Examining the Effects of pH Level on Lead Concentration Dr. Couper Azzara Nincevic 5 October INTRODUCTION PURPOSE The purpose of this experiment is to investigate how the pH of a solution affects the lead concentration of that solution after a lead sinker is submerged for 24 hours. The independent variable is the pH of each solution group; the dependent variable is the lead concentration of the solution after 24 hours. BACKGROUND RESEARCH The element lead has atomic symbol Pb and atomic number 82 (Gagnon, n.d.). This bluish-white element is classified as a heavy metal, due to its metallic physical properties such as a metallic lustre, a high density of 11.342 grams per cubic centimeter, and a low melting …show more content…
This can cause both temporary and permanent damage to a person’s health. Children and adults who experience lead poisoning often have long-lasting issues with cognitive function (Torrice, 2016, pp. 26-29). Lead exposure can be occupational, commercial, or environmental. Occupational lead exposure is when a person is at risk for chronic lead poisoning due to their job. Many manufacturing, plumbing, and construction jobs put employees at a high risk. Commercial lead exposure is caused by the presence of lead in a commercial product. The most notable instance of this is lead-based paint. Environmental lead exposure, specifically lead contamination of drinking water, is the type of lead poisoning that will be addressed in this …show more content…
The human stomach is warmer, has a lower pH than the water, and has a presence of chloride. Because of these factors, particles of lead may dissolved further and be more harmful (Triantafyllidou, Parks, & Edwards, 2007, pp. 1-3). This discrepancy means that it is doubly important to lower the lead concentration of drinking water as much as possible in order to ensure the safety of people who drink municipal water on a regular
... water crisis will have a long term affect on those who are consuming this water on a daily basis. Lead attack the brain and can cause coma and possibly death. Children who survive lead poisoning are left with serious health issues such as metal defects and leave a child mentally unstable. Even at lower levels of exposure symptoms such as behavioural changes such as reduced attention span, reduced intelligence quotient (IQ). Children with smaller amount of lead exposure also showed increased anti social behaviour, it also reduces educational attainment. These side effect of high lead exposure can leave children scarred for life. The water crisis in Flint Michigan car scar children for life. This could all be resolved if they could come to an agreement and replace the water pipes, allowing for cleaner and healthier water to be accessible to citizens in Flint Michigan.
Thorough analysis of the graph displayed enough evidence suggesting that an increase in substrate concentration will increase the height of bubbles until it reaches the optimum amount of substrate concentration, resulting in a plateau in the graphs (figure 2). Hence; supported the hypothesis.
This is why the Flint water crisis is so critical today. Because young children are being exposed to lead and they should actually be screened from the lead. The pipelines with lead in the water system and the whole community of Flint, not being able to drink water out of the facet as well as not being able to
The lead got into the water because the city started using the Flint River until they could get it from somewhere else, and the pipes had lead in them, but they didn't fix them in order to save money because it was temporary. While the water was passing through the pipes the lead came off and got into the water.
This graph shows that as enzyme concentration increases absorption also increases. In this case absorbance can be used to measure the enzyme’s activity, the higher the absorption the higher the activity. Since absorption increases as enzyme concentration increases, enzyme activity is promoted by increased enzyme concentrations. After a certain point enzyme activity would fail to increase as a result of increased enzyme concentration since there wouldn’t be enough substrate for all of the enzymes to react with.
Lead is a metal found virtually everywhere even today. Sources of lead include auto body shops, electric storage batteries, glazes for china dishes, crockery, insecticides, electric cable insulation, hose, pipe, sheet and floor coverings. Lead is associated with stain glass work, jewelry making and antique ceramic doll painting. Although lead in paint was outlawed, there are still many homes that have lead paint (White et al, 1990). Lead found in gasoline was found in one study to account for 23--27% of the lead blood levels in the people tested (Wagner, 1991). This exposure to lead sources is more of a concern for children due to the characteristic habit of children to taste everything they touch; this characteristic is known as pica. Children are also in closer contact with their lead polluted environment during play. They are more active and exposed to outdoor contaminates and they inhale dust and dirt that are lead contaminated. Furthermore, the adsorption rate of lead in the digestive tract is up to 10 times greater in chil...
