During a dissection of a cadaver at Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine – NY, a noteworthy anatomical variance was discovered during the dissection of the anterior triangle of the neck. The body belonged to an elderly female (fill in age if found) whose only known cause of death was due to dementia and hip fracture. Other than the cause of death, no other medical history was available. During past dissections, there was evidence of a myocardial infarct. The body in question also had a kyphotic and scoliotic spine, which could have altered positioning of organs and vessels. The thorax also had evidence of past cardiopulmonary resuscitation, as several ribs were found to be cracked. In regards to the neck, there was no bruising or evidence of injury. The …show more content…
The platysma was reflected along with the skin, leaving the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The neck was observed to be divided into two separate main triangles: the anterior and posterior. The anomaly was found during the dissection of the anterior triangle, specifically during the dissection of the carotid triangle. The carotid sheath was isolated lateral to the superior belly of omohyoid and medial to sternocleidomastoid. The carotid sheath was opened using blunt dissection and the contents, the internal jugular vein and common carotid artery, were observed. This process was repeated bilaterally and both right and left appeared normal. When tracing the course of the right common carotid artery, the brachiocephalic trunk was noticeably absent. Instead, the aorta in this particular cadaver had 4 branches
Another case is that of 17-year-old Kendrick Johnson whose death was initially ruled the result of accidental suffocation. A second autopsy produced a different conclusion, but when the second autopsy was performed, his body had been stuffed with newspaper, and his organs were missing ("Organ Trafficking, Melanin Theory & the Fountain of Youth -," n.d.). The brain, heart, lungs and liver were missing. He also discovered Johnson's death was due to blunt force trauma to the right side of his neck (Archer,
The skeleton had a hideous impact to the community and was predicted by local investigators to be reasonably modern. To get better understanding and avoid confusion, a bone sample was sent to a laboratory in the USA for investigation and analysation using series of scientific
Not long prior to his death, Tutankhamun fractured his left lower femur (thighbone). Scientists believe this fracture was a leading contributor in his death. They were able to prove that the fracture had occurred when he was still alive because the thin layer of ...
Furthermore, Aristotle and Galen’s theories contributed to the Renaissance revival of heart anatomy. This reawakening made it possible for physicians to indicate the basic arrangement of the heart. It became commonly accepted that the heart was divided into four parts: two ventricles (lower chambers that pump blood out) and two auricles (upper chamber that r...
Pulmonary arteries carry blood from the heart to the lungs where the blood picks up oxygen. The oxygen rich blood is then returned to the heart via the pulmonary veins. Systemic arteries deliver blood to the rest of the body. The aorta is the main systemic artery and the largest artery of the body. It originates from the heart and branches out into smaller arteries which supply blood to the head region brachiocephalic artery, the heart itself coronary arteries, and the lower regions of the body.
On admission, a complete physical assessment was performed along with a blood and metabolic panel. The assessment revealed many positive and negative findings. J.P. was positive for dyspnea and a productive cough. She also was positive for dysuria and hematuria, but negative for flank pain. After close examination of her integumentary and musculoskeletal system, the examiner discovered a shiny firm shin on the right lower extremity with +2 edema complemented by severe pain. A set of baseline vitals were also performed revealing a blood pressure of 124/80, pulse of 87 beats per minute, oxygen saturation of 99%, temperature of 97.3 degrees Fahrenheit, and respiration of 12 breaths per minute. The blood and metabolic panel exposed several abnormal labs. A red blood cell count of 3.99, white blood cell count of 22.5, hemoglobin of 10.9, hematocrit of 33.7%, sodium level of 13, potassium level of 3.1, carbon dioxide level of 10, creatinine level of 3.24, glucose level of 200, and a BUN level of 33 were the abnormal labs.
... as the heart, major blood vessels, and airways) toward the other side of the chest. The shift can cause the other lung to become compressed, and can affect the flow of blood returning to the heart. This situation can lead to low blood pressure, shock, and death.
Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart disease which involves four different heart defects in one. The four different heart defects are a large ventricular septal defect (VSD), Pulmonary Stenosis, Right ventricular hypertrophy, and an overriding aorta. These congenital defects change the normal flow of blood thro...
The cardiovascular system is the most important system in our body. This system is what keeps us alive. Beating on average 30 billion times a year, our heart is never able to stop and take a break. With every beat of our heart, the cardiovascular system moves blood, gases, nutrients, and hormones throughout the intricate vasculature of our bodies. An adult body contains over 60,000 miles of vessels, which can wrap around the world two and a half times. The vessel branching off of the heart is largest artery in our body and is known as the aorta. The aorta supplies oxygenated blood to our body. The aorta runs along the midline of our body and has many other vessels that stem from it to deliver the blood to a specific location. The aorta has several different names, depending on the location in the body. As it comes off of the heart at the left ventricle it is called the ascending aorta. It is located in the anterior mediastinum and is approximately three to five centimeters wide. In the superior mediastinum, at the peak of the aorta, it turns to resemble and upside down U and become the aortic arch. As it pass behind the heart and starts to go down into the thoracic cavity it becomes the descending aorta, more specifically, the thoracic aorta. The diameter of the thoracic aorta is about two and a half centimeters wide. Once the aorta reaches the diaphragm and passes into the abdomen it converts the abdominal aorta. The abdominal aorta is about two centimeters wide. The thoracic aorta runs for about twenty centimeter and the abdominal aorta extends for about fifteen centimeters long.
One of the main organs of the cardiovascular system is the heart; the heart is made up of four chambers. The blood enters the right atrium of the heart from body through the venae cavae, it then travels though the tricuspid atrioventricular valve into the right ventricle. The blood is then pumped through the pulmonary semilunar valve out of the heart to the lungs using the pulmonary arteries. It is then oxygenated and returns to the left atrium in the pulmonary veins it travels through the mitral atrioventricular valve into the left ventricle and is then pumped out of the heart to the systematic circulatory system passing through the aortic semilunar valve into the aorta. (Widamaier, et al 2011:359)
Scoliosis is a progressive disease. In its early stages a mild rotation and rib deformity is detected. As it progresses more vertebrae rotate, causing the ribs to crowd together on one side of the chest and to spread apart on the opposite side. The disease is usually first identified in persons 10 to 17 years old. Most cases occur in girls and become apparent during the rapid growth phase of puberty. Conditions also include shoulder unleveling, waistline discrepancies, acute headaches, shortness of breath, rib hump, chronic fatigue, and mood swings.
...icot stem. Label and sketch its parts. Take note of the position of the vascular bundle.
Ely, S. F., & Hirsch, C. S. (2000). Asphyxial Deaths and Petechiae: A Review. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 45(6). doi:10.1520/jfs14878j
The circulatory system consists of many different components and structures for specific functions. For example controlling the blood flow to go one direction, for one blood vessel to hold more blood than another, and even a system that decides when the heart beats. As the circulatory system was studied and observed, questions were raised of how the blood flow goes only one way. In the heart and between each chamber, there are four valves that control the amount of blood flow in the heart. As the oxygen poor blood flows into the right atrium through the respective vena cava’s, it is stopped until the heart contracts and the tricuspid valve opens, letting the blood flow into
In our society, it is not rare to hear people die suddenly without signs of serious illness preceding the death. A critical examination might show that such individuals were suffering from serious health condition that they and their family were not aware of. These critical health issues are often diagnosed during regular medical checkups.