Alan J. Pakula’s “Klute” is widely known in the music industry for its uncommon use of musical instruments in the non-diegetic music during mysterious parts of the thrilling movie. Alongside, the frightening tune, a pattern of low-key lighting mixed with not revealing the identity of the man whom Bree is fearful of and who Klute is looking for, is evident whenever the music starts. Combining the two patterns with the non-diegetic music gives the audience a sense of mystery, thrill, and fear as they respond cognitively by trying to uncover who is after Bree.
Michael Small was the musical mastermind behind the eerie soundtrack of “Klute”, his first Hollywood film. Small elected to make his impression by streaming away from the previous uses of symphony and jazz commonly used in thrilling movie soundtracks, to utilizing a chamber orchestra. In doing so, he combined the chilling sounds of the piano, percussion instruments, and a female voice to devise what some would say is the best soundtrack of the 1970s.1
The very first time we hear the chilling music is at 3:36 while a man is setting up a tape recorder and plays it. During this, low-key side lighting is used to illuminate the actions being done on a black table. In order to enhance the creepiness of the soundtrack, the director only allows the audience to see what he wants them to. In this case, a close up of a man’s hand and a tape recorder are allowed. By combining the black surface, low-key lighting, and a hand but not a face the director created the mysterious, creepy atmosphere of the eerie music for the rest of the movie. The presentation of the music alongside the patterns evoke cognitive play for the audience because they want to know who is behind the recorder. It is ass...
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...audience to finally feel relieve that Bree’s troubles are finally over and the mystery is solved.
The use of non-diegetic music alongside of low-key lighting and what was chosen to keep off-screen cued the audience into feeling the thrill that Klute and Bree were feeling throughout the investigation. Although it was finally revealed that Cable was the culprit, a first time viewer could not be positive that Cable was the man they were looking for. By not revealing Cable as the man behind everything, every time the music played the intenseness was still present. In addition, the occasional high-key lighting did not decrease the power of the music because other reasons to feel suspense were shown. Klute is a prime example on how the combination of non-diegetic music alongside of other elements can help cue the audience into feeling how the director wants them to feel.
In this essay, the author
Analyzes how alan j. pakula's "klute" is known for its unusual use of musical instruments in the non-diegetic music during mysterious parts of the movie.
Analyzes how michael small created the eerie soundtrack of "klute", his first hollywood film. he used a chamber orchestra to combine the chilling sounds of the piano, percussion instruments, and female voices.
Analyzes how low-key side lighting enhances the creepiness of the soundtrack by allowing the audience to see what he wants them to.
Analyzes how the acting combined with the low-key lighting from the hall lights and the fact that it is not evident why her eyes got big add effect to the non-diegetic music.
Analyzes how the audience is cued to feel fear after the phone rings. bree closes her eyes for a second, looks to the left, then her mouth slowly opens.
Analyzes how the low-key, side lighting from the apartments makes it harder to see the man who is in the left foreground of the shot.
Analyzes how the music plays and the lighting is not as low-key as previous examples. bree is trying to persuade klute to sleep with her in exchange for the tapes.
Analyzes how the music and low-key lighting reveal the identity of the man behind the tape recorder in the chase scene.
Analyzes how the next time the music plays, the identity of the man is not yet revealed, but it is implied that he is watching bree on her roof again.
Analyzes how bree and klute hookup after waking up at 58:50 and cueing the music to play again while interviewing people. the lighting is frontal and side, creating a low contrast between light and dark parts.
Analyzes how the music plays at 1:06:40 and also has high-key lighting, making cable appear less of a suspect because the shot is not as dark. the director chooses not to show who klute is talking to.
Analyzes how the lighting is low-key and comes from the side. the camera shows a long shot of bree talking on the phone.
Analyzes how the music follows the pattern of low-key lighting at 1:26:24. the music starts playing when klute tells bree he has to leave her for a couple of hours.
Analyzes how the audience is cued to feel fear through the viscerally pleasure at 1:33:30 when there is a medium-long shot of bree walking and the close up of the man's head
Analyzes the last time the director teases the audience is when the music plays again at 1:37:36.
Analyzes how the director takes away the mystery and reveals who the man is by using low-key lighting in the factory and playing the music at 1:39:33.
