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Overcoming prejudices in society
Overcoming prejudices in society
Overcoming prejudices in society
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Prior to taking the Implicit Association Test, I did not feel that I had many biases. I am an open minded person and have a live and let live general attitude towards life. I reviewed the topic options and chose Gender-Career as my topic. As I suspected the results were that I had little to no automatic association between female and male with career and family. Feeling pretty confident in my belief that I am a progressive woman, I decided to continue on to other topics on the list. The next topic that I selected was Sexuality. The results were not what I expected. I align myself in favor of equal rights for gay people, I voted to legalize gay marriage but my unconscious bias towards gay people opposes my stated opinions. The results of
My result is your data suggest a strong automatic preference for straight people compared to gay people. The result for this test was interesting because I never thought about a preference, previously. The test explanation indicates, “If you responded faster when Straight people and Good words were classified with the same key than when Gay people and Good words were classified with the same key.” (Teaching Tolerance, 2014) I found the association with good words and straight people or good words and gay people interesting correlation to locate hidden biases in this area. I interpreted the test result as no association between certain words and gay or straight. The interesting aspect is the automatic preference. The result indicates I have a hidden bias toward gay
an implicit association test (IAT) measures the attitudes of the cognitive functions which determine judgment. The Implicit Association Test (Race) measures word associations between groups of people of certain race or ethnicity (e.g., European-American, African American) and the concepts of “good” and “bad”. The speed and ease with which an association is made is measured and taken as confirmation for an implicit bias or attitude or belief held for that social group. The IAT will help uncover any hidden prejudice and bring it to the forefront of consciousness to which children can become aware of their biases and possibly through cultural exposure be able to exhibit cultural acceptance (Benaji, M & Greenwald, 2013).
Homonegativity is defined as any prejudicial affective or behavioral response directed towards and individual because he or she is perceived to be homosexual (Cerny & Polyson, 1984). This “prejudicial affective” or “behavioral response” can be translated into the way individuals with homonegative attitudes treat other people they assume are homosexual. This implied negative treatment can be observed in everyday life settings; for example, an employment recruiter choosing one applicant over the other because the undesired candidate was thought to be homosexual, holistically unconcerned with whether or not their homosexuality was proven. Homonegative attitudes affecting perceived homosexual people is also observed in hate crime incidents, as
The first Implicit Association Test (IAT) that I took was whether I had a preference for Young people compared to Old people. I chose this IAT because I initially thought that I would have no preference for Young or Old people. Though, I knew I would have some mistakes, I still expected my results to have an equal preference for both young or old people. In addition, this IAT used four categories. The first two categories were images of either a Young or and Old face and the other two categories were the words good or bad. The good or bad categories has at least five words listed.
Implicit Bias refers to the attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions unconsciously. (Kirwan, 2015) The implicit bias, which includes both favorable and unfavorable being personal, are activated involuntarily and without an individual’s awareness or voluntary control. The implicit interaction subconscious
Many people relate sex, gender, and your sexual orientation as the same thing grouped in two categories of male or female traits and preference, however as both authors argue it is imperative to view each as a separate and ever changing category in order to protect peoples beliefs who contradict the earlier statement. “Educating legislators and policymakers about the damage inflicted by sexism and gender stereotyping is a critical component of winning
Physicians routinely make crucial decisions about medical care for patients whose lives hang in the balance. In the face of such high stakes, it may be surprising to think that automatic associations can unknowingly bias professional decision-making. One study compared implicit racial bias between White American doctors and Black American doctors and found that “African American doctors, on average, did not show an implicit preference for either Blacks or Whites…” The implicit racial biases of White physicians also seem to play a role in predicting how positively or negatively Black patients respond to the medical interaction (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19648715) (Penner, Dovidio, West, Gaertner, Albrecht, Daily, & Markova, 2010), (Penner, L., Dovidio, J., West, T., Gaertner, S., Albrecht, T., Dailey, R., & Markova, T. (2010). Aversive racism and medical interactions with Black patients: A field study- Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46, 436-440). Organizations can do many things like providing training implicit bias and diversity; seek to identify consciously the differences between different groups and individuals; and increasing emphasis on the education of social issues such as stereotyping and
A substantial amount of educational and psychological research has consistently demonstrated that African American students underperform academically relative to White students. For example, they tend to receive lower grades in school (e.g., Demo & Parker, 1987; Simmons, Brown, Bush, & Blyth, 1978), score lower on standardized tests of intellectual ability (e.g., Bachman, 1970; Herring, 1989; Reyes & Stanic, 1988; Simmons et al., 1978), drop out at higher rates (e.g., American Council on Education, 1990; Steele, 1992), and graduate from college with substantially lower grades than White students (e.g., Nettles, 1988). Such performance gaps can be attributed to any number of factors, such as socioeconomic status, academic preparation, and educational opportunities; however, Steele (1997) pointed out that even when background factors are held constant, subsequent achievement remains lower for minority students. Moreover, much research in this area has focused on how African American students’ lack of motivation and negative attitudes contribute to their inferior academic performance (Ogbu, 1990); yet many Black students often report high educational aspirations (Fordham, 1996; Fine, 1991; Ogbu, 1987, 1990; Hauser & Anderson, 1991), even higher than White students of comparable class background (MacLeod, 1995). What remains certain is the urgent need to explain what accounts for the persistent academic underachievement of Black students.
Taking an Implicit association test may not