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Stigma attached with aids
Importance of HIV and Aids in public health
Stigma attached with aids
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Mandatory AIDS Testing
AIDS has become a worldwide epidemic that has struck every identifiable group.
However, persons who are considered to be in a high-risk group of contracting
HIV, the disease believed to cause AIDS, are still stigmatized by the media and
other professionals as being diseased and abnormal. It is quite surprising
still that this type of stereotype still exists now in our gender-bending
society. No longer do only gays, prostitutes, bisexual men, intravenous drug
users contract HIV, the heterosexual community is also facing the epidemic at
phenomenon increases. It is estimated that heterosexual transmission accounts
for 75% of all AIDS cases in the world.(Video, CBC In Review) And still
individuals persist that AIDS is a gay disease and that if one is not gay, one
is immune from it. No one is immune to from AIDS. Until a vaccine and cure is
discovered for AIDS, the numbers will increase and people will keep dying.
Therefore it is of vital importance to educate people about AIDS and to promote
safer sex. The key word now is prevention. Among many proposed policies to
help prevent AIDS infection, one of the most controversial is mandatory AIDS
testing. Mandatory AIDS testing is theoretically very effective, however, when
it is applied, it is not practical at all because one is dealing with human
nature, the odd nature of the virus itself, and also all of the stigmas that are
attached to AIDS. Therefore, not only will mandatory AIDS testing not prevent
HIV infection, it will indirectly increase HIV infection because of the adverse
effect it will have on voluntary testers. One of the major flaws of mandatory
AIDS testing is that "it provides people with a false sense of security."(Greig,
p68) When one goes for AIDS testing or more accurately an HIV antibody test
which is also know as the ELISA test (Kolodny, p42), one tests for the presence
of HIV antibodies not for the virus itself. Our bodies manufacture antibodies
to fight against foreign infections, therefore the presence of HIV antibodies
indicates that the person is infected with HIV and is considered a carrier and
may infect others. However, if the person is infected recently enough, these
antibodies might not show up in the test because it can take the body as long as
six months to develop these antibodies. This period of time is known as the
window period. So a person whose test returns with a negative HIV status may be
in fact a carrier and not know it because the antibodies have not shown up yet.
Misguided, this individual believing to be HIV negative, may participate in high
It is crucial to understand that, unlike most transmissible diseases, AIDS/HIV is not transmitted through sneezing, coughing, eating or drinking from common utensils, or even being around an infected person. Casual contact with AIDS/HIV infected persons does not place others at risk. HIV/AIDS can be passed through unprotected sex with an infected person, sharing contaminated needles, from infected mother to baby during pregnancy, birth or breastfeeding, and through direct exposure to infected blood or blood
This virus searches for a new vulnerable host in order to survive and carry the disease to the next victim. The critical aspect around the spread of a virus is how drastically the reproduction process occurs. Without being controlled, the contamination throughout any species causes the spread to take place in a toxic way, “On day one, there were two people. And then, four, and then, sixteen. In three months, it’s a billion.
Interval training brings many benefits to the aerobic system. Perhaps the most important benefit is an increase in its capacity to produce energy. This is brought about by increased capacity to consume oxygen during exercise. Several experiments have yielded results demonstrating that interval training increases both VO2 peak (Perry, 2008) and VO2 max (Sloth, 2013). Oxygen is necessary for the conversion of sugar, protein, and lipids into usable energy. The chemical processes involved in aerobic metabolism are not possible without oxygen, particularly the electron transport chain, the mechanism responsible for 95% of the ATP needed to keep cells alive. Oxygen is necessary to capture the large amount of energy locked in the chemical bonds of pyruvic acid, the product of the anaerobic process glycolysis. Thus, the more oxygen the body is able to consume, the greater production of ATP via the aerobic system.
There are many reasons why the American Heart Association recommends at least 150 minutes of physical activity per week (3). Exercise has many proven benefits for the human body including physiological, mental and preventative aspects. Usually, one of the main ideas behind exercise is weight loss or healthy weight maintenance and this is crucial in preventing or regressing many diseases. Obesity is quickly becoming a global epidemic, and in the United States alone over the last two decades there have be...
Infection with HIV does not necessarily mean that a person has AIDS, although people who are HIV-positive are often mistakenly said to have AIDS. In fact, a person can remain HIV-positive for more than ten years without developing any of the clinical illnesses that define and constitute a diagnosis of AIDS. In 1997 an estimated 30.6 million people worldwide were living with HIV or AIDS—29.5 million adults and 1.1 million children. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that between 1981, when the first AIDS cases were reported, and the end of 1997...
The stigmatization and discrimination that goes hand and hand with a positive diagnosis of HIV/AIDS is overwhelming. FreeDictonary.com defines discrimination as the “treatment or consideration based on class or category rather than individual merit; partiality or prejudice.” In essence, discrimination is about actions and stigma relates to beliefs and attitudes. Both however are built up on negative views of a person just because they are apart of a specific group. All over the world, there are well-documented cases of people living with HIV that are being denied the right to health- care, work, education, and freedom of movement, among others. (UNAIDS 2005) This stigma and discrimination exist globally, although it appears differently...
Aerobic exercise formal definition is defined as strengthening the heart and lungs by making them work hard for several minutes or more. According to the American Heart Association, titled “American Heart Association Recommendations for Physical Activity in Adults”, studies have shown that staying active, such as performing cardiovascular exercise, can help prevent heart disease and stroke, which are the nation's No.1 and No.4 killers.
Human development has drastically changed within the exercise and fitness industry since the 1940’s. This industry is now one of the largest, most studied, and sought out aspects of human life. Many people depend on exercise to sustain their health and change their bodies both physically and mentally. Specifically, many look to change their body composition, meaning how much muscular lean tissue and fat they have (Zanker, Cathy, and Louise). In many circumstances, such changes to one’s body are heavily scrutinized and evaluated against social norms (O’Donnell). Exercise to improve body composition can be done using two different methods, anaerobic and aerobic exercise. In regards to improving body composition, anaerobic exercise's effects are
...were mentally ill or psychotic. Frank Kameny, a leader of the gay rights movement, perpetuated the idea that “Homosexuality is not a sickness…but is merely a preference, an orientation, or propensity, on par with, and not different in kind from, heterosexuality.” (Sherry Wolf, Sexuality and Socialism) Some schools even went as far as to create public safe spaces for gay students such as Columbia University’s Student Homophile League. Now, people are well aware of the presence of the LGBTQ community, and members are even trying to educate people who seem ignorant or bigoted. Many people currently dedicate a good portion of their lives to learning and teaching people about the gay rights movement and how it functions today. The community has evolved to include transgender, asexual, pansexual, and non binary people as well as a multitude of other labels and identities.
In the beginning the movie the scientist used many methods to identify the virus. One of the methods was when the character Dr. Dan Francis, compares the disease with a similar virus called Hepatitis B. Although they are similar, it doesn’t prove a lot. After that didn’t work, they realize that not only gay people could get it. Many people with donated blood, started to have it, including babies. The doctors and scientist decided to tell the blood banks to start checking their blood. This could show people that it was ant only gay men who could have it but also, anybody and it could be transferred by blood also. However the blood banks denied checking their blood. Later on scientist in France discovered the virus and told the scientist in America.
What is motivation? According to text, motivation is defined as a set of factors that activate, direct, and maintain behavior, usually toward a certain goal. Motivation is the energy that makes us do things: this is a result of our individual needs being satisfied so that we have inspiration to complete the mission. These needs vary from person to person as everybody has their individual needs to motivate themselves. Depending on how motivated we are, it may further determine the effort we put into our work and therefore increase the standard of the productivity. There have been a wide variety of theories about motivation developed over the years. Several are drive-reduction theory, arousal theory, psychosocial (both incentive and cognitive) theory, and Maslow’s H...
Since the dawn of humanity, exercise has been crucial for physical survival. In recent times, however, exercise is losing its significance to human survival. Some would argue that it already has lost its significance, and as exercise becomes less important, people exercise less. According to fitness.gov, only 33% of adults receive the recommended amount of physical activity each week (citation). Clearly there is a problem. However, there is still a fraction of the population that exercises diligently. Why do these people stick with it? Exercise has countless advantages that are still extremely important to our lives. So even though the need of exercise may appear to be diminishing, the practical effects should be enough to encourage people
In a simple terms, motivation means energizing the people to do what they do not want to do in such a way that is beneficial for each of the involved individuals and organizations. In other words, motivation is the outcome of the interaction between the factors of internal and external nature which kindle the aspirations, desire, willingness, and energy in the peoples so that they become committed to their responsibilities, roles, character or any other subject to a greater level of interest than before to achieve the goal in the desired way.
What is the reason behind certain behavior of an individual? What initiates an individual to do something either that is good or bad? How do people succeed in reaching goal? These questions certainly deal with motivation as motivation provides base for a person’s action, desires and needs. Motivation encourages us to move towards certain goals that may be due to rewards, incentives, and or driving forces. It is a presumed internal or external force that energizes or encourages certain actions. For instance, a baby eats a whole glass of milk after the mother promises to provide a candy bar afterwards. Thus, motivation is an activating action that stimulates people to do something. In general motivation is the process of starting, directing and