The design challenge is to navigate a robot through a preset course using the knowledge from previous labs and additional research of any kind. Solutions are free from restraint except for the requirement that the voltage source may not exceed 9 volts (standard layout would dictate a 7.2 voltage source). The course layout, dubbed a maze, is a simple square enclosure with 2 barriers protruding from the near and far rails. Black and white tape is laid out inside suggested a course for robots to take or for optic sensors to follow. The interior walls create the challenge while the rest of the course remains very limitless in navigation. Time and accuracy must be taken in consideration, as grade is based on both course time and the robot’s ability …show more content…
A digital timer would be used to make two turns at precise times. The timing for the turns could be maintained far better than the previous ideas. In order to keep voltage at an ideal level, we used a voltage regulator. The regulator brought down the voltage some but allowed us to more accurately control the robot. The circuit design was used in another course and could almost be exactly transferred with the exception of the timing of the turns. A 555 counter would be used to send out pulses which a binary counter would add. The frequency of the pulses could be set by varying resistance and the timing of the turns could be controlled by the bit output of the counter. We used binary logic to choose the different bits the robot would turn at while making sure that only one combination would make the turn. NAND, OR and NOT gates were used in order to make the turn selection. We were careful to set the frequency low as we did not want the robot to make each turn multiple times. After the binary logic was implementing, analog circuitry was in place in order to feed a signal to the motor control board, which would be used to control the time each wheel varied its speeds. We chose 3 and 13 pulses to make the turns at a frequency of about .6 Hz. Our calculations told us that the robot would be able to clear the course in about 8 seconds, which was much better than our previous times. The …show more content…
We first noticed that the robot would have to get through the course in less than 22 cycles or the turn would be activated again. In order to be free to use whatever frequency we wanted we designed another set of logic to stop the counting of the 555 timer. The stopping logic worked well on the protoboard, but after connecting the wheels to the circuit the noise was too much and created uncontrollable counting. Different combinations of capacitors and wiring were used but the timer could still not be effectively stopped. The idea was discarded and obligated us to design the robot to complete the course in one cycle. The 6th count was used so that the turn was soon enough yet would not occur again during the course. Our calculations led us to a frequency of about .7 using a 10uF capacitor and about 96000 ohm resistance for the potentiometer. Taking into consideration a 4 ft distance from the starting point to the first turn, it allowed the robot about 4 seconds to get that distance. The robot was tweaked to about .9 ft/sec, only a little slower than we had been able to maximize.
With the binary counter optimized we connected the bumper board to the motor control board, a fairly easy task compared to prior circuits. The left bumper was chosen because it would impact the wall first. A test run proved successful in operation although the timing
The robotics team from Carl Hayden high school faces many hardships individually and collectively. An obstacle that they faced was money issues, and they were on a tight budget. Oscar also had an obstacle. He couldn’t join the military because he was undocumented. The money issue is stated in paragraph 17, It states the following “Despite the donations, they were still on a tight budget.” This sentence proves that they have money issues, and they raised a total of $800, and it is stated in paragraph 17 as well, “Oscar and his team raised a total of about $800.” As it is stated in the text before, the robotics team at Carl Hayden’s high school doesn’t have as much money donated to them as others teams, so that limited their options for parts, which puts them at a
This movement started when Mario Bauzá moved to New York and shared his music with the world. During the 1940’s and 50’s Latino music thrived and progressively became more and more popular. The mambo dance was a very new and popular dance. This dance was eye opening to the entire world, and consisted of people from all ages and all races dancing on the same dance floor. During this period, the United States specifically, was able thrived socially, once opposing cultures and races now were able to connect to each other through music. Sadly, in the late 1950’s, Fidel Castro began to take over the Cuban government. As Fidel Castro came to be the dictator, he slammed the door of culture and music in the world’s face. Hopefully one day, the world can be linked closer over something as simple and pure as music.
In the essay written by Jeffrey Hart entitled, “Discovering Columbus”, he argues strongly that, in fact, Columbus did discover America. He starts off by describing Columbus as “a genuine titan, a hero of history and of the human spirit.” He goes on to say that, “In discovering a new part of the world, Columbus destroyed such finite certainties”. By this he means that everyone thought the world was flat but by discovering this new land he “upset theologies”. He describes the reasons for Columbus going on a voyage as “multiple” and “confused”. Columbus wanted to cross the ocean to “prove his theories of navigation”. Since Spain was always desperate for wealth and the land routes were controlled by the Turks, Columbus wanted “to find a nautical way to the riches of Asia” and in the process of finding riches he wanted “to convert the pagan nations” to Christianity. He wanted to seek out “the Earthly Paradise” otherwise known as “Eden; as foreseen in the book of Revelation.” In doing all of these t...
