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Three crime prevention strategies
Three crime prevention strategies
Crime Prevention quizlet
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A crime is defined as "an act committed in violation of a law forbidding
it and for which a variety of punishments may be imposed." Crimes are
classified into two basic groups; "mala in se" which are crimes that are evil in
themselves, and "mala prohibitita" which are crimes that are only crimes because
society at the time deems them wrong.
In these days crime is more easy perceived by society. Surveys of
public opinion in the United States show that more and more people believe that
crime is increasing. People feel less safe in their environment and have thus
taken measures to protect themselves.
But is this view accurate? Most of the crime rates from 2003 to 2015
have risen greatly. In 2003 there was a murder every 27 minutes. Now there is a
murder every 22 minutes. The astounding fact is in 2003 there was a violent
crime every 6 minutes but now it has increased to a murder every 16 seconds.
Crime per thousand from between 1993 and 2015 rose 9.4 percent but from 2010 to
2015 it went down 4 percent. In recent years crime has been decreasing.
Property crime, murder, robbery, and burglary have all decreased at least three
percent in recent years but that is not much. There is one exception; rape
which has gone up 3 percent. Violent crime has risen 40.9 since 1997 while in
recent years it has only gone down a tenth of a percent. This may be one of the
reasons people feel less safe. People aren't afraid of larceny or property
crimes. They are afraid of violent crimes, which is why is recent years they
feel insecure.
Many people believe the problem is in the trial system itself. Not
enough people are convicted. In our trial system where you are innocent until
proven guilty and to be proved guilty it must be done beyond reasonable doubt or
preponderance of evidence in civil cases. After it has finally been very well
proven a judge or jury must unanimously decide the criminal is innocent or
guilty or it is declared a hung jury. It also is too easy to get a shorter
sentence on a plea bargain. For instance a person accused of armed robbery, an
offence that on average a person would get thirty years for; the criminal will
often plead guilty to a lesser offence such as carrying a concealed weapon.
Carrying a concealed weapon would often give a six year sentence but the
criminal often gets off in half that time. So you see how the sentencing just
During a trial proof beyond a reasonable doubt must be proven. However if a defendant pleads guilty conviction happens without the chance of a trial, and making exoneration almost impossible. In order to appeal a sentence there must be a set trial and circumstantial reason such as the trial being unconstitutional.
Reasonable doubt plays a significant role in this particular case, as it requires a standard of unsurpassable evidence in order to be able to convict the plaintiff in a criminal proceeding. This is required under the Due Process Section in the Fifth Amendment of the American Constitution, allowing a safeguard and circumvention
A strong example of this would be the recent exploits at the Woodstock 99 music festival.
In the 1990s crime was at an all time high, but suddenly it dropped to an all time low. Experts investigated and found that numerous ideas could have been affecting the decline in crimes. A strong economy, prisons, gun laws, and population to name a few. Levitt and Dubner ask the question, why has crime risen so high in the first place? A strong economy would often be linked to lesser crimes, but studies have shown there is no relation. The biggest link to this is during the 60’s when there was a ton of crime and the economy was high as well. Another false idea of why crimes dropped in the 90s, is the justice system. Criminals were now being convicted for longer sentences. Criminals who would have originally got off the hook for doing drugs were now in prison; many other sentences got increased as well. This lead to more than two million people in prison (Levitt and Dubner, 2009). The increase of punishment for criminals quadrupled between the 80s and 90s (Levitt and Dubner, 2009). The first flaw the authors speak of is that executions are long and drawn out. Death row now only has a 2% execution rate while getting killed by a gang is 7% chance. (Levitt and Dubner, 2009). The second flaw is that capital punishment is more obvious. One criminal getting executed means seven fewer homicides (Levitt and Dubner,
(Agresti and Smith, Gun Control Facts). It is astonishing how the number of homicides, right after the 1997 gun control law took place, jumped drastically. This is just further evidence that strict gun laws will not protect people from violence.
The first three reasons are about mass incarceration, this is how mass incarceration just doesn’t work. While crime has fallen during the 1980’s, mass incarceration has had nothing to do with it. Its actually had zero effect on crime since the 2000s.
Violent crime in Canada is on the rise in Canada as well as the types of
Then all of a sudden, instead of going up and up and up, the crime rate began to fall. And fall and fall and fall some more. The crime drop was startling in several respects. It was ubiquitous, with every category of crime in every part of the country. It was persistent, with incremental decreases year after year. And it was entirely unanticipated, especially because the public had been anticipating the opposite...
In the modern world today crime is at an all time high. Gangs are now
Crime in this country is an everyday thing. Some people believe that crime is unnecessary. That people do it out of ignorance and that it really can be prevented. Honestly, since we live in a country where there is poverty, people living in the streets, or with people barely getting by, there will always be crime. Whether the crime is robbing food, money, or even hurting the people you love, your family. You will soon read about how being a criminal starts or even stops, where it begins, with whom it begins with and why crime seems to be the only way out sometimes for the poor.
The increases between 2011-2013 could be for one of two reasons the first of which that Banbury has become more crime base and more crimes are being committed or that more people are coming forward and reporting crime. This could be due to the community binding together and with more support victims are reporting crimes. Crimes often bring communities together in order to find justice and help victims This may also cause social exclusion as people may not wish to socialise with criminals. Exclusion can leading to criminals re-offending.
Rosenfeld, R. (2011). Changing Crime Rates. In J. Wilson, & J. Petersilia, Crime and Public Policy (pp. 559-588). New York: Oxford University Press.
All across the nation during the Great Depression people were jobless, homeless, and starving; nowhere was this truer than in the American Midwest. Not only did the farms and cities of the Midwest have to deal with the poor economic conditions but the Midwest's main source of income, agriculture, was being ravaged by the natural phenomenon now called the Dust Bowl. On top of low crop prices and a lack of employment farmland was ruined, went unplanted, and was often foreclosed on. These extra difficulties left the inhabitants of the Midwest with added resentments and frustration with businesses and government that seemed unable or unwilling to help. Out of this extreme hardship came a group of people who for many different reasons chose to make their own rules and live outside the law. These gangsters' exploits seemed to have been focused in Middle America from as far as Minnesota and Wisconsin to Texas and Louisiana. The Midwestern crime wave, which captivated a disenchanted public, involved brazen but personable gangsters who shot and robbed their way across country.
According to Chettiar, he mentions that the Brennan Center found a downward effect on crimes in the 90s from 0 to 10% just for hiring more police officers. He also mentions that the employment rate for police officers increased dramatically in the 1990s by 28% and one of the major contributors was the 1994 Crime Bill, which gave 100,000 new local officers a job opportunity (Atlantic). “A body of empirical research has found that simply having more officers on the streets, even if they are not arresting or stopping anyone, can be a crime deterrent” (Atantic). It is clear that the more officers that were hired, the more likely it was for crime to decline, because now there was more officers on duty to prevent crime from happening. As well as
The U.S. Department of Labor (2011) reported the national average of unemployment for 2008 was 5.8 percent. The rate dramatically increased in 2009 with an average of 9.3 percent and 9.6 percent for 2010. While unemployment rates have increased, the FBI’s preliminary reports for 2010 show that law enforcement agencies across the U.S. have reported a decrease of 6.2 percent in the number of violent crimes for the first 6 months of 2010 when compared to figures reported for the same time in 2009. The violent crime category includes rape, murder, robbery, and aggravated result. The number of property crimes also decreased 2.8 percent when compared to the same time last year. Property crimes include burglary, larceny-theft, and motor vehicle theft. Arson decreased 14.6 percent when compared to the same time periods of 2009 (FBI, 2011).