The intervention that I chose for this assignment is Parent-Child Interaction Therapy. The intention of article that I examined, as it related to Parent-Child Interaction Therapy, was to “examine Parent-Child Interaction Therapy’s effectiveness for increasing positive parenting skills, reducing children’s behavior problems, reducing parents’ stress, and improving the parent-child relationship with a sample of children typically considered in need of attachment-focused treatment.” (Allen, Timmer, Urquiza, 2014, pg. 334). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy is an intervention “founded on social learning, behavioral, and attachment theories” (Allen, Timmer, Urquiza, 2014, pg. 336). In addition, PCIT is an assessment driven model that uses play therapy …show more content…
According to the CBCL, there were significant improvements in internalizing, externalizing, and total problems. Furthermore, the ECBI showed significant improvements in the intensity and number of behavior problems that occurred. (Allen, Timmer, Urquiza, 2014). In addition, according to the ECBI pre-test “65% of adoptive parents reported that child behavioral problems in the clinical range” (Allen, Timmer, Urquiza, 2014, pg. 339). Post-treatment, the ECBI indicated that only “26% of children were reported as having clinical levels of behavior problems” (Allen, Timmer, Urquiza, 2014, pg. 339). As well as changes in child behavior, changes in parenting behavior were also measured pre and post PCIT. According to analysis of the Dyadic Parent-Child Interaction Coding System, there were “significant increases in verbalizations communicating positive attention and strong significant decreases in discouraged verbalizations” (Allen, Timmer, Urquiza, 2014, pg. 339). Finally, the last measure analyzed pre and post PCIT was stress related to the parent role. Significant improvements were shown in “parental distress, parent-child dysfunctional relationship, difficult child, and total stress scales” (Allen, Timmer, Urquiza, 2014, pg.
This study looked at the therapeutic relationship and its influence in the process of Child-centered play therapy (CCPT). An exploratory single subject quantitative-qualitative design was used to examine therapist relational variables and their associations with changes in children’s behavior in CCPT (Hilliard, 1993; Jordans, Komproe, Tol, Nsereko, & De Jong, 2013). Specifically, we examined changes in levels of therapist process variables and their corresponding relationships with changes in children’s behaviors within and between cases to better understand therapeutic processes that impact child behavior, as well as the therapeutic relationship.
The attachment theory helps to examine who we form relationships with, why these relationships work or fail, and how the relationships help to develop us in adolescence and on to adulthood. Mary Ainsworth stated a child/infant needed a secure base from where they could explore the world (Bretheron, 1992). Ainsworth stated a secure base is an emotional rich environment (1963). She also formulated the ideal of maternal instincts allow the mother to meet the infants need and with that ability, the infant-mother attachment is solidified. Ainsworth methodology made it possible to test and empirically prove attachment theory (Bretheron, 1992). The attachment theory highlights the importance of a secure base, infants and young
Wehrman, J. D., & Field, J. E. (2013). Play-Based Activities in Family Counseling. American Journal of Family Therapy, 41(4), 341-352. doi:10.1080/01926187.2012.704838
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) is a relatively new behavioral therapy method for children with severe behavior issues (Niec, 2005). It was developed in 1988 by Sheila Eyberg (Duffy, 2009). Although there are many child therapies that focus on increasing prosocial behaviors and eliminating asocial behaviors, PCIT is unique in that it focuses on developing mutual parent and child skills in the relationship—both must work diligently for the desire outcome(s). There are 8 to 12 total sessions and recommended booster sessions after at one month, three month, six month, and one year intervals. The therapy focuses on play therapy and disciplinary sessions with the parent and child together (Saunders, 1997). The therapist will coach the parent
Purvis, Karyn, David Cross, and Jacquelyn Pennings. "Truth-based relational intervention: interactive principles for adopted children with social-emotional needs." Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education and development 2009: 3-20. Print.
