Carbon Nanotube Rope Platform
Studies have shown that the surface nanotopography of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) mimic that of extracellular matrix, ECM, which has properties that provide structural and biochemical support to cells. CNTs have been shown to be able to promote differentiation; however, they may also provide neuronal guidance, affect neuronal growth at the morphological level and alter the electrophysiology and behavior of neural stem cells through their surface morphology and electrical stimulation made possible by their intrinsic conductivity. Huang et al. investigated the efficacy of using a carbon nanotube(CNT) rope substrate as a platform for the electrical stimulation of neural stem cells in culture medium. Observations of the response of the neural stem cells after electrical stimulation on morphology, gene and protein expression were noted. The biocompatibility of the CNT rope substrate with cells was also analyzed. The ECM-like topography and electrical conductivity for electrical stimulation abilities allow this CNT platform to be beneficial in the promotion of NSCs into mature neurons. Electrical stimulation may be important in the differentiation and maturation of neural stem cells because it has been shown that there is an endogenous electric field, in vivo, which may serve as a guidance cue for neural cell migration and differentiation.
The bundled rope structure that the CNT are arranged in is unique and has specific structure that helps promote controlled differentiation of neural stem cells. The CNTs are wrapped into bundles that are approximately 20 nm in diameter; Each bundle is composed of individual nanotubes of approximately 1-2nm (the typical width for single-walled CNTs). The CNT topography was ...
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...2), another neuron-specific marker involved in microtubule assembly in later stages of neuronal development. B-tubulin and MAP2 were chosen as markers of maturity to distinguish the maturity of the NSC, whereas Nestin is used as a marker of immaturity. After 1 week of culture, NSCs stained for nestin and B-tubilin tended to express more nestin which indicates that more of the NSCs are in a premature state. After 2 weeks, nestin expresseion was downreulated compared to B-tubulin, especially in the electrically stimulated group, indicating that NSC matured after 3 weeks. There also tended to be more neurite extension and elongation in the electrically stimulated group.
When Nestin and MAP2 are simulatatenously stained, MAP2 tended not to be expression very highly during the week 1, however, it did appear to be expressed more highly in electrically stimulated cells.
The Nevada State Board of Nursing is an organization dedicated to ensuring that people receive safe and competent nursing care. NSBON’s mission is to “protect the public’s health, safety and welfare through effective nursing regulation.” The NSBON is able to achieve this mission through a variety of standards and rules.
The abnormal accumulation of GM2 gangliosides in the neurons of the brain and spinal cord cause the neurons to slowly die, leading to the death of the individual. Infantile Tay-Sachs symptoms do not appear in the body until 3 to 6 months of age, but the destructive process had begun early in the pregnancy, leading to the general death around the age of 4. Juvenile Tay-Sachs symptoms begin to appear around 2 to 10 years of age, but despite the milder effects of the disease the destructive aspects of the disease have been at work since early on in the pregnancy, causing death to generally occur around the age of 15. Late Onset Tay-Sachs symptoms appear between adolescence and mid 30s, but does not have an average age of death. Due to the milder symptoms of the disease some individuals life expectancy may not be affected, but cases of Late Onset Tay-Sachs
Richard Kuklinski was born on April 11, 1935 in the projects of Jersey City, New Jersey to Stanley and Anna Kuklinski. His father was a brakesman who often came home drunk and beat on his wife and kids. His mother worked at a meat processing plant who also beat on her children. Richard was the second of four children. His siblings faced much abuse from both of their parents. His mother was a devout catholic and believed that the best parenting style is strict catholic faith with strict discipline. She often beat her kids with broomsticks and other household items. This constant abuse fueled hate against both of his parents. Stanley and Anna’s abuse was so harsh that when Richard was five years old, his brother Florian, was physically beaten to death. His parents covered up the murder by telling the local police their child fell down a flight of stairs.
There are many different types of stem cells that are being looked at for research. These include embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, and induced pluripotent cells. Embryonic stem cells are cells that have the potential to produce many different cells in the body. They are cells that are tak...
The brain is part of the central nervous system, which consists of neurons and glia. Neurons which are the excitable nerve cells of the nervous system that conduct electrical impulses, or signals, that serve as communication between the brain, sensory receptors, muscles, and spinal cord. In order to achieve rapid communication over a long distance, neurons have developed a special ability for sending electrical signals, called action potentials, along axons. The way in which the cell body of a neuron communicates with its own terminals via the axon is called conduction. In order for conduction to occur, an action potential which is an electrical signal that occurs in a neuron due to ions moving across the neuronal membrane which results in depolarization of a neuron, is to be generated near the cell body area of the axon. Wh...
