cancer [4]. People can be exposed to arsenic in different settings such as in the workplace, in drinking water or from medical treatments. Through these methods of exposure, various mechanisms of internalization can take place through inhalation, ingestion, or through skin contact. We hypothesize that prolonged arsenic exposure results in the expression of genes that promote breast cancer progression. In this study, we propose to investigate the effect of prolonged arsenic exposure on gene expression, by comparing the global gene expression of a breast cancer cell line that has been chronically exposed to low-dose arsenic with that of a control cell line. Genes found to be differentially expressed in arsenic adapted cells will be examined further. We also aim to extend our understanding of the direct effect of arsenic, by studying the signal pathway that results in gene expression when arsenic binds to the estrogen receptor.
Medications and other conditions, such as uremia, should be considered before embarking on an extensive workup. The starting point of the laboratory evaluation is a basic coagulation panel including a platelet count, PT and PTT. The peripheral blood smear should be reviewed for the presence of schistocytes, as seen in DIC and other micro -angiopathic hemolytic anemia’s. If the history suggests a qualitative platelet type bleeding disorder, platelet aggregation studies can be performed. In the case of vWD, the platelet aggregation studies will likely show decreased aggregation with Ristocetin. VWD can be confirmed by evaluation of vWF multimers; this can also assist in subclassifying the type of
One of the main issues is that patients tend to suffer from anosognosia. Anosognosia is a condition in
Yearly, around six hundred to nine hundred people are diagnosed with Aplastic Anemia within the United States. Aplastic Anemia is a autoimmune hematological disorder that causes pancytopenia which is a reduction in major blood components, namely, erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets. This disease has been labelled as a type of bone marrow failure, that is often due to not one but a variety of disorders that occur simultaneously. Aplastic Anemia can therefore be defined as a bone marrow disorder that is often rare, non contagious, and can often be life threatening.
Red blood cell indices:(mean corpuscular volume [MCV], mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration [MCHC]
Tuberculosis is an infection caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, an acid-fast Gram-positive bacillus, and “is characterized by progressive necrosis of the lung tissue” (Tamaro & Lewis, 2005). Tuberculosis is caused by many debilitating conditions like immunosuppression and chronic lung disease, among others. Nevertheless, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), remains the leading cause of tuberculosis worldwide. Tuberculosis can present in one of two types: active tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis. Prompt treatment prevents latent tuberculosis from evolving into active tuberculosis. (“Basic TB Facts,” 2012).
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders which is characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency or resistance or both reasons. (1) According to that diabetes mellitus can be divided as type I and type II. This is common and its incidence is rising, 171 million people had diabetes in 2000 it is expected this condition to be doubled in 2030. It is spread in all the countries and therefore has become a major burden upon healthcare facilities. (2)
There are numerous public health problems that can be addressed in my Southside of Chicago community. Among the several public health problems facing my Southside of Chicago community there are two that are more urgent. Health education or one might say lack thereof is a problem that needs to be addressed. My community is plagued with many of the residents suffering from high blood pressure, diabetes, and the killer virus known as HIV. In most cases these conditions can be prevented with healthier lifestyles and access to nutritious organic foods. In addition, environmental health is another urgent problem my community is facing. Access to clean, safe water and air is supposed to be a fundamental human right aimed at a healthy environment. Yet, my community consists a waste contaminated beach, numerous deteriorated building that are still occupied, and a countless number of restaurant and stores supplying our residents with services that are endangering their health.
Discuss micronutrient deficiency in the developing world and why it is economically feasible to conduct widespread supplementation.
Vitamin A deficiency is a major problem in less economically developed countries (Figure 1).This is affecting mainly young children as around 250 million preschool children are vitamin A deficient. Pregnant women are also mainly affected. This is due to limited access to foods containing vitamin A as a result of poverty and something needs to be done about it. In humans it is important that we get the nutrients we need to function properly and efficiently however, not all people are receiving the nutrients they need, specifically vitamin A. Vitamin A is vital to humans as it promotes things like good eye health, resistance to infections , regular metabolism and tissue growth .Vitamin A can be found in fruits and vegetables (provitamin A) for example in apricots, oranges, carrots, and broccoli. Also it is found in dairy foods like cheese or in eggs, meat, poultry or fish (preformed vitamin A) . A lack of vitamin A thus can lead to serious health consequences such as Xerophthalmia which is an eye disease that in its severity can result in permanent blindness which could have been prevented.
...ive you information about the hemoglobin content and size of red blood cells. Abnormal values indicate that anemia is presence and what kind of anemia it is. The red blood cell indices measure the shape, size and physical characteristics of the red blood cells. There are three red blood cell indices which are mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular volume. Mean platelet volume is a machine calculated measurement of the average size of platelets found in blood and is typically included in blood test as part of the complete blood count. The volume of the platelets is calculated in femtoliter which ranges in between 7.5 fL to 11.5 fL. The blood differential test measures the percentage of every type of white blood cell that you have in your blood. It also reveals if there are any immature or abnormal cells.