Gene expression Essays

  • Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

    933 Words  | 2 Pages

    end result of the DNA sequence but also of the cell’s internal system of expression orchestrated by different proteins and RNAs present at a given time. DNA encodes for many possible characteristics, but different types of RNA aided by specialized proteins sometimes with external signals express the needed genes. Control of gene expression is of vital importance for an eukaryote’s survival such as the ability of switching genes on/off in accordance with the changes in the environment (Campbell and

  • Genetics and Epigenetic: Gene Expression and Regulation

    1539 Words  | 4 Pages

    “modifications” to DNA that affect gene expression but do not involve base changes  These changes are regular and naturally occurring nevertheless can be heavily influenced by several factors such as; • Age • Environment & life style • Or disease state. “According to Dr. Lipton, the true secret to life does not lie within your DNA, but rather within the mechanisms of your cell membrane.” There are 4 main mechanisms of modification and regulation of gene expression; DNA methylation, Chromatin Remodeling

  • The Rapid Development of Functional Genomics

    1972 Words  | 4 Pages

    which attempts to analyse genetic products, in order to understand the function and interaction of genes, and the proteins produced by them. It is a genome-wide method used under different environmental conditions and the DNA function can be deciphered through a combination of genes, proteins and transcripts. The new approach provides geneticists with the possible answers of understanding how genes interact with one another and analysing DNA sequences of organisms which are unique to biological systems

  • Reverse Transcriptase PCR (RT PCR)

    748 Words  | 2 Pages

    best characteristics for the functional status of a certain cell is its gene expression pattern. Cells belonging to different tissues, cells in different developmental or metabolic stages, cells under the influence of specific compounds, or cells within a carcinogenic process differ by their gene expression patterns and thus by their mRNA pools. Currently, the most important technique for the accurate quantitation of gene expression is the fluorescent quantitative real-time RT-PCR (Muller et al., 2002a)

  • Zebrafish Benefits

    1986 Words  | 4 Pages

    The development of the heart is a complicated process that implicates cell specification and differentiation, including tissue formation, shaping and alteration, to create a functional organ. The zebrafish has become a potential model system to disentangle the fundamental genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of cardiac development and function. The liver is one of the essential organ in mammals. It performs many functions such as help the body digest food, store energy, and remove poisons

  • EST and SAGE Analysis

    1159 Words  | 3 Pages

    A) Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) Analysis There are huge numbers of genes in our genome yet only few of them express to synthesis mRNAs which encode different proteins. These mRNAs are collectively called as transcriptome and mRNA can be reverse transcribed into cDNA, which provides evidence for all mRNA transcripts. Hence, mRNA and cDNA are crucial for gene expression profiling and transcriptome study. Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are short, unverified nucleotide fragment usually of 200-800 nucleotide

  • Epigenetics and The Nervous System

    1127 Words  | 3 Pages

    An epigenetic mechanism refers to any heritable influence (in the progeny of cells or individuals) on chromosome or gene function that is not accompanied by a change in DNA sequence (Yoder et al 1997); a change in phenotype without a change in genotype. These changes may last through generations of cell divisions. Although it was once thought that there was no new generation of neurons in the nervous system, studies have shown that the brain retains neural stem cells (NSCs) into adulthood, and neurogenesis

  • Epigenetics And Cancer Essay

    1972 Words  | 4 Pages

    Epigenetics and Cancer Introduction: Cancer is beyond mutations. By definition, epigenetics is the change in gene translation that is caused by alterations not directly due to genetic mutations in the DNA sequence. The 2 main mechanisms are DNA methylation and covalent modification of histones. By methylation, certain molecular tags (methyl groups) bind to a specific sequence of a gene, that results in its disability hence incapable of being translated into its appropriate protein product. These

  • drought

    676 Words  | 2 Pages

    trait, many genes... ... middle of paper ... ...ly alert the plant by activating the drought-tolerance related gene NCED3. The expression of NCED3 will cause the increase in endogenous ABA level in root and leaves. I) Accumulation of ABA and it effect on the root growth ABA then activate transcriptional factor (TF), particularly in ABA dependent path, such as CBF4 (C-repeat binding factor4) or HDG11. Consequently, these TFs will active their target genes downstream e.g. LEA3 or P5CS gene. The activated

  • Crvical Carcinogenesis

    1450 Words  | 3 Pages

    Inactivates its Tumor Suppressor Function in Cervical Carcinogenesis, is to investigate the mechanism by which the KLF4 gene is silenced in cervical carcinomas. Cervical cancer accounts for 250,000 female deaths every year. Developing therapies for cervical cancer has been limited due to the lack of genetic and epigenetic data of the mechanism causing the cancer. The KLF4 gene is a transcriptional regulator of cell growth and differentiation. It functions as a tumor suppressor in cervical cancer

