Mining accidents have occurred since the early days of mining.
There were a total of 525 mining disasters (incidents with five or
more fatalities) in both coal and metal/nonmetal mines. Most of
these disasters involve mine rescue teams, which are specially
trained to perform search and rescue operations in extremely
hostile environments. Robots have a great potential to assist in
these underground operations, searching ahead of rescue teams and
reporting conditions that may be hazardous to the teams.
Introduction Here we are designing the prototype module for
Mobile robot in mine to rescue and recovery on ARM7TDMI-S
Platform. Here we have two modules, Robot module and 2 Base
station modules. Robot module includes the sensors, wireless
camera and Zigbee transceiver which are mounted on the LPC2148
board. We are sending the status of the mine through Zigbee
protocol to Base station module.
Problem statement:
Coal mine is a special type of mine which is dangerous in nature.
Such mines will usually be an underground system which has less
number of pit heads. In case of any accident as given in Table 1, it
will be difficult for people to escape out of the mine. The
dangerous factors that an accident will bring along are collapse of
tunnel,gas explosion, undesired level of O2, CO and CO2, high
temperature, fire break out, etc. All
these factors can cause human and property loss. These fatal
factors menace people.
After a Coal mine disaster, the situation inside the mine is not
known. Entering into a mine without knowing the exact situation is
dangerous as the chances of a second explosion is high. Many
rescuers are killed by this second explosion. Detection of the
situation ins...
... middle of paper ...
...munication distance
CONCLUSION
The project is aimed at providing human safety for the rescue team
in hazardous environments such as coal mines .This is a prototype
which can be implemented in real time by using components with
better range and efficiency. This robot enters into hazardous
environments and provides data like the content of various gases
after the explosion has occurred and also the temperature based on
which the rescue team will be sent with necessary precautionary
measures in order to make sure that the rescue team does not come
to any harm. The conveyor belt enables the robot to run in rugged
environment overcoming the disadvantage of armed robots as they
might trip and fall in such conditions
Future implements
Bomb detection and diffusion
It can be used in Terrorist attacks situation
Security combat module
Centralia Coal Company was owned by Bell & Zoller Coal & Mining Company. Herbert E. Bell was the Chairman and William P. Young was the Vice President. Illinois ranked third in coal production. Four agencies had authority over coal mining at the time; the state of Illinois, the United States Government, Centralia Coal Company and the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA). The explosion in Centralia No. 5 occurred on March 25, 1947. Beginning with his appointment in 1941, State Mine Inspector Driscoll O. Scanlan sent inspection reports to the Department of Mines and Minerals (DMM) Director Robert M. Medill. The U.S. Bureau of Mines inspected Centralia No. 5 the first time in September 1942. Findings and recommendations were the same in all reports. Scanlan requested maintenance related to safety issues. The U.S. Bureau of Mines report supported his findings. In all this time nothing was done.
The tar creek mining site originally was owned by a Native American tribe, the Quapaw. The Quapaw wanted to keep these lands, but the Bureau of Indian Affairs deemed members opposing a transaction to mining companies “incompetent” (1). In such a case the business could continue and the Bureau of Indian Affairs sold the lands to mining companies. In essence these lands were stolen from the Quapaw because they were ripe for mining. These mines were then used from approximately 1891 to 1970. In the 79 years the mines were open 1.7 million metric tons (~3.75 billion pounds) of lead and 8.8 million metric tons (~19.4 billion pounds) of zinc were withdrawn from the mine (2). The entire area around Tar Creek is known as the tri-state mining area. This tri-state area was a massive source of metals. This area accounted for 35% of the all worldwide metal for a decade. It also provided the majority of metals the United States used in World wars I and II (3).
On February 1, 2003, the Space Shuttle Columbia was lost due to structural failure in the left wing. On take-off, it was reported that a piece of foam insulation surrounding the shuttle fleet's 15-story external fuel tanks fell off of Columbia's tank and struck the shuttle's left wing. Extremely hot gas entered the front of Columbia's left wing just 16 seconds after the orbiter penetrated the hottest part of Earth's atmosphere on re-entry. The shuttle was equipped with hundreds of temperature sensors positioned at strategic locations. The salvaged flight recorded revealed that temperatures started to rise in the left wing leading edge a full minute before any trouble on the shuttle was noted. With a damaged left wing, Columbia started to drag left. The ships' flight control computers fought a losing battle trying to keep Columbia's nose pointed forward.