Dendrites are located on either one or both ends of a cell.The peripheral nervous system then takes the sensory information from the outside and sends the messages by virtue of neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are chemicals that relay signals through the neural pathways of the spinal cord. The neurotransmitter chemicals are held by tiny membranous sacs located in the synaptic terminals. Synaptic terminals are located at the ends of nerve cells. The release of neurotransmitters from their sacs is stimulated once the electrical nerve impulse has finished travelling along a neuron and reaches the synaptic terminal. Afterward, neurotransmitters travel across synapses thus stimulating the production of an electrical charge that carries the nerve impulse onward. Synapses are junctions between neighboring neurons. This procedure is reiterated until either muscle movement occurs or the brain picks up on a sensory reaction. During this process, messages are being transmitted from one part of the body onto the next. The peripheral and central nervous system are two crucial subdivisions of the nervous system. The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous
Since the beginning of time, morality has been a central component of human society. We strive to create the best moral standards possible. Laws have been enacted, treaties signed, and unions formed in order for people to live as morally as possible. But imagine a dystopian society in which the basic morals we consider necessary did not exist, and with the most fundamentally basic human rights standards vanished. The two short stories Harrison Bergeron by Kurt Vonnegut and The Lottery by Shirley Jackson exemplify two societies with completely different moral codes.
The Stand Your Ground Law is a highly debated, as well as controversial topic. The Stand Your Ground Law is law that admits an individual to stand their ground instead of retreating if they reasonably believe doing so is necessary to “prevent death or great bodily harm to himself or herself or another or to prevent the commission of a forcible felony.” (Sullivan 2013) Many people agree with the law because they feel they have the right to be able to protect themselves. On the other hand, many people feel the Stand Your Ground Law is only a way to kill and get away with it. Do you know which side you are on when it comes to this particular issue? In this essay, I will address and discuss both pros and cons on the Stand Your Ground Law topic. These pros and cons will lead to the conclusion that no matter what side you are on about these laws, they need advised.
Sharp, J., Frame, J., Siegenthaler, M., Nistor, G., Keirstead, H.S. (2010). Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Transplants Improve Recovery after Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: Stem Cells, 28, 152 – 163.
There are many techniques in the Criminal Justice field that are used to solve cases. DNA testing is one of the best ways to solve cases. Each individual has there own unique DNA profile. Also, in this case DNA testing proved that an innocent person did not do the crimes. Furthermore, I feel that Colin Pitchfork deserves life in prison without a chance of parole.
“Registered nurses treat patients and help prevent disease, educate patients and the public about various medical conditions and health issues, and provide advice and emotional support to patients’ family members both physically and mentally.”(Registered). It is important for the individual going into this occupation to search out the pros and cons of the different areas of nursing. Sometimes gender plays a part in choosing the specific area of an RN. For instance, the strength of males is needed in areas of physical therapy. While the gentle attributes of women are needed in the care of babies. “A nurse must like people and want to help them, and must also have self-reliance and good judgment, patience, honesty, responsibility, and ability to work easily with others.”(Jacobi). The occupation of a registered nurse includes many advantages such as having the ability to assist your family in medical needs, the salary is attractive and above the average scale, and it offers great job security.
The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, or SNCC, was created on the campus of Shaw University in Raleigh in April 1960. SNCC was created after a group of black college students from North Carolina A&T University refused to leave a Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina where they had been denied service. This sparked a wave of other sit-ins in college towns across the South. SNCC coordinated these sit-ins across the nation, supported their leaders, and publicized their activities. SNCC sought to affirm the philosophical or religious ideal of nonviolence as the foundation of their purpose. In the violently changing political climate of the 60’s, SNCC struggled to define its purpose as it fought white oppression. Out of SNCC came some of today's black leaders, such as former Washington, D.C. mayor Marion Barry, Congressman John Lewis and NAACP chairman Julian Bond. Together with hundreds of other students, they left a lasting impact on American history.
Nerve cells generate electrical signals to transmit information. Neurons are not necessarily intrinsically great electrical conductors, however, they have evolved specialized mechanisms for propagating signals based on the flow of ions across their membranes.
The brain contains millions of tiny nerve cells, known as neurons and these neurons are joined and connected to a million more neurons. When these neurons form a series of interconnected neuron...
Chen Y, Stevens B, Chang J, Milbrandt J, Barres BA, Hell JW. NS21:re-defined and Modified Supplement B27 for Neuronal Cultures. J Neurosci Methods, 171 (2) 239-0247, 2008.