Psychology 301 – Fall, 1998
Test 1 – Pennebaker
On your Scantron form, be sure and enter your name and Social Security number, including bubbling the corresponding letters and digits. Also, enter the Form Letter in the appropriate location on your answer sheet.
Anna is trying to get directions to a party across town. Who should she ask for directions, and what would those directions be like if she asked that person?
a. Darla; using lots of landmarks
b. Josh; using lots of landmarks
c. Fred; using distances and directions
d. Susan; using distances and directions
e. none of these would work – Anna should take a cab.
Joe Bob has a major fear of pogo sticks (pogophobia). Assuming that this fear is the result of classical conditioning, which of the following would most likely have been the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) for his fear?
a. a pogo stick in his childhood
b. pain
c. being beaten up by the school bully
d. a food with a sweet flavor (for example, ice cream)
e. the awareness of his own death
Your friend Katie hears that you are taking an Intro Psychology course, and asks you for help in keeping her son interested in school. Using what you’ve learned about Instrumental Conditioning, how can Katie reward him for good grades and have him stay interested once she stops paying him?
a. give him $5 for every ‘A’ he gets
b. give him $5 for the occasional ‘A’
c. get him to associate school with homework
d. give him to John Watson to train
e. any of these would work
The Gibsonian approach to perception would say that our ability to recognize the face of an old friend would depend on:
a. the facial recognition cells in the cortex
b. the amount of light that reflects off of...
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...for medical students to be convinced they have the diseases they are studying. This is best explained by:
a. schemas and selective search
b. psychophysics
c. competition of cues
d. proactive inhibition
e. parental investment theory
Fred and Wilma have been married for 10 years. According to parental investment theory, Fred is most likely to be upset if Wilma
a. falls in love with another man
b. stops cooking the meals
c. gets a job
d. has sex with another man
e. donates money to charity
What is the major difference between Darwin’s view of evolution and E.O. Wilson’s sociobiological view of evolution?
a. Darwin was wrong
b. Wilson was wrong
c. Wilson argues that evolution takes place on the group level
d. Darwin placed more emphasis on sexual behavior
e. Darwin’s theory was better able to explain altruistic behavior
Who suggested that “we feel sorry because we cry . . . afraid because we tremble”?
The bystander effect refers to the tendency for an observer of an emergency to withhold aid if the:
3. Lexi and Petri are identical twins who were separated at birth and grew up with very different families. Lexi is a skilled student who has three close friends and a loving boyfriend. Her adoptive family had difficulties accepting her when she was an infant and never really appreciated her until she reached puberty. Petri is also a good student and is very well liked in her sorority. Her adoptive family adored Petri until the family dissolved in a messy divorce when Petri was 16. Based on the core model of personality, who probably has higher self esteem, Lexi or Petri?
Chapter 4 discusses the several states of consciousness: the nature of consciousness, sleep and dreams, psychoactive drugs, hypnosis, and meditation. Consciousness is a crucial part of human experience, it represents that private inner mind where we think, feel, plan, wish, pray, omagine, and quietly relive experiences. William James described the mind as a stream of consciousness, a continuous flow of changing sensations, images thoughts, and feelings. Consciousness has two major parts: awareness and arousal. Awareness includes the awareness of the self and thoughts about one's experiences. Arousal is the physiological state of being engaged with the environment. Theory of mind refers to individuals understanding that they and others think,
conditioned fear that does not involve oedipal complexes or displacement. The theory of classical conditioning says that phobias are the result of learned associations of neutral stimuli and frightening events. This also demonstrates why an individual might have a phobia of guns after being shot by one.
to the disease. Many people who knew nothing about medicine used this as an opportunity to get
Buddha, Confucius, and other lesser known Hebrew scholars philosophized on the mind in an expansive sense.
3. After her last drinking spree, Karen hid a half-empty liquor bottle. She couldn't remember where she hid it until she started drinking again. Karen's pattern of recall best illustrates:
n hypothesis of the experiment is that the group containing four members will perform better than the group containing two members. This is the foundation from which we have conducted our experiment.
Stage 3: After Conditioning. Now the conditioned stimulus (CS) has been associated with the unconditioned stimulus (US) to create a new conditioned response (CR).” (McLoed. 2008)
The unconditioned stimulus is the old spicy guy. It is when unconditioned stimulus triggers a response. When women see their commercial it sends a feeling of arousal, which lead to conditioned stimulus of desiring the product. The conditioned stimulus would be the old spice product because that is the kind of stimulus that is occasion for a conditioned response, which is advertisement and response campaign. Unconditioned response would be desire for one’s significant other to look and smell like the old spice guy. That would be unconditioned response because the behavior is natural, a...
In second grade I was apart of a wild classroom. Their was a lot of chaos from all the young children. My teacher struggled to get everyone on task and to complete our work. After some time my teacher decided to make up a reward system (positive reinforcement). The children in the classroom were able to earn tickets for doing their homework, being respectful, and many other things. We were able to save these tickets and cash them in on fridays for treats, toys, or even sometimes extra recess. The teacher had a separate system for when we misbehaved. There were 3 colors you could earn everyday. If you weren’t on task, out of your seat, or just being disruptive she would change your color from green to yellow. If it happened again you got a red card and lost your tickets you earned for that day. This is a perfect example of positive punishment. It gave each child an opportunity to earn tickets for good behavior, and a warning system with the cards that possibly would lead to losing your earned tickets. Our teacher was using operant conditioning to produce a change in our
Therefore, a human or animal will forget about the old stimulus and become attached to the new stimulus. The terms: Unconditioned Stimulus, Unconditioned Response, Neutral Stimulus, Conditioned Stimulus, and Conditioned Response are key when explaining the process of Classical Conditioning. A Unconditioned Stimulus is when a stimulus will lead to a natural response without any training needed. A Unconditioned Response is a natural and automatic response brought up by the Unconditioned Stimulus. A Neutral Stimulus is when something elicits no response at first. For example, a specific object will have no meaning before the experiment but once the experiment is undergo, the object will take on a different role than before. A Conditioned Stimulus is a stimulus that at first had no meaning, but when associated with the Unconditioned Stimulus it will eventually generate a Conditioned Response. A Conditioned Response will cause a natural and automatic response towards the Neutral Stimulus because the person was trained to react that
Bio-Psychologists study the principles of biology as it relates to the comprehension of psychology in the field neuroscience that underlies ones emotions, ideology, and actions (Brittanica). Based upon the conduction of research, the relationship between the brain and ones behavior extends to the physiological process in one’s intellect. Scientists are cognizant that neurotransmitters function as a significant role in mood regulation and other aspects of psychological problems including depression and anxiety. A biological perspective are relevant to psychology in three techniques including: the comparative method, physiology, and the investigation of inheritance (Saul Mc. Leod).
Classical conditioning is a technique of learning that occurs when an unconditional stimulus is paired with a conditional stimulus. The unconditional stimulus is biologically potent, the conditional stimulus is neutral (Kalat, 2011). Example of each is taste of food and sound of tuning fork respectively. After repeated pairing, the organism exhibits a conditional response to the conditional stimulus. The conditional response is similar to the unconditioned response though it is relatively impermanent and is acquired through experience (Kalat, 2011).