1.0 Disaster management
Disaster can be defined as a sudden or recurring event or incident that disrupts the normal activities or livelihood of people. It is an event that posed a dangerous threat to the safety of people, assets, buildings, infrastructure, and the environment when it occurs. In parallel, Shaluf and Ahmadun (2006) believed that “disaster is an emergency situation that leads to the loss of life; it will damage properties and environment and hinder the social and economic activities of people”. In addition, DFID (2004) defines disaster as “a severe interruption to the community daily life due from people vulnerability towards the disaster impacts and involves loss of life as well as the assets which affect their ability to
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From that, 5,139 incidents took place in Asia and the Pacific. Most frequent disaster faced by the Asia Pacific was flood and storms, followed by tsunamis, earthquakes and landslides.
Figure 1. Total Occurrences of Natural Disaster Events from 1970 to 2014 (Source: United Nation, 2015) Figure 2. Occurrences of Natural Disaster Events in Asia and the Pacific from 1970 to 2014 (Source: United Nation,
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Most of the disasters especially natural disaster cannot be prevented. Nevertheless, their result can be alleviated. Thus, by having a proper disaster management plan, unnecessary loss of lives and damages towards the assets and properties can be prevented.
According to Nateghi-Alahi and Izadkhah (2004), disaster management act as preliminary measures to deal with the disaster. It aids to lower down the risks by having a proper planning of what the community should do and how they should deal and react when disaster struck. It will assist and educate them generously on how to use available resources to get back on their feet and
The city 's fire department need to be the lead disaster management agency because the department has taken greater responsibility by offering a broad range of emergency services. Among the services that the fire department offers include emergency medical services, emergency management, fire suppression, special rescue situations, hazardous materials response, and disaster mitigation (May & Williams, 2012). Therefore, the fire department will take greater responsibility and collaborate better with other organizations.
Emergency management is a career about managing risk that are both technological and naturally occurring. Though these two terms are synonymous with each other in-terms of modern conceptualization of disasters; this has not always been the case. In the developmental history of emergency management these two sources of disaster; were often seen as two completely independent sources of danger, and as a result the emergency management community encountered steep and costly learning curve in managing the hazards associated with these sources risk.
Definition of disaster- Disaster can be defined as a state of extreme ruin and misfortune.
Pre impact conditions mixed with event specific conditions combined with one another during a disaster produce physical and social impacts to a community. The impact from each disaster can be reduced by interventions through emergency management. By assessing these pre impact conditions, an emergency manager can produce social risks and vulnerabilities within their community. Integrating these social risks and vulnerabilities emergency mangers can use the four most important phases in emergency management: preparedness, planning, response, and recovery to benefit their community as a whole.
Natural disasters are scary and cause some serious problems. Those problems may be short-term, such as small flood meaning new crops need to be planted. However, the same disaster can also bring some long-term problems too. A long-term problem cause by a flood could be needing to get out of debt because paying for somewhere to stay until repairs are done costs money, then paying for the repairs such as water damage and damaged furniture also costs money. There are also so many different natural disasters that can cause life-changing problems. Some natural disasters that cause horrifying damage are volcanoes, hurricane, tornadoes, tsunamis, floods and so many more. After reading the articles “Memories of the Flood” and “Hurricane Mitch” I
When disasters strike people are scared and need a place to turn for help. Health care facilities must have a plan in place to protect and help the people effected. There are lots of types of disasters, some are caused by nature and some are human made. Disaster management must encompasses prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery (Stanhope and Lancaster, 2016, p. 507). Being prepared may be difficult because there are so many types of disasters, but by making a plan it is possible to retain order and adapt to the situation.
Natural Disasters can occur anywhere at anytime. Some are more predictable than others, but they all bring hardship to everyone’s life. Examples of natural disasters are Earthquakes (Haiti 2010), Tornadoes, Tsunami, Hurricanes, Wild Fires, Winter Storms, Heat waves, Mudslides and Floods. Regardless of what kind of disaster occurs, bottom line, everyone needs to be prepared mentally and physically to deal with the aftermath. Education is the first step to prepare you to deal with any major disaster. Three of the major disasters that can potentially disrupt normal day to day operations in our lives, are Hurricanes, Tsunamis and Tornadoes.