Analyzes how the last time low-key backlighting is used is at 1:50:36 right after cable turns off the lights, plays the tapes for bree, and attacks her.
Analyzes how the use of non-diegetic music alongside low-key lighting cued the audience into feeling the thrill that klute and bree were feeling throughout the investigation.
Enhancing the sustained fright of this film are an excellent cast, from which the director coaxes extraordinary performances, and Bernard Herrmann's chilling score. Especially effective is the composer's so-called "murder music," high-pitched screeching sounds that flash across the viewer's consciousness as quickly as the killer's deadly knife. Bernard Herrmann achieved this effect by having a group of violinists frantically saw the same notes over and over again.
In this essay, the author
Analyzes how psycho changed hollywood's perception of the horror film as did psycho. alfred hitchcock indulged in nudity, bloodbaths, necrophilia, transvestism, schizophrenia, and a host of other taboos.
Analyzes how the great director clouded his intent and motives by stating that the entire film was nothing more than one huge joke.
Opines that psycho is hitchcock's most gruesome and dark film, inspired by the life of the demented, cannibalistic wisconsin killer ed gein.
Analyzes how bernard herrmann's chilling score enhances the fright of the film.
Analyzes how hitchcock shocked paramount when he demanded that the filmmaker film the sleazy, sensational novel that robert bloch based on the gein killings. the filmmaker kept after the studio's front office until the executives relented.
Analyzes how hitchcock accepted the budget restrictions and went ahead with the film, utilizing television technical people, who were less expensive than standard hollywood crews.
Describes how hitchcock met with joseph stefano after rejecting james cavanaugh's adaptation of the bloch novel.
Analyzes how stefano told hitchcock that he couldn't work up sympathy for a peeping tom killer in his forties. the director suggested perkins get the lead role.
Describes how hitchcock convinced paramount that his special editor, george tomasini, should be included in the production of psycho.
Analyzes how the director's penchant for detail was in full force in the bates motel. the mansion cost only $15,000 to construct and technicians cannibalized several other stock buildings to keep costs down.
Explains that perkins, then twenty-seven, was hired without the actor reading the script and was taken aboard because hitchcock thought him right for the role of norman bates and because he would cost little.
Explains that hitchcock was interested in using shirley jones, but her salary would have been too high. instead, he chose leigh, who was more of a starlet.
Analyzes how hitchcock achieves audience sympathy by showing perkins's norman as sensitive and oddly compelling, leading viewers to believe that his unseen mother is the culprit.
Analyzes how hitchcock's attempt to set up viewers for the surprise ending backfired when he was deluged with wires and letters from actresses asking to be considered.
Analyzes how hitchcock used a sunken-faced, ossified corpse for offbeat pranks on leigh, who became one of his favorite performers.
Analyzes how the film's male lead, gavin, makes less of an impression on viewers than the shower scene. hitchcock considered stuart whitman, tom tryon, brian keith, cliff robertson, jack lord, robert loggia, and rod taylor for the role.
Analyzes how hitchcock approved of every little detail in the famous shower scene and demonstrated every move the killer and victim were to make. perkins even showed him how he was to wrap the body
Explains that perkins was not present for the filming of leigh's murder, but was in new york rehearsing for a play when the shower scene was filmed.
Opines that hitchcock ordered this murder shown as a brutal thing, scribbling in his own hand for shot 116: 'the slashing'.
Analyzes how hitchcock depicts the bloody realities of violent murder through lightning cuts between leigh and closeups of the knife striking her body (she is stabbed at least a dozen times).
Analyzes how hitchcock uses inventive techniques to show the spray coming directly out of the shower nozzle.
Analyzes how hitchcock shot the shower scene from a tower above the set, employing one cameraman. he had abandoned the use of technicolor, so as not to make the film more gory.
Explains that leigh performed the rest of the shower scene herself, though she was concerned about displaying her bosom, even before technicians in a closed set. they researched various transparent garments worn by strippers but didn't come up with anything that would work.
Narrates how a technician came up with an answer, flesh-colored moleskin, but during shooting hot water from the shower undermined this solution.
Analyzes how hitchcock turned promotion minded with psycho, devising the entire publicity campaign for his gruesome masterpiece. he demanded that no moviegoer be seated during the showing of the film.
