Throughout history, instances of sexual deviance have been occurring around the world. With the advancement of research methodologies and technology, society has increasingly prioritized the identification and apprehension of sexual predators. Consequently, sexual violence and sexual crimes have become a focal point of interest for students, educators, and scholars alike. Crucial to safeguarding communities, studying and analyzing sexual violence, the offenders, and the creation of offender typologies have become essential components of the criminal justice system. When examining the inconsistencies between sexual violence and sexual crimes, it is necessary to explore whether specific typologies can be deemed criminal yet not violent. On the …show more content…
Sexual battery, for instance, occurs when an individual is touched or contacted in intimate parts against their will, regardless of whether they are clothed or not (Baldwin & Pirius, 2024). In comparison, rape is when an individual is forced by another individual to engage in non-consenting intercourse, anal sex, or other sexual activity involving any form of penetration (Baldwin & Pirius, 2024). A broader term that is often used to encompass both sexual battery and rape is sexual assault. Due to the diverse elements of a sexual criminal act, the term sexual assault incorporates a wide range of behaviors and actions. In many instances, sexual assault is used when an offense falls short of rape or sexual battery, such as a threat to commit a sexual act against a non-consenting individual (Mancini, 2021). Moreover, the term sexual assault may include non-physical acts, such as verbal harassment or coercion, that violate a person’s sexual independence. Additionally, the legal definitions and classifications of sexual assaults can vary across jurisdictions, leading to inconsistencies in how these offenses are prosecuted and perceived (Mancini, 2021, p. …show more content…
While each of these crimes can cause extreme emotional distress to the victims, inherently, they are not violent. For example, according to California laws, indecent exposure is when an individual acts willfully, exposes their private parts, and does so in a public area for personal sexual gratification, which may lead surrounding individuals to be annoyed or offended (FindLaw Staff, 2023). Additionally, this act can result in a felony charge with possible jail time (FindLaw Staff, 2023). Furthermore, it becomes evident that legal definitions and societal perceptions influence the classification of specific behaviors as criminal and not necessarily violent. For instance, cybersexual crimes, such as online harassment or the distribution of pornographic images, can have a profound impact on a victim’s well-being. However, they are not involved in a physical altercation. In contrast, some crimes can be considered sexually violent, yet not criminal. For instance, crimes such as sexual harassment, statutory rape, or sexual battery offenses can be believed to be sexually violent; however, while intrusive, these crimes may not always fit the legal criteria for prosecution—each jurisdiction of what they will and will not
Snow’s strategy typologies are based on the concept of strategic equifinality, or the ability for firms to be successful via differing managerial strategies (Hambrick, 2003, p. 116). Porter 's strategy is more generic while Miles and Snow’s is more specific in nature. Porter’s generic strategy typology is based on economic factors centering on the source of a firm’s competitive advantage and the scope of a firm’s target market (González-Benito & Suárez-González, 2010). Porter’s typology emphasizes a
Type refers to an object that belongs to class with similar characteristics. In architecture type refers to the objects with same formal structure or use. Typology in turn signifies the study of types And analysis their characteristics. In order to understand the work of architecture, we need to understand the concept of type. The work of architecture can either be characterized by a condition of individuality or it can also be referred as a class of repeated objects. The concept of type is
Introduction It requires a lot of reflection and is so complex that even Psychologists have studied it for years without completely understanding what the complexity entails; it is called personality. Personality is so important in our relations with others because it is our lifeline or link between communication and people. Usually when we meet someone, we end up describing him or her in type categories such as: tall, short, bright, witty, amiable, or pretty. While these general descriptions
rehabilitation for first time offenders and very few if any person who has more than one offense will receive probation. These offenders are more likely to receive jail or prison time for their offenses. Even first time offenders revert to crime during probation, which in turn embarrasses the court that gave that person probation rather than a jail or prison sentence. One helpful aspect of probation is the indication of a certain trust and confidence placed in the offender by the judicial order or probation