  • Characteristics of Non-coding RNA

    1284 Words  | 3 Pages

    ribosomal RNA, snoRNAs and splicosomal RNAs were in the end required for mRNA processing and translation. The dogma might still be applicable to prokaryotes whose genome consists of approx. 90 % protein-coding genes. In eukaryotes, however, only about 2 % of the genes are protein-coding (Alexander et al. 2010) and those have been studied intensively. The remaining major fraction of the genomic output has for a long time been classified as genetic junk, as most transcripts had low or

  • The Microscope

    725 Words  | 2 Pages

    Diseases have claimed millions of lives over the course of human history. The causes of many of the illnesses that have plagued the human race have been found at the microscopic level. The microscope, one of the greatest human inventions, has helped find causes, and thereby treatments, for many of these illnesses. Moreover, the microscope can assist in solving crimes, as well as see the cells that make humans who they are. The origins of the microscope can be traced back to the Roman invention of

  • Epigenetics Essay

    1370 Words  | 3 Pages

    Epigenetics is the study of both heritable and non-heritable changes in gene translation, which do not stem from mutation. Epigenetic alterations to DNA may occur in several different ways; histone modification, DNA methylations, expression of microRNAs, and changes of the chromatin structure (Ntanasis-Stathopoulos et al). Depending on their presentation, they may be passed on to offspring. The exact mechanism of heritable epigenetic modification has not been discovered, but all of these alterations

  • Environmental Racism In African Americans

    1261 Words  | 3 Pages

    Environmental racism, by definition, includes disproportionate exposure to pollutants and toxicants for people of color. This exposure is partially due to segregation, which “leads minorities to have higher risk of exposure to toxic chemicals at the individual, household, and neighborhood level” (Williams & Mohammed, 2013). For example, African Americans are more likely than Whites and other racial and ethnic groups to live in inner-city, urban environments, where pollutants from vehicle exhaust

  • Prostate Cancer Essay

    806 Words  | 2 Pages

    order to facilitate movement. the cell reorganize their actin cytoskeleton and acquire migratory microstructures like lamellipodia, filopodia and podosomes.[ref29] . EMT is characterized molecular changes that reflects gene expression . cells undergoing EMT show different expressions of junctional proteins. Ecadherins is replaced by N-chadherin in prostate cancer [ref 31] . EMT is also characterized by increase in the intermediate filament vimentin (ref 34) .Slug is shown to play a role in controlling

  • Importance Of Histopathology And Molecular Pathology

    1262 Words  | 3 Pages

    Histopathology and molecular pathology both fall within the medical science branch of pathology where the primary concern is the examination of tissues, body fluids, and organs to aid in the diagnosis of diseases. Histopathology favours biopsies ‘fixed’ on glass slides for examination whereas molecular pathology concentrates its efforts at a molecular and genetic level to aid in diagnosis. For: Sharing certain aspects of practice with other disciplines of pathology like clinical pathology, anatomic

  • Plant hormones

    1573 Words  | 4 Pages

    different phenotypes. One thing plant hormones specifically control is gene expression. The exact mechanisms by which hormones regulate gene expression are poorly understood. Gene expression is part of a large amplification process. This process involves repeated transcription of DNA resulting in many copies of mRNA (1st amplification step); mRNA is processed and enters the cytoplasm where it is translated many times by ribosomes into a gene product such as an enzyme (2nd amplification step); enzymes are

  • The Story of Gene Expression in Eukaryotic Cells

    620 Words  | 2 Pages

    Gene expression can be described as the conversion of information from genes into messenger RNA by way of transcription. Transcription happens in the nucleus, and is where RNA copies of DNA are produced. This process is facilitated by RNA polymerase, where one RNA nucleotide is added to an RNA strand. RNA polymerase is an enzyme used to produce transcripted RNA. It is responsible for constructing RNA chains, in the process previously described as transcription. RNA polymerase polymerizes the ribonucleotides

  • Oncogenes Essay

    1410 Words  | 3 Pages

    Oncogenes: Role in Development of Cancer An oncogene is a gene whose main function is as a potential to cause cancer in the cell cycle. A normal cell is transformed into a cancerous cell when the cell’s proteins involved in regulating cell division are no longer able to facilitate progression from one stage of the cell cycle to the next. Cancer cells do not lack function but reproduce at an abnormally high rate bypassing the boundaries of the cell cycle. Cancer cells, with the function brought on

  • Gmos Argumentative Essay

    589 Words  | 2 Pages

    Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO/s) have evolved enormously during the last decade. With the evolution of GMOs, comes the natural argument for and against them. Most of the arguments that are taking place are directed towards the health of human beings. It is still unsure what the long-term effects of consuming GMOs will have on humans, but only time will tell (Nodoushani, Sintay, & Stewart, 2015, p. 139). Other arguments that are being made are the effects that GMOs will have on the environment