America was a very different nation during the year of 1819. Alabama joined the Union this year making 22 states in America. The U.S House of Representatives passed a very controversial, Tallmadge amendment. The amendment stated that there were to be no more slaves brought into Missouri. It also said that any child born from a slave in Missouri would be free after the age of 25. The South saw this amendment as a threat, and was very against it. This issue was settled in 1820 by the Missouri Compromise, which regulated the boundary between slave states and free states. Missouri was entered as a slave state and Maine was determined a free state. After the war of 1812, America was deep in debt. This would cause the first financial crisis in America’s history. This crisis was known as the panic of 1819. America was in debt to Britain for their assistance in the War of 1812. This crisis lasted 5 years, not ending until 1824. The banks were …show more content…
Maryland, involved a bank manager and the state of Maryland. Maryland was trying to tax all banks not registered with a state. They wanted these banks to either use stamped paper or pay taxes to Maryland. James McCulloch, a bank manager of the 2nd National bank of Maryland, refused annual tax. He was convicted, and he appealed which led to the Supreme Court. John Marshall and the other 6 justices all ruled in McCulloch’s favor. This was the first case involving the powers of the Federal government. The decision was fueled by the fact that the Federal government had powers not specifically stated in the constitution (implied powers). I feel that the result of this court case strengthened the Federal government. It puts an emphasis on the implied powers of the Federal government and started the decline of the States powers. The powers are divided by the idea of federalism but I feel there is still an unbalance today. The case was very supportive of the powers of Congress and how far they
In the controversial court case, McCulloch v. Maryland, Chief Justice John Marshall’s verdict gave Congress the implied powers to carry out any laws they deemed to be “necessary and proper” to the state of the Union. In this 1819 court case, the state of Maryland tried to sue James McCulloch, a cashier at the Second Bank of the United States, for opening a branch in Baltimore. McCulloch refused to pay the tax and therefore the issue was brought before the courts; the decision would therefore change the way Americans viewed the Constitution to this day.
The Missouri Compromise was a law passed in 1820 to allow Missouri, a slave owning state, and Maine, a free state, to become a part of the United States. This law had prohibited slavery in the Louisiana Territory, with Missouri as an exception. This law was deemed necessary by the North in order to preserve the unstable balance between the Free and Slave states. Though this does not seem like it would affect history that much, aside from adding to the land of the U.S., this law, or rather the repeal of this law, would only cause the North and South to drift further apart causing a feud that would eventually lead up to the Civil War. In 1817, the Territory of Missouri applied for statehood, which was considered by Congress in 1819.
First, the Missouri Compromise of 1820 established the slavery line that allowed slavery below it and forbid slavery above it. It also gave the South another slave state in Missouri and the north a free state in Maine. Although each region gained a state in the Senate, the south benefited most from the acquisition because Missouri was in such a pivotal position in the country, right on the border. Later on with the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854, Missouri had a big role in getting Kansas to vote south because many proslavery Missourians crossed the border into Kansas to vote slavery. The Missouri Compromise also helped slavery because the line that was formed to limit slavery had more land below the line than above it. Therefore, slavery was given more land to be slave and therefore more power in the Senate, when the territories became state. In effect, the north got the short end of the stick and the south was given the first hint of being able to push around the north. The interesting thing is, the north agreed to all these provisions that would clearly benefit the south.
The Panic of 1893 was one of the most grim and profound problems that plagued America at the end of the 19th century. The financial catastrophe began in May of 1893 when two companies – The Philadelphia and Reading Railroad and The Cordage Company declared bankruptcy after failing to fulfill payments on their loans. The joint financial failures of the companies sparked a crash in the stock market. This served as a catalyst for a surge of bank failures because many New York banks were big investors in the Stock Market. The financial disaster began in New York and soon permeated its way throughout the country. Over a six-month period, over 8,000 businesses, 156 railroads, 400 banks failed, and 20% of Americans were unemployed By July of 1893, there was massive unemployment in factories and extensive wage cuts....
Federal supremacy was also finally solidified by this case. New York said that the Federal Coasting license that Thomas Gibbons had was useless in New York waters. Thus this sets-up the great issue of the day state gov't v. federal gov't. But as New York and the rest of the United States finally gets into it's head that the Constitution is the law of the land and that in Article IV, it states that "federal laws supersedes state laws"
Mortgages had foreclosed and agricultural prices fell by almost one half. Investments collapsed and price in land dropped. The drop lead to land speculation and the expansion of banks and the Second Bank of the United States. Export of agricultural goods and Import of manufactured goods increased. Their was widespread foreclosures and bank failures. All of these events ultimately lead to The Panic of 1819.