that the death penalty should result in a greater good and the consequences must outweigh the harm, thereby increasing overall happiness in the world. Perlmutter recognizes the three potential benefits of a punishment as the rehabilitation of an offender, protection for other possible victims, and deterring other people from committing the same crime. The death penalty however, obviously does not rehabilitate a victim nor does it do a better job at protecting other potential victims than life imprisonment
focusing on the whether or Prisons rehabilitate offenders. I will do this by focusing mainly on the Prison Service in England & Wales, the reason for this, being that the data and statistics for England & Wales are easier to obtain than that of other countries. The main information I will be referring to will be the rates of conviction, types of imprisonment, types of non-custodial sentences. Also I will explore some of the current methods of offender rehabilitation. Her Majesty’s Prison Service is
Serial murder is defined by the National Institute of Justice as a "series of two or more murders, committed as separate events, usually but not always, by one offender acting alone. The crimes may occur over a period of time ranging from hours to years. Quite often the motive is psychological, and the offender's behavior and the physical evidence observed at the crime scenes will reflect sadistic, sexual overtones." This definition perfectly describes serial killer Albert Fish. Albert Fish is the
child molester they see in their minds the dirty old man image. This is not the case in most abuse cases. Usually the child knows the person that is going to harm them. The offender is usually someone that the child and his or her parents trust. The key to abusing a child is to gain their trust so they won’t tell. The offender uses manipulation, and even coercion to get what they what. They will shower the child, and sometimes the parents, with gifts. When trying to protect our children we must be
drug-addicted offenders by placing them in jails for a year or longer, only to have them come back out to society when their sentence is over. They are still drug-addicts and so they return to the street only to commit yet another crime. From here the cycle of crime, arrest, jail, and return to society continues, solving absolutely nothing. Therefore, placing drug-addicted offenders in jails fails to confront the major problem at hand which is that of the drug abuse. If drug-addicted offenders were placed
Hester was convicted of adultery. However, after her conviction, she managed to raise a daughter, became an important seamstress in her community, and set an example for her close-knit community. Pearl, the daughter of a convicted sex offender, grew up living a different life from her peers. Growing up with Hester, Pearl never really associated with children from her age group. This happened because whenever Hester and Pearl went into town, they were tormented and harassed. In
A consistent feature of the statistics, not only in England and Wales but across Europe and America, is that far fewer women are convicted of crime than men – a fact which has changed little over the years. Female offenders also show a different pattern of offending being less involved in violent offences and proportionately more involved in theft. In general most now accept that girls and women do commit fewer offences than boys. GENDER AND PATTERNS OF CRIME Writing in 1977 Carol Smart
the planting of the yams. During this week, every clansman is obligated to remain peaceful with one another. No one may fight each other, and husbands may not beat their wives or their children. If the peace is broken during this sacred week, the offender must face severe punishment. They are considered an abomination to the earth goddess and cannot escape her wrath. Another unique value arises when a prominent member of the clan is murdered by a member of a neighboring clan. To atone for this crime
by punishing its criminals. 1. The theory of PROTECTION-society is protected from anti-social behaviour as the convict maybe be imprisoned and as the person is in custody it can be justified in order to protect the offender itself. However this is debatable because the offender could be released even prior to its original sentence and continues on to torment society. 2. The theory of RETRIBUTION- this theory is based on the idea that
analyzing the problems with these programs a major trend emerges; the shift, over the past 40 years, away from prison as 'punishment' toward prison as 'rehabilitation' or therapy. Punishment implies the responsibility of the offender, while rehabilitation is more suggestive of the offender-as-victim-of-circumstances and, further, it implies that we know what's to be done to 'fix' the problem. Plainly we do know what the problem is; the offender's anti-social behavior. Analysis of the results of rehabilitation
strangers. It’s simple to conclude that the strangers children are meeting can be a result of the Internet. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Relationship to Victim Age of Offender Under 12 12 to 17 18 to 24 25 to 34 35 & Older ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In a typical 1,000 sexual assaults of children under 6 Acquaintance 93 159