Opines that hitchcock's response was to say that he had fun with the film.
Explains that hitchcock's philosophy of the mystery-horror genre was to provide the public with beneficial shocks. the only way to remove the numbness and revive our moral equilibrium is through a movie.
Analyzes how hitchcock's psycho broke all box-office records and made him a master of the modern horror film and fabulously wealthy.
The films musical score alerts the viewer to an approaching attack of the shark and they automatically build this association with the music in their mind. Horror films often make use of high string instrument notes that irritate viewers and increase tension. Music plays an important role in film editing and the editor must choose its placement wisely to ensure its intended effect on the viewer’s mind and
In this essay, the author
Explains subjective sounds are sounds that do not originate from the environment but can work well to strengthen pacing, story or mood. they can be sounds the character cannot hear or interact with but instead affect the viewer.
Explains that sound is represented as originating outside of the films world or story space.
Explains cutting on sound refers to the editor introducing camera cuts based on sounds before showing its original source. the pacing of the scene will bore the viewer as they begin to predict when the cuts will be made.
Analyzes how the theme in steven spielberg's jaws (1975) shows effective use of non-diegetic sound. horror films often use high string instrument notes that irritate viewers and increase tension.
Explains that sound design affects the mood, pacing and emotion of the film and can provide information about the films world such as defining the environment, characters physicality, and their subjective experiences.
Explains that colour in films changed its meaning over time; the first films to be shown with colour existed very early in film history.
Explains that as technology advanced, more films began to show in various stages of colour schemes, achieved through different chemical processes applied to the film stock.
Explains how colour film soared in popularity, but little thought was put into the psychological effect it may have on an individual. colour plays an important role in both affecting and reflecting the mood and conveying the emotion of a film.
Music can decipher a narrative event by indicating a perspective. To unify a set of diverse images and provide rhythmic and formal continuity and momentum, a film’s structure is more often than not, directly articulated by a musical structure. Music can assist the dialogue and visuals of film and often is inaudible (e.g. music is meant to be heard unconsciously, not consciously). Music has been used by directors to reinforce or strengthen certain weak scenes in film and then on the other hand when music is not needed to reinforce a scene
In this essay, the author
Argues that emotional contagion facilitates the mother-infant bond, as well as social interaction in general terms.
Explains that episodic memory is a conscious process: music evokes memories and emotions associated with these memories. the discussion of the memory processes is incomplete because it excludes mentioning the circumstances where music is explicitly associated to narrative content.
Explains that brain stem reflexes are a process where an emotion is induced by sound or music because the fundamental sound characteristics are received by the brain stem which signals an urgent and important event.
Explains that if the intention is to affect feeling or mood with music, the best results are achieved by not using parallel means of communication.
Explains that complex music distracts the viewer from the drama of the film. this is why atonal music is rarely used in film music.
Explains that diegetic music originates within the implied world of the film e.g. we can see or assume where the music's source is coming from.
Explains that different researchers have had different perspectives on the functions of music in film. sergei eisenstein's three classifications of audiovisual counterpoint give an offset in comprehending.
Explains that music can influence viewers' perceptions of film narrative even when the music does not occur simultaneously with the main action of a scene. tan et al. paired scenes from commercial films of characters exhibiting neutral emotions with music.
Explains that music with broader associations, such as crime music, melodrama, can establish a context for understanding films. bullerjahn and guldenring commissioned musical scores that represented several different film genres.
Explains the contrapuntal relationship between music and film stemming from the idea of counterpoint in music where two or more lines are independent of each other.
Explains that music is a means to evoke imagery and interpret something. music is subjective art form but can allow for associations.
Explains the contrapuntal relationship between music and film stemming from the idea of counterpoint in music where two or more lines are independent of each other.
Explains that minor keys have greater potential for chromaticism and thus dissonance than major keys. the major/minor distinction is affect, not scale form or the diatonic/chromatic dichotomy.
Explains that 'absolute music' is used to describe concert music, whereas ‘non-functional music’ incorporates extra-musical features.
Analyzes rona's study of the brain to process two cognitive processes simultaneously, and concludes that the use of a mobile phone while driving can impair the driver’s ability to drive.