In the beginning of the 1830s, the United States experienced a short period of expansion and a prosperous economy. Land sales, new taxes, such as the Tariff of 1833, and the newly constructed railroads brought a lot of money into the government’s possession; never before in the history of the country had the government experienced a surplus in its national bank. By 1835, the government was able to accumulate enough money to pay off its national debt. Much of the country was happy with this newly accumulated wealth, but President Jackson, before leaving office in 1836, issued what is called a Specie Circular. Many local and state governments liked to save specie, or gold and silver, and use paper money to take care of transactions. President Jackson, in his Specie Circular, said that the Treasury was no longer allowed to accept paper money as payment for the sales of land and the like. Most, if not all, of the country did not like this, and as a result many banks restricted credit and discontinued the loans. The effects of Jackson’s Specie Circular took effect in 1837, when Martin van Buren became president. All investors became scared, and in 1837, attempted to withdraw all of their money at once. Soon after this, unemployment and riots occurred in many cities, and the continued expansion of the railroad ceased to be.
In 1819 Missouri requested to join the United States as a slave state. This caused the beginning of a division between the people, and offices, of America. This division was a result of the issue of slavery, and a fear that the delicate balance between states that allowed slavery and states that did not allow slavery would be broken. Half of the country believed slavery was fine, and half believed it was wrong. In an attempt to keep peace between the South and the North, the Missouri Compromise was passed. The compromise would allow Missouri to enter the union as a slave state, and Maine as a free state; keeping the number of states pro-slavery and anti-slavery even. However, the compromise did not accomplish everything that congress had hoped. The Missouri Compromise was a poor attempt to end the dispute over slavery in America because it did not please the Southern or Northern states, was unconstitutional, and contributed to the civil war.
Correspondly, the senate passed the Missouri Compromise in February 1820, which allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state and Maine to enter as a free state, making the free and slave states balanced once again. Another amendment was passed to prohibit slavery in the rest of the Louisiana Purchase north of the southern border of Missouri. This event envisioned a possible threat to the relationship between the North and South. Moreover, the United States began to believe in a manifest destiny, a god-given right to expand its territory until it had absorbed all of North America, including Canada and Mexico.... ...
Overall, the ruling in this case was a perfect interpretation of the Constitution. Despite opposition claiming that it is not addressed in the Constitution, too few rights are ever addressed in the Constitution of the United States. That is why there is a thing called Judicial Review. By utilizing judicial review, the interpreters of the law –Supreme Court, may make changes to policies and laws. Abortion, medicinal marijuana, and marriage fall under the umbrella of Equal Protection since they correspond to the rights and liberties of US citizens.
The panic of 1819 was the first major financial crisis in the United States. The primary causes of the misery seems to have been a change toward more conservative credit policies by the Second Bank of the United States. People reacted differently depending on where you lived. Northern Manufacturers thought future downturn could be prevented by enacting high tariffs that would protect them from competition. However, southerners resented the higher prices they had to pay for imports because of the tariff and began a long campaign against those duties. Westerners blamed the bankers and speculators. A sharp decline in the value of American export commodities, especially wheat, made the country as a whole much poorer, and exacerbated the monetary
Due to the way President James Monroe handled the situation of the Panic of 1819,
Congress was put in a tough position when Missouri applied for statehood, for they couldn’t have an uneven number of states. If they didn’t have an even number, they would have to come up with another idea to make slave states and free states equal, such as adding a state or neutralizing an existing slave state. Instead of making one of the existing twenty-two states neutral to slavery they accepted Maine as free state. The acceptance of Maine as it’s own state did not occur until 1820, but the addition of it did even the amount of slave states and free states to twelve and twelve. The Missouri Compromise did not only ban slavery from Maine and allow s...
As the country began to grow and expand we continued to see disagreements between the North and South; the Missouri Territory applied for statehood; the South wanted them admitted as a slave state and the North as a free state. Henry Clay eventually came up with the Missouri Compromise, making Missouri a slave state and making Maine it’s own state, entering the union as a free state. After this compromise, any state admitted to the union south of the 36° 30’ latitude would be a slave state and a state north of it would be free. The country was very much sectionalized during this time. Thomas Jefferson felt this was a threat to the Union.
The United States of America was a place of great debate over slavery following the Revolutionary War. There was a tension rising between the free states and the slave states. Whether a state was a free state or a slave state was determined by the Missouri Compromise of 18201, which was later appealed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 18542. The tensions would only get worse after the election of 18603.