Summary
Since the introduction of Kafala system, also known as sponsorship system, in the GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) along with Lebanon and Jordan in Mashriq region, some serious human rights violations have aroused. Kafala system is a sponsorship system designed to regulate and employ migrant workers in countries compromising of GCC states (Qatar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, the Kingdom of Bahrain, Kuwait, and Sultanate of Oman), Jordan, and Lebanon. Under the sponsorship system, a contract is signed between worker and recruitment agency for a minimum of 2 years, in which sponsor assumes full legal and economic responsibility of the migrant, including visa status, residence, living conditions, wages, and health insurance. In other words, the Kafala system takes away workers’ rights and puts them in the hands of their sponsors. Additionally, the contract prohibits the migrant to change employing company or employer and/or to leave the country without the consent of the contractor.
Aforementioned requisites of Kafala system creates numerous possibilities for companies and employers to exploit and traffic employees. Accordingly, millions of migrants, mostly from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Indonesia and the Philippines, have been subjugated, abused, and harmed in what many people describe it as “modern slavery.” Despite numerous changes within jurisdictions of aforementioned countries, little progress has been made since the establishment of the Kafala system largely attributed to the unawareness of this problem and the lack of willingness from GCC country governments. According to Jessica Caplin, “There is currently little NGO and civilian involvement in the struggle for greater rights” (Caplin, 200...
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The migrant worker community in states like Florida, Texas, and California is often an ‘obscure population’ of the state. They live in isolated communities and have very little stability or permanence. According to the Florida Department of Health, 150,000 to 200,000 migrant workers work in the State of Fl...
Slavery means the state or condition of being a slave; the subjection of a person to another person, being forced into work. The Human Trafficking definition is the trade in humans, most commonly for the purpose of Sexual Slavery, forced labor or for the extraction of organs or tissues, according to the TheFreeDictionary.com. Unfortunately, there is still active illegal slavery still occurring in the united states and is also in many other countries around the world specifically the Country of Mongolia which has a large amount of children being trafficked for sexual exploitation. Although some may say that people may think that slavery was just an American problem, it is not, it is still a big problem in this country and around the world today.
Human trafficking is modern slavery. Human trafficking is a serious problem but affects our home, Las Vegas the most. It’s such a problem, because people fail to recognize it, and don’t understand the severity of the crime. Human trafficking is where children, teens, and adults are prostituted for money. Some are forced to have sex. Human trafficking occurs all over the world, but its effect in Nevada is devastating. There have been 2,229 victims of human trafficking that have been saved since 1994.
“There are at least 12.3 million persons in forced labour today” (www.ilo.org). A great number of the victims are poverty-stricken people in Asia, “whose vulnerability is exploited by others for a profit” (www.ilo.org).
“I’ve been held down like a piece of meat while monsters disguised as men violated me again & again.” (Gladys Lawson, Blood Borne Connections.) Human trafficking is the modern day slavery, it involves taking control over a person through force, fraud or coercion to exploit the victim for forced labor, sexual exploitation. or both (“What” par.1). This is become the sad reality for many, approximately three out of every 1,000 people worldwide are being forced into this such slavery. Victims of human trafficking are people of all backgrounds and ages, no one is safe from the dirty hands of human traffickers. Every year thousands of men, women, and children are forced into human trafficking the public needs to be informed, enhance penalties for violators, and raise awareness to finally put a stop to these horrible crimes that are happening right end our noses.
In Figure 4.4 (Raghuram and Erel, 2014, p. 144) shown that the inflow and outflow from 1966 to 2005 almost mirror each other. Migration is a way of connecting people and places to each other in various ways and is not just about movement from one place to another. According to (Catriona Harvard, 2014, p. 68 – 71) Bushra Fleih a migrant family from Iraq that now live on City Road in Cardiff maintain their existing family connections through Skype, although they are very far from their family and home in Iraq. On other hand it shows how Nof Al-Kelaby has lost his connections through migration but has remade and established the connections through his new
Many organizations and programs are working to stop human trafficking and its insubordinate criminals. Organizations, such as the United Nations Conven...
Cohen, Jeffrey H, and Sirkeci Ibrahim. Cultures of Migration the Global Nature of Contemporary Mobility. Austin Texas: University of Texas Press, 2011.Print
DeParle, J. (2010, June 25). Global Migration: A World Ever More on the Move. The New
Trafficking in Persons Report (2007) discusses many different tiers in relation to a counties response to human trafficking. Tier one consists of countries whose government fully comply with the Trafficking Victims Protection Act’s minimum standards, for example Australia, Uk, Germany and Norway. In tier two the countries whose government do not fully comply with TVPA’s minimum standards but making efforts to bring themselves up such as Japan, Romania, Peru and Rwanda. And finally tier three are governments that do not full...
In 1865, the 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution ended the institution of slavery (McGough). Even though slavery was abolished, modern day slavery still exists and has evolved under a different appearance and is known as “Human Trafficking” in today’s society. Each year, thousands of people are trafficked across borders or internally, and exploited for cheap labor or sexual services. According to the U.S. Federal Law, human trafficking consists of children involved in sex trade, adults who are coerced or deceived into commercial sex, anyone forced into different forms of labor or services (Polaris Project). Human trafficking is a human rights violation; it is a crime against the dignity and integrity of an individual. It is the trading of human beings as commodities. It is “modern-day slavery” with more slaves at work today than there has ever been at any point in history.
This research will begin by evaluating the economic factors of migration, it will then proceed to investigate the social factors. In the process it will be highlighted that the impacts of migration are (im)balanced. Body Paragraph 1 - "The Body" There are a lot of women’s human rights violations in Syria. According to the SNHR, the percentage of women deaths has dramatically increased in 2013, reaching nearly 9% of the total number of victims on April 30, 2013, and at this date, at least 7543 women including 2454 girls and 257 female infants under the age of 3 have been killed, including 155 women who remain unidentified at this date. The SNHR documented the killing of 55 foreign women.
Jordan’s demographic balance is made up of ethnic Jordanians, non-Arab immigrants who came before Jordan’s independence (i.e Circassians, Chechens, and Armenians), several waves of Palestinians, Lebanese, Iraqis, African refugees from primarily Sudan and Somalia and recently refugees from Syria. The integration of these ethnic groups generally depend on the time of their arrival with those arriving the earliest having integrated the most and therefore are the least vulnerable. The further integration of certain refugee groups namely Palestinians remain hampered by political considerations namely the Israeli-Palestinian peace deal that would foresee the establishment of a new Palestinian state. Despite Palestinians being short of full political citizens, the general situation of Palestinians is considerably better off than those from la...
Given the global economic restructuring and the shifting international division of labor, regions like the Middle East have become salient destination sites for many sub-Saharan African and South East Asian migrant workers. While past scholarship has focused on men-dominated migration patterns, current scholarship reports the increasing presence of women among migrant workers, particularly in the Gulf region (Martin Baldwin). In “Domestic Workers: Little Protection for the Underpaid,” Gloria Chammartin maintains that the number of migrant women have come to equal or outnumber men in recent years. Female migrant workers now constitute larger percentages of migrant workers in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, which include Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates. (470) For instance, data shows that more than 90 percent of Indonesian workers in Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates consisted of women workers in 1997-1998. In 2001, between 85 and 94 percent of Sri Lankan workers in Jordan, Kuwait, and Lebanon were women. The increase in international labor demand across this region is mostly attributed to the oil boom of the 1970s.
Cholewinski, R. I. (1997). Migrant Workers in International Human Rights Law: Their Protection in Countries of Employment. Clarendon Press.