Explains that diegetic music or source music can be pre-existing or specially composed for a film. karlin and wright (2004, p.186-187) categorize communication between source and score into five categories.
Explains that music can strengthen, be contradictory or parallel the visual image. music can dramatize specific emotions implied in the film's narrative and signifies emotion itself.
Because it was a silent film, the director was forced to be creative when he needed to evoke emotion from his audience to achieve his desired effect of the film. Therefore, music...
In this essay, the author
Explains that nosferatu is a horror film based primarily off of bram stoker’s dracula, directed by f.w. murnau, but it follows an almost identical plot with the exception of the characters’ names.
Analyzes how the majority of nosferatu takes place in the carpathian mountains as thomas hutter travels from wisborg, germany to count orlock’s castle located in transylvania.
Explains that by letter of the copyright obtained on dracula, nosferatu couldn't use the term "vampire" or the name "count dr
Narrates how hutter discovers orlock's not-so-secret life of a vampire when they are eating dinner. he accidentally cuts his thumb, drawing blood, and orlock compulsion to be infatuated with the blood.
Analyzes how count orlock, a transylvanian vampire, is portrayed as the haunt of many varmints and the nosferatu, who feasts upon humans.
Analyzes how orlock kills all of his victims by spreading diseases that ravage every city in which he takes refuge. the townspeople blame the plague for the deaths of their loved ones.
Analyzes how the people of wisborg did not know about the vampire, but those of transylvania were able to avoid the area surrounding the castle completely because they were made aware of the dangers that lay in the forest.
Analyzes how ellen, a direct archetype of stoker's mina, becomes the object of the count’s animosity when hutter returns home and tells her of his terrifying adventure.
Explains that nosferatu was a silent film under the influence of dark romanticism, which exploited the dark side of the human psyche through sin, guilt, and madness.
Explains blackwood's "the land beyond the forest." murnau, f.w., dir. nosferatu, and henrik galeen.
1. Watching the shower scene with and without music helped me to understand Hitchcock’s use of music throughout the film. Hitchcock used the high-pitched music during the scenes that were intended to have a high-tension effect. For example, when Marion was stealing the money, talking to the cop, and driving especially. The movie would probably get boring if we were just watching her driving and driving and driving. By adding the high-pitched music, Hitchcock created tension and suspense.
In this essay, the author
Analyzes hitchcock's use of high-pitched music in the shower scene to create tension and suspense.
Opines that marion crane is innately a good person and that the murder was pieced together and solved in the end.
Opines that psycho was a good film to show students about techniques to create suspense and how different horror movies were when they first started out.
Overall, the score was beautiful and appropriate, adding suspense and mystery at all the right times. The sound effects added psychological flavor to the story without drawing too much attention to it.
In this essay, the author
Analyzes how the score music in the film was relevant and appropriate to the action happening on the screen.
States that seger, l., and whetmore, e. (1994). from script to screen.
Cites wood, c., and senses of cinema's web site for finding the father: a psychoanalytic study of rebel without cause.
Analyzes how leonard rosenman's work as a film composer and arranger has been regarded as "insignificant." the film is realism, with no stylizing or manipulation of images and sounds.
Analyzes how sound effects play a role in the way we feel than many moviegoers think.
The music provides the separation between areas, and also warns of impending danger. The music works well with the scenes and changes appropriately.
In this essay, the author
Explains that fable 2 is an action role-playing game with an open world. similar games include oblivion and the elder scrolls.
Analyzes how fable's 3d visuals are appealing compared to the first of the series. the camera is easy to maneuver and assists in travel and movement.
Explains that a hero must rise and gather other heroes to help defeat the man who almost killed him/her and save the land from his destructive plans.
Opines that the gameplay is pretty fun as you can easily switch between melee, magic, and ranged attacks within a fight.
Explains how mores areas are discovered and added to the map, bringing in new enemies and items, as well as more characters and quests.
Explains that the number of quests available is constantly growing, with one major quest pertaining to the storyline. the player has the option of completing any quest to gain more renown and gold.
Explains that the character list of fable 2 is extensive if each character is provided, varying from shop owners to quest starters, and even families that live in the houses that litter areas of the game.