In 1492, Christopher Columbus gained the support of the Spanish monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella, for an expedition to the Indies. He was a self-made man who had worked his way up to being the Captain of a merchant vessel. Columbus’ goal, with the support of the Spanish monarchy, was to find a new and faster trade route to the Indies. Upon arrival of his first voyage, Columbus wrote a letter to Luis de Santangel, a “royal official and an early supporter of his venture.” (35). The epistle, a letter, entitled “Letter to Luis de Santangel Regarding the First Voyage” was copied and distributed in Spain in 1493 before being translated and spread throughout Europe. The Letter was held in such regard as it is considered the first printed description of America. With his description of the nature of America, Columbus decided the fate of America. Through his description of the vast beauty of the nature around him, Columbus asserts both the economic and nationalistic motivations for colonizing the new world.
Although Columbus certainly deserves recognition as being the one to truly open the way to the New World for Renaissance Europe, and all that was to follow, he was not the high-stakes risk taker that some historians would have us believe. However, neither was he the bumbling quixotic figure presented by those who, for their own reasons, attempt to present him as some sort of insane idiot, or, at best, an extremely lucky savant. What is true about Christopher Columbus is that, for the times in which he lived, he was a well read and learned geographer. Columbus was a student of navigation and sailing, and as such, his understanding of the world in which he lived was based on works previously com...
Social psychology centres on a subject or person who has universal characteristics which can be studied independently of the social context.
The Danzon from Haiti, Rhumbas from Africa, and the Son from Cuba mix together to create what we know as Salsa (Pretell). Because of its diverse background it is hard to know exactly how it originated. The most widely believed origin is Cuba where everything is hot, from the weather down to the cuisine. What else can you expect from that environment but music that will have you dancing in the streets?
Christopher as a boy always wanted to sail. He decided to find a shorter way to travel to Asia. Doing this he would become wealthy, spread the word of Christ, and to become famous (“Christopher Columbus” par 1-4). He sent Bartolomew to try to get support from England and Spain to allow the voyage but, they were denied. Then when Spain defeated Granada in 1492, Luis de Sontangel who was a royal treasurer convinced Queen Isabella that she was missing a great opportunity. Finally in April of 1492 Christopher Columbus received royal approval for the voyage (Columbus, “Success in Spain” par 1). Then on May 20, 1506 Christopher Columbus died (“The Journal of the Admiral of the Ocean Sea”, November 7, 1504 par 2).
The first European power to take interest in the voyage was Portugal. They wanted to follow the idea of new trade routes overseas. It took Spain until the 15th century to become committed to looking for trade routes. In 1485 King John the II of Portugal said he would equip Columbus with three ships and a single year to sail west in the Atlantic Ocean. This was not enough for Columbus he requested to be deemed the “Great Admiral of the Ocean Sea”. This stated that he was the governor of all of the land he would discover. He also wanted one-te...
In 1492, Spain's monarchy had liberated itself from Muslim reign and was eager to expand the kingdom. They employed Christopher Columbus and he went in search of new territory for the expansion of the kingdom. He set out for a second voyage in 1493; however, this voyage was different because he had plans of making claims of the land he "discovered" on his first journey (Calloway, 2012, p. 82). He brought many different species of animals and plant life as well as disease along with him. He had plans of making this land more like home, and these plans included civilizing the native peoples into the Spanish way of life.
A different idea which Columbus had was to sail west through the Atlantic instead of around the African continent which was massive. Christopher Columbus’s young logic was good and smar...
Robotics. (2012, January 7). In Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved January 7, 2012, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotics
Salsa is a term that references the style developed primarily in the 1960’s and seventies by immigrants from Puerto Rico and Cuba in New York City. It is an umbrella term, as it encompasses the dance, as well as the Latin Jazz music that accompanies it. Translated from Spanish, salsa means “sauce”, referencing the frenzied, vivid and wild nature of the movement and song. This fusion arose in the Latin dance clubs, where immigrants sought to
Williams, Gray ?Robots and Automation.? The new book of popular science. Grolier Inc., 1996, 186-94.