The “Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster” was an event that was bound to happen. Unfortunately, seven astronauts lost their life in a failure that could have easily been prevented. The failure of the rocket booster O-rings gave way to gas leaks through the external fuel tank which caused the explosion. NASA has came a long way since 1986, however history cannot be erased. In my opinion, this failure traces back to the management. It doesn't make sense to me that an O.K. to launch was given after insufficient testing, lack of communication, and disapproval from others involved in the build. The wrong people must have been given the wrong responsibilities. After reading the background, I can only think that the ones in charge were racing with time, considering economic & political
Massey Energy Corporation failed to comply with governmental regulations for the application of rock dust. Thus, resulting in an explosive coal dust build up on the surface and in the air. Over fifty percent of the mine area where the explosion happened was poorly rock dust at the time of the explosion. Additionally, it was found that the area of the longwall where the explosion began had not been rock dusted since September 2009. Upper Big Branch Mine failed to have enough ventilation to provide miners with fresh, breathable air, and to remove methane and coal dust. Particularly, the push-pull ventilation system failed; consequently, the methane from the poor ventilation delivered fuel for the initial fireball. Also the water sprayers on the longwall shearer were not working properly and failed to extinguish the initial spark. After this event, Massey Energy Corporation version of what caused the explosion was completely different. The company blamed the events leading to this explosion on an unfortunate labor accident.
When I hear the words gold and diamonds the first thing I think of are, gold rings and gold bracelets all encrusted with diamonds. Not once does my mind say I wonder how these diamonds were found? who found them? was it difficult to locate? How long did it take? What were the environment, human, or economic impact did mining theses diamonds and gold were? Diamond mining began between December 1866 and February 1867 in the Cape Colony, South Africa. When a 15-year-old boy named Erasmus, Jacobs found a transparent rock on his father’s farm, on the south bank of the Orange River .
This being my senior project I wanted to look at a topic that I found
In December 3, 1984, 42 metric tons of toxic methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas billowed from the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) plant in Bhopal. The lethal gas leaked into the air and drifted to the shanty towns nearby. With an estimated death tolls amounting 20,000 people and approximately 800,000 population exposed to the deadly fumes in 1984 , it is no wonder why this incident was considered as the world’s most tragic industrial disaster. Until today, Bhopal disaster survivors suffered with lingering long-term adverse health effects including but not limited to nerve damage, obstructive respiratory tracts, emotional distress, birth defects and escalated rates of cancer and tuberculosis.
Disaster can be defined as a sudden or recurring event or incident that disrupts the normal activities or livelihood of people. It is an event that posed a dangerous threat to the safety of people, assets, buildings, infrastructure, and the environment when it occurs. In parallel, Shaluf and Ahmadun (2006) believed that “disaster is an emergency situation that leads to the loss of life; it will damage properties and environment and hinder the social and economic activities of people”. In addition, DFID (2004) defines disaster as “a severe interruption to the community daily life due from people vulnerability towards the disaster impacts and involves loss of life as well as the assets which affect their ability to
Earth has many natural disasters that affect billions of people every year. Whether it is hurricanes, torrential rain, snow storms, or even tornadoes. But there is a natural disaster which unlike the others, is unpredictable. Earthquakes, one of the most feared natural disasters can kill thousands and affect millions when they occur. They can also be a precursor to an even worse event, the tsunami. Tsunamis cause even more damage than earthquakes, and most of the time it is the cause for most deaths after an earthquake. Even with the technology today we cannot predict when and where earthquakes will strike. This alone to me makes earthquakes and tsunamis two of nature’s fascinating and remarkable events.
It encompasses the fire department and the police. It is tasked with providing safety and security for all persons through protection of life and property; safe, humane custody. It is also responsible for well displacement and migration issues in Malawi and meet the needs of refugees and asylum seekers.
Recent Natural Disaster Towards the end of January 2016, a major blizzard was predicted to produce up to two feet of snow in parts of the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast United States. Media outlets had termed the blizzard Winter Storm Jonas and Snowzilla and regarded it as potentially historic***. The storm was so large that it was able to be seen from space. Astronaut Scott Kelly released a picture of Winter Storm Jonas from aboard the International Space Station on January 23***. Type of Disaster The blizzard, considered a natural disaster, was rated as a Category 4 or “Crippling” winter storm on NOAA’s Northeast Snowfall Impact Scale***.
Disasters are occurring more frequently during the last few decades and they are threatening the safety and lives of people around the world. Moreover, research has confirmed that the number of disasters has increased in recent years (AL Khalaileh, M.A., Bond, E. & ALasad, J.A. , 2012; Bond, A. E., & Tichy, M., 2009). Accordingly, organizations and society both face a significant challenge in the matter of responding to these disasters.
Natural disasters happen all over the world and they can be completely devastating for people and the environments they live. Natural disasters are caused by nature and there is nothing that we can do to prevent them from happening, there are many different events that lead to natural disasters, and being aware of these causes enables us to be better prepared when such disasters present themselves. China is one of the unlucky countries that commonly have natural disasters. China is the world's most populous country, with a population of over 1.35 billion. There are so many people there that put their life at risk just by being in one place at the wrong time. Some of these disasters have ruined the life of hundreds of millions of people. Some of the more devastating natural disasters China has are earthquakes, droughts, floods, mud slides, wildfires, and massive storms.
The United Nation defines a disaster as a genuine disturbance of the working of a group or a general public. Disasters include broad human, material, monetary or natural effects, which exceed the capacity of the influenced group or society to adapt utilizing its own resources. There is no nation that is safe from disaster, however weakness to disaster shifts.