Explains that the player is allowed to choose between a male or female character in the fable games. each choice affects sparrow's appearance and the way other characters interact with him/her.
Explains that theresa is actually the sister of the hero from the first game. she convinces the protagonist and sister to purchase a music box that she claims to have magical properties.
Narrates how the protagonist's older sister, rose, dreams of living the high life in the city’s castle with lord lucien.
Analyzes how lucien, the lord of bowerstone, searches for a way to bring his loved ones back after losing his wife and child. he obsesses over the creation of 'the spire' and attempts to murder the protagonist and sister.
Narrates how hammer is a pacifist monk carrying out an age old ritual when her life turned around. she kills lucien's man and decides to go with the protagonist in order to get her revenge.
Explains that the hero of will appears in the first part of the game when the children are brought to lucien's castle.
Explains that reaver is an extremely selfish and arrogant hero, ruling the crooked land of bloodstone. he reached his power through pirating and is rumored to be the one who destroyed oakvale and created wraithmarsh
Explains melee, range, or magic are optional abilities. the player chooses which abilities to advance and can focus on one of the three or advance all three for a well-rounded character.
Explains that the melee weapons are rated by speed, type of metal, and available augmentation slots (lionhead studios).
Explains that the ranged weapons are rated by ammo, speed, and also have the option of augmentation slots (lionhead studios).
Explains that each magic attack has a unique quality to it. each spell can be advanced as more experience is gained.
Explains that powerups come with experience. the player chooses which abilities to advance based on the amount of experience they have earned, where the experience has come from, and their personal tastes.
Explains the amount of items within fable are basically what you would find in real world during the colonial era. as the player progresses through the storyline and discovers more regions, more potions and items are discovered.
Analyzes how fable 2 works on decision making to process how the game should proceed. even if there isn't an immediate cause from an action, it will become apparent farther in the story.
Explains that each character and ai within the game vary extremely. clothing is different in each area for each ai as well as hair variation and body size.
Opines that the animations of this game are beautifully 3d and run fairly smoothly. some areas are a bit blocky, but mostly it is smooth.
Analyzes how the music provides separation between areas and warns of impending danger. the music works well with the scenes and changes appropriately.
Explains that every action has a sound effect. eating, digging, finding coins, shooting, the detail to the sound effects enhances gameplay immensely.
Explains that fable 2 is set 500 years after the first game in a colonial era where guns remain primitive and castles and cities have developed rather than towns.
Explains that fable 2 is single-player, but it has the option of co-op play. the player is more of a henchman than an actual player.
Analyzes how the ai within fable 2 is split into enemies, townspeople, and the other heroes. the player's companion is the most notable npc.
Narrates how fable 2 begins 500 years after the first fable where the people of albion no longer know about heroes.
Explains that fable 2 is in the same world as albion, just 500 years after the first game. the player has the option of buying any of the stores, dungeons, buildings, houses, and castles within the game and either moving in or renting it out for extra cash flow.
Analyzes how lionhead's choice/consequence feature expands on it greatly in fable 2. the time jump from childhood to adulthood isn't as apparent as it was in the first game.
Evaluates the layout of fable 2, stating that it is efficient and well-placed.
Analyzes how the screen during game play varies depending on situations. the menu screen provides access to quests and the map, everything in your inventory, abilities to increase, and a logbook.
Explains that goldstein, hilary. gdc 2008: fable 2 co-op preview. ign entertainment, inc.
...violence. In the murder scenes, the non-diegetic sound provides a more dramatic effect making up for the violence of the crimes making them scenes that went around the Hays Code.
In this essay, the author
Explains that the hays code was created to provide a sense of censorship in the united states for motion pictures.
Explains the hays code's three main principles: no picture should be produced that will lower the moral standards of those who see it.
Explains that the hays code made it difficult for filmmakers to fully express their creations due to the censorship of the code.
Opines that alfred hitchcock was one of the greatest filmmakers to ever get around the hays code's restrictions in his films.
Analyzes how alfred hitchcock's "shadow of a doubt" had settle hints of indiscretion but did not technically violate hays code rules.
Analyzes how alfred hitchcock's british culture influences his films and is able to get around the hays code in order for his film to be a hit.
Analyzes how alfred hitchcock's "dial m for murder" is a great example of how filmmakers could get around the hays code.