The first topic that came up in the interview relates to idea of attachment theory. Attachment theory explains the human’s way of relating to a caregiver and receives an attachment figures relating to the parent, and children. In addition, the concept explains the confidence and ability for a child to free explore their environment with a place to seek support, protection, and comfort in times of distress (Levy, Ellison, Scott, and Bernecker, 2010, p. 193). Within attachment theory explains different types of attachment styles that children experience during early childhood. These attachment styles affect the relationships they continue to build in adulthood. The best attachment style happens when the parent is attuned to the child during his or her early childhood called secure attachment (Reyes, 2010, p. 174). In order for complete secure attachment, the child needs to feel safe, seen, and soothed. Any relationship that deviates from this model represents the anxious or insecure attachment. This means that parents or caregivers are inconsistently responsive to the children. Children who have these parents are usually confused and insecure. Some children experience a dismissive attachment where they
Hajal, F., & Rosenberg, E. (1991). The Family Life Cycle in Adoptive Families. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 61(1), 78-85.
Parents and their parenting style play an important role in the development of their child. In fact, many child experts suggest that parenting style can affect a child’s social, cognitive, and psychological development which influence not just their childhood years, but it will also extend throughout their adult life. This is because a child’s development takes place through a number of stimuli, interaction, and exchanges that surround him or her. And since parents are generally a fixed presence in a child’s life, they will likely have a significant part on the child’s positive or negative development (Gur 25).
Barth, R., Crea, T., John, K., Thoburn, J. & Quinton, D. (2005). Beyond attachment theory and therapy: Towards sensitive and evidence-based interventions with foster and adoptive families in distress. Child and Family Social Work, 10, 257-268.
Both types of therapies had the specific elements that PCIT wanted to convey. One element was an emotional calm that play therapy produced in work with children. However, the calm play that the therapist and child do inside session, is far from the relationship that the parent and child may have outside therapy. By training the child’s parent to provide behavior therapy, enables treatment benefits to be longer-lasting. The use of play therapy in parent-child interaction strengthens the parent-child attachment and provides the child greater exposure to the calming therapy with their own parent. However, play therapy is not the only appropriate intervention when it comes to disciplining children. Parents get the skills need to deal with the behavioral issues by the live parent training, for setting limits and drawing back from tough discipline (Funderburk,
This assignment will examine an eight year old child who has started to display aggressive outbursts since the discovery of his/her parents’ divorce. This will include the therapeutic approach, techniques and activities I will use as well as the play therapy principles that I will be using. Finally, I will
The term “play therapy” refers to caring and helping interventions with children that employ play techniques within the context of a helping relationships. (Webb 2011, p156). Play therapy is implemented as a treatment of choice in mental health, school, agency, developmental, hospital, residential, and recreational settings, with clients of all ages (Carmichael, 2006; Reddy, Files-Hall, & Schaefer, 2005). Play therapy has been proven to be highly effective for children experiencing social, emotional, behavioral and learning problems. In this work I will dissect the term play therapy and it's origin.
One of the main reasons parents usually seek therapy is due to the recognition of a problem that is affecting the quality of life of their family. For the same reason, there are two forms of therapy that offer great benefits when treating children. The first approach is play therapy. This model of therapy helps to resolve the problem addressing children issues in a natural way (Lilly, O’Connor, krull, Shaefer, Landreth & Pehrsson, n.d.). Therapists can learn about the children and the type of relationships they have with the people around them through play.
“Attachment is as essential for the child’s psychological well-being as food is for physical health,” claimed Bowlby, B (2001, p.54). Bowlby claimed in this statement that attachment is a necessary thing that a child needs in order to develop healthily. There is evidence from other theorists who support Bowlby’s theory of attachment, such as Harlow, whose approach is based upon a caregiver’s sensitivity and attachment. Ainsworth is another theorist whose research supports Bowlby’s theory of attachment. In her strange situation study, she tested for the attachment types and what effects they had on a child’s behaviour.
The parents want to provide everything they can for their child to live a healthy life both physically and mentally. Play therapy can help a child communicate in a unique way rather than