"Ode to a Nightingale" by John Keats

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"Ode to A Nightingale" is a poem in which Keats uses detailed description to contrast natural beauty and reality, life and death. In the opening verse, the writer becomes captivated by the nightingale's peaceful song. Throughout, the song becomes a powerful spell that transcends the mortal world of Keats. Interwoven throughout the poem are his thoughts about death. It is important to note that Keats' father & mother died when he was young and his brother had recently died of tuberculosis, which probably accounts for this focus.

In the first stanza, Keats' mood is low and depressed but the nightingale's song creates a state of euphoria in him that allows him to escape reality. He is not envious of the bird's happy "lot" but is comforted by the nightingale's singing which lifts him from his unhappy state. Unencumbered by thoughts of "the weariness, the fever, and the fret," mentioned in stanza three, Keats is impressed by the nightingale's ability to sing happily and easily "in full throated ease" (L 10).

The second stanza weaves the visual fiber of the poem around the natural beauty of the nightingale's song. Keats yearns for "a draught of vintage (wine) ...the country green, / Dance and Provencal song, and sun burnt mirth,/ ... the warm South" (L 11-15). This can be taken literally, or, figuratively to mean that he would like to enjoy the comforting things in the world. He wishes to "drink, and leave the world unseen" (L 19), thus avoiding the negative aspects of reality. At this point, he would rather "with thee fade away into the forest dim" (L 20), where he doesn't have to think and, in fact, live. This may reflect a desire to die or the desire to be done with death since it has been a strong force in Keats' life. Th...

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... Again, the impression of loneliness is created. He speculates that poetry "cannot cheat so well" (L 73) the way he feels the nightingale's song can. Poetry is a "deceiving elf" (L 73), but is still only a poem. The nightingale's song fades away leaving Keats to wonder:

Was it a vision or a waking dream?

Fled is that music-Do I wake or sleep? (L 79-80)

Such a powerful and dramatic ending to such a poem leaves the reader to wonder: first; what is meant, and second; which does he do. A vision or a waking dream may be asking whether he has been inspired or just "out of it." Wake and sleep could be used synonymously with life and death. But does the poet question he is awake or asleep or whether he should wake or sleep? The impression in this poem, where death is such a prevalent factor, is that Keats seems to question which direction to take: to live or die.

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