Analyzes how adultery between margo and mark halliday violates the hays code by showing mischief that makes the audience curious of their relationship. the murder scenes are censored by not showing much blood or violence.
Explains that filmmakers used several methods to get around the hays code, but the audience itself has the freedom to choose not to watch inappropriate films.
To fully understand the relationship between a filmmaker and a composer, it is helpful to take a closer look at the filmmaker’s position towards music in film in general; these can of course differ substantially from one director to another. It seems, one must think, that the complete narrative and emotive potential of film music is not yet fully recognized and appreciated in many film produc...
In this essay, the author
Explains that david cronenberg never had a composer on his films prior to working with howard shore on the brood in 1979.
Opines that a collaborating process like this can replace the hierarchical system of client and contractor, enabling both entities to work in creative unity.
Analyzes how greek director theo angelopoulos and composer eleni karaindrou rejected the use of non-diegetic music as a reaction against the classical hollywood score.
Explains how a long-term collaborative process between composer and director can influence the establishment of the former as an author.
Opines that composers becoming immersed with a filmmaker at an early stage of their careers can end up being one of the most natural, harmonic and fruitful artistic relationships for both of them.
Explains how a long-term collaborative process between composer and director influences the establishment of the former as an author.
Analyzes the exploratory nature of angelopoulos and karaindrou's collaborative process, which encapsulates the central issues that the filmmaker wishes to highlight.
Klaatu arrives in a UFO with a message for earth, though no one knows what it is, and everyone is quick to assume that these aliens are there for evil. This feeling of fear and curiosity that the crowd has, along with the viewers, is portrayed through the music. In Anthony Bushard’s article, “Waging the Peace: Bernard Herrmann and The Day the Earth Stood Still,” Bushard explains the importance of the combination of the tones of the music and the feelings this conveys. Furthermore, Bushard explores the originality that is presented through the music of The Day the Earth Stood Still, all created by Bernard Herrmann. He writes, “With his contribution to The Day the Earth Stood Still, Herrmann not only enhanced the feelings of fear and paranoia inherent in the narrative, but also became the most prominent member of...
In this essay, the author
Analyzes how the day the earth stood still explores the possibilities of aliens and life beyond our planet, while also touching on religious ideas. klaatu, the visiting alien, presents an ultimatum to the humans.
Analyzes how the musical background of the movie enhances the fear and paranoia that goes along with the arrival of extraterrestrials.
Analyzes how klaatu needs to spread his message across the entire planet, but he discovers that gathering all of the leaders of each country will be impossible. the theremin is an electronic device that creates sound.
Opines that the idea of extraterrestrial beings being portrayed in a positive light sets the stage for religious movements based on the concept of alien life forms coming to contact humanity.
Analyzes how the unique sound of the theremins reminds the viewer that klaatu is not only an important messenger, but also someone who holds a lot of power.
Analyzes how the day the earth stood still is innovative for its time in depicting the aliens as faithful, religious beings while the human scientists place less of an importance on faith.
Analyzes how klaatu is portrayed as a messiah or jesus-like figure in the film the day the earth stood still.
Analyzes how klaatu is captured and killed but is brought back into the spacecraft by the robot, gort. there is almost always a religious reason for this because it cannot really be explained in real life.
Analyzes how the music in the conversation makes klaatu seem more human because there are still unknowns that are answered by the "almighty spirit." bushard explains that the use of modal characteristics frustrates harmonic expectations of the tonic-dominant symbiosis.
Analyzes how herrmann's music enhances the feelings of paranoia and fear associated with extraterrestrial visitors in the movie. klaatu is a jesus-like messenger who has connections to higher technological and scientific powers.
Cites baumgartner, thomas, lutz, kai, schmidt, janke, and schmidt. the emotional power of music: how music enhances the feeling of affective pictures.
Cites bushard, anthony, "waging the peace: bernard hermann and the day the earth stood still".
Explains cowen, douglas e., "seeing the savior in the stars: religion, conformity, and the day the earth stood still". journal of religion and pop culture.
Opines that etherden, matthew, and the alien messiah were influenced by 1950s sci-fi and religion.
Describes north, edmond, and wise's the day the earth stood still.