The disaster plan helps mitigate the consequence of undesirable events for areas under the facilities realm of control. Failure to conduct this planning will translate into loss of life and greater costs associated with insurance coverage (Carroll,
According to Perry (2007), disasters broadly as situations that involve not just impact, but the threat of an interruption of normally effective procedures for reducing certain tensions, together with a dramatic increase in tensions. In addition, he stated that the disasters disrupt the social order, producing physical destruction and death becomes important because people must cope by departing from the pattern of norm expectations. He retained the negative dimension as a key feature of disasters as well as the importance of social consequences generated by a need to change normative behaviors. In other words, disaster can be defined, as events that can give negative impacts towards society, which can concludes people’s deaths, damage of environment and cause a lot of physical injuries. Disasters can be divided into two which are the first one is natural disasters such as tsunamis and another one is man-made disasters that conclude war or bomb blasts. But in terms of natural disasters, Shah (2011) claimed
Disaster Risk Management (DRM) refers to a framework of reducing disaster risk by including management perspective that combines prevention, mitigation, and preparedness with the response. Its purpose is to reduce possible factors that cause risk and to prepare response to it (Baas et al. 2008). It includes action taken by actors, such as public authorities, communities, civil societies, and private sectors, before (pre-disaster), during (disaster), and after a disaster (post-disaster) as a cycle.
There are different types and causes of disasters; man-made, natural and a combination. Man-made disasters are caused by human error or human actions that cause harm to the environment, and people (Baack & Alfred, 2013). Natural disasters are caused by nature a hurricane for example; and a combination; NA-TECH (natural-technological) examples are earthquakes that cause structural damage such as a collapse of a bridge (Nies & McEwen, 2011). Communities must have effective emergency preparedness in place to reduce the causalities from a disaster.
In the end I would like to say that disasters are inevitable so the authorities should be prepare beforehand and when the disaster actually occurs the response should be fast and effective. There after the recovery from the loss occurred should be well planned and future planning should be done so that much better protection steps can prevent larger damage.
The Japan disaster was devastating, and it had an abundance of causes and effects. The nuclear disaster, the tsunami, and the earthquake were the causes of the disaster in Japan. In addition, the disaster had countless effects on the land and people in Japan. The disaster in Japan was as devastating and tragic as 9/11. Both events took a great number of lives and left their country shocked, but prepared them for anything similar that might happen in the future. Knowing the causes and effects of Japan’s disaster can prepare other people and countries around the world for a comparable disaster.
The increase in unpredictable natural disasters events for a decade has led to put the disaster preparedness as a central issue in disaster management. Disaster preparedness reduces the risk of loss lives and injuries and increases a capacity for coping when hazard occurs. Considering the value of the preparatory behavior, governments, local, national and international institutions and non-government organizations made some efforts in promoting disaster preparedness. However, although a number of resources have been expended in an effort to promote behavioural preparedness, a common finding in research on natural disaster is that people fail to take preparation for such disaster events (Paton, 2005; Shaw 2004; Spittal, et.al, 2005; Tierney, 1993; Kenny, 2009; Kapucu, 2008; Coppola and Maloney, 2009). For example, the fact that nearly 91% of Americans live in a moderate to high risk of natural disasters, only 16% take a preparation for natural disaster (Ripley, 2006).
Of the four phases of emergency management, mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery, perhaps the place that individuals can make the biggest difference in their own state of resiliency and survival of a disaster is in the preparedness phase. Being prepared before a disaster strikes makes sense yet many people fail to take even simple, precautionary steps to reduce the consequences of destruction and mayhem produced by natural events such as earthquakes, volcanos and tornados (see Paton et al, 2001, Mileti and Peek, 2002; Tierney, 1993, Tierney et al, 2001).