As submitted by Yan et al., (2011), meniscus tears, a condition prevalent among the old and young patients in equal measures are common predisposing factors for knee pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is done on the knee section and has incidentally found meniscal tears to be a typical case in regards to the general population. The prevalence of the condition was also determined to increase with the advancement of age. The purpose of the study is to conduct a prediction of the probability of the condition (meniscus tears) using a comparison of patient’s test history and MRI with physical examination (McMurray’s test). The authors of the article under review argue that it is critical to make meniscus tears diagnosis that is accurate to enable the administration of the most …show more content…
McMurray's test, locking and Giving Way were the independent factors for diagnosis that predicted a correct 80 percent in the meniscal tear diagnosis during arthroscopy. In regards to MRI, the combined values of the three tests (locking, Giving way and McMurray) were as follows: 88,90,90 for accuracy, 96, 97,97 for sensitivity, 74,76,74 for specificity, 87,88,88 for PPV and 90, 94,94 for NPV. The study determined that MRI shows a higher accuracy in comparison to giving way, locking and McMurray tests in regards to NPV and sensitivity. A combination of the other three tests seems appropriate for the diagnosis of the meniscal lesion. As informed by these results, there is a need for a standardized manner of MRI to be employed in the detection of meniscal tears in arthroscopy. However, the study seems to have a limitation regarding the study group. The target population was arthroscopy patients, which meant a possibility of higher prevalence in meniscal tear cases.
Shiel W Jr.and Stoppler M. (2011). Osteoarthritis . Available: http://www.medicinenet.com/osteoarthritis/article.htm . Last accessed December 2013.
Nisell R. (1985) Mechanics of the knee: A study of joint and muscle load with clinical applications. Acta Orthop Scand 216; 1-42.
According to Diaz (2008), the results from the study showed that the images from the new 3D technology were far clearer and more defined when compared to the US-A traditional device. In muscle contusions and lesions of the tendons, the definitions of hemorrhaged areas increased dramatically. The images from the chronic ligament injuries showed where the scar tissue had formed and provided a better visualization of the damaged tissue. Finally, the new US-B system allowed the ultrasound specialist to see the contents of the bursa sac and thickness of the walls more clearly.
The most common knee injury in sports is damage to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) through tears or sprains. “They occur in high demand sports that involve planting and cutting, jumping with a poor landing, and stopping immediately or changing directions” (University of Colorado Hospital). The ACL is a ligament that runs diagonally in the middle of the knee and found at the front of the patellar bone. Its function involves controlling the back and forth motion of the knee, preventing the tibia from sliding out in front of the femur, and providing rational stability to the knee. Interestingly, women are more prone to ACL injuries than men. The occurrence is four to six times greater in female athletes.
Throughout the years, many sports have evolved from that of their beginning. Be it through rule changes, advances in the way people watch the game, advances in how they play the game, but this biggest one of all is the change in equipment. This is most commonly seen and heard about in American football. Due to all of the advances in the medical field and seeing the sports injuries that occur. Football had to adapt and change to the new standards of safety for the players with new and improved equipment to lessen the chance of long term damage.
“The anterior cruicate ligament is a strong band that arises from the posterior middle part of the lateral condyle of the femur, it passes anteriorly and inferiorly between the condyle, and is attached to the depression in front of the intercondylar eminence of the tibia (Mosby‘s page. 105).” The tear of the A.C.L is described as a partial or complete rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament. The A.C.L. does not repair by itself. It is so important to an athlete in most sports because an athlete has to be able to rotate the knee in specific directions. The tear happens more frequently in soccer, basketball, and volleyball. Athletes who started participating in a sport while they were young have a greater chance of sustaining a tear. Women are more susceptible to this injury than men. Theories for this include hormonal, environmental, and biomechanical factors. “Women‘s muscles react differently in landing. Doctors say that women land with straighter legs than men do; thus, they pass their shock to the A.C.L. resulting in a tear. Environmental factors are shoes and playing surfaces.” (Patrick, Dick)
Have you ever been injured? By sports? If so, what injury did you have? Did you do active rehabilitation? Do you try to prevent injury when exercising? These are some questions that you might need to ask yourself when exercising or participating in sports. You also must know that there are many sports injuries as well as many ways to prevent them.
Whether you lose consciousness or not, when you are hit and impacted in the head during a sport, you could suffer from a concussion. Many football players and hockey players get hit extremely hard in the head during their games, the impact can cause brain damage, stunt essential growth, and have long term effects. Athletes who have suffered from a concussion should get cleared by a medical professional before heading back to the field or rink. Although athletes want to strive to achieve a scholarship and get back on the field, this could be detrimental to their overall health, presently and in the future.
Dutton, M. (2012). Dutton's Orthopaedic examination, evaluation, and intervention (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
The majority of ACL injuries suffered during athletic participation are of the noncontact variety. Three main noncontact mechanisms have been identified planting and cutting, straight-knee landing and one-step stop landing with the knee hyperextended. Pivoting and sudden deceleration are also common mechanisms of noncontact ACL injury. Basketball, soccer, and volleyball consistently produce some of the highest ACL injury rates across various age groups. Other activities with a high rate of injury are gymnastics, martial arts, and running. In most sports, injuries occur more often in games than in practice. Many injuries have occurred during the first 30 minutes of play. One-reason physicians are seeing more ACL injuries in female patients that more women play sports, and they play more intensely. But as they continued to do more studies, they are finding that women's higher rate of ACL is probably due ...
The most common musculoskeletal disorder and a major cause of disability in people over 65 years is osteoarthritis (OA) (Felson DT et al, 1987) (1). According to World Health Organization (WHO) report, OA of knee is more likely to become the fourth most important cause of disability in women, and the eighth most important cause in men (Murray CJL, Lopez AD, 1997)(2) . Primary prevention of knee OA has become a major health care aim and a clear understanding of the risk factors is required to design preventive strategies. Many investigations reported obesity, previous history of knee injury, sedentary life style, hand OA (Heberden’s nodes), and a familial history of the disease are major risk factors for OA of knee (Cyrus Cooper et al, 2000) (3). In spite of recent advancements the causes and pathogenesis of knee OA remains largely unknown (A Teichtahl, A Wluka, F M Cicuttini, 2003) (4) but however there is increasing research interest in the contribution of biomechanical variables on progression and management of the disease (Andriacchi TP, 1991) (5).
A 16 year old, female high school soccer player, Lindsey Robinson tore her anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) from a soccer game. Interestingly, she was not the only one in her team who injured her ACL, but also several of her teammates have torn the same ligament as well during the soccer season. Lephart (2002) found that women involved in physical activity are more susceptible to acquire the ACL injuries than men who are involved in the same physical activity (as cited in Ogden, 2002). According to “ACL Injury Prevention” (2004), the numbers on female ACL ruptures have been increased for the past ten year. Over 1.4 million women have been suffered from the ACL rupture which is twice the rate of the previous decade. Therefore, female ACL injuries are now a growing problem in the nation (Anonymous, 2004). Back in 1950s and 1960s, female participation in sports was rare; therefore, the rate of injuries was very low. However, according to “ACL Injuries and Female Athletes” (n.d), as Title IX was implemented in 1972, female participation in numerous sports has dramatically increased. Moreover, the rate of acquiring injuries to the ACL also has dramatically increased (Anonymous, n.d). In terms of comparing the rate of acquiring ACL injuries between two genders, females have higher rate than males do. According to the “Physical Therapy Corner” (2007), “women suffered anterior cruciate ligament injuries more often than men, nearly 4 times as often in basketball, 3 times as often in gymnastics, and nearly 2 and a half times as often in soccer” (Knee Injuries section, para.1). There are various risk factors that contribute to the high rate of acquiring injuries to the ACL for female athletes. External factors such as improper sh...
The knee is a hinge joint which is located between the femur in the upper leg, the tibia and fibula in the lower leg and the patella it is the largest most complicated joint of its kind in the human body. This joint is the main reason we can walk as it is strong and durable while maintaining the wide range of motions necessary for locomotion. There are many internal and external ligaments that reinforce the knee as it holds up the entire body’s weight with little reinforcement from the surrounding bones, it is this lack of reinforcement allows the knee to slightly rotate when flexed while also allowing a large degree of flexion. The fibrocartilage called the meniscus found between the femur and tibia acts as a shock absorber to prevent collisions
An ankle fracture is a break in one or more of the three bones that make up the ankle joint. The ankle joint is made up by the lower (distal) sections of your lower leg bones (tibia and fibula) along with a bone in your foot (talus). Depending on how bad the break is and if more than one ankle joint bone is broken, a cast or splint is used to protect and keep your injured bone from moving while it heals. Sometimes, surgery is required to help the fracture heal properly.
"What Tests Might Be Ordered ." Penn Orthopaedics . N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Mar. 2014. .