The experiment we did was Copper Cycle. We reverted the copper to its elemental form after a chain of reactions. We performed a series of reactions, starting with copper metal and nitric acid to form copper (ii) nitrate. Then we reacted copper with sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and zinc to form precipitates. In conclusion our percent recovery was 40.38%.
When lead enters the environment, it starts to become a problem. After a period of about ten days, depending on the weather, it falls to the surface. Here lead builds up in the soil particles. Where it may make its way into underground water or drinking water due to the fact the grounds acidic or if it's soft enough. Either way it stays a long time on the soil or in water. Months or years down the road after the lead has built up it starts to become a problem for children that play outside of their homes . This lead containing soil particles get on the child's hands or clothing and end up in the child's mouth. After the build up of so much lead it leads to lead poison. Lead poisoning has been an issue since the early 1900s, when the use of lead started being banned from the manufacturing of paint in foreign countries such as Australia. Unfortunately, the United States did not start banning it until 1978, when it finally became illegal in our nation. Today 90% of the lead in the atmosphere comes from the burning of gasoline. This problem has been a large issue since the 1920s, when the Environmental Protection Agency started making laws on the amount of lead allowed in gasoline.
4.Bressler, J. P. and Goldstein, G.W. "Mechanisms of Lead Toxicity." Biochemical Pharmacology. 1991; 41: 479-84.
Exposure to medications or drugs during pregnancy can result in abnormalities such as withdrawal symptom, respiratory problems, growth retardation, developmental retardation, congenital heart defects, caudal deficiency and CNS defects. Known prenatal birth defects resulting from environmental toxins such as Lead, mercury or PCB’s are miscarriage, CNS damage, spasticity, mental retardation, skin discoloration and low birth weight.
The purpose of this experiment is to use our knowledge from previous experiments to determine the theoretical, actual, and percent yields of the lead chromate from the reaction of solutions of potassium chromate and lead nitrate (Lab Guide pg. 83).
Numerous studies have demonstrated that children in poverty have a higher mortality rate than their counterparts who are at a socioeconomic advantage. According to Gateway Pediatrics, national surveys often report impoverished parents often report their children’s health as being “poor” and “fair” compared to more affluent parents who often report their child’s health as being “excellent” (Wood, 2003). Wood states that children that come from low-income families have “higher rates of hospital admissions, disability days, and death rates” (2003). Impoverished families frequently lack access to basic affordable health care and are affected more commonly by single-parent families and poor nutritional health habits. Poor housing also plays a factor in subpar health conditions among children in poverty. As reported by the Nutrition Examination Survey, impoverished children have a statically greater chance of being exposed to toxic elements such a lead. Approximately four to five million children reside in housing that contains levels of lead, which is well above the threshold for safety. The surveys highlights that more than a million of these children who are younger than 6 years of age have elevated lead levels in their blood (Wood,
When lead is ingested by adults through contaminated water, adults can display many harmful outcomes. For example, when lead is ingested by an adult they may experience high blood pressure (Brown & Margolis, 2012). The high blood pressure can put them at risk for cardiovascular cancer (Brown & Margolis, 2012). Not only is high blood pressure a major concern for adults who ingest lead but kidney failure and gout can be present because of high levels of lead in the blood stream (Brown & Margolis, 2012). Lead can cause many problems for adults who ingest
Symptoms of lead poisoning include loss of appetite, weakness, anemia, vomiting, and convulsions, sometimes leading to permanent brain damage or death. Children who ingest chips of old, lead-containing paint or are exposed to dust from the deterioration of such paint may exhibit symptoms. Levels of environmental lead considered nontoxic may also be involved in increased hypertension in a significant number of persons, according to studies released in the mid-1980s. As a result, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control in recent years have been revising downward the levels of environmental lead that it would consider safe.
In chemistry, metals compose a great number of the periodic table elements. Each metal has its own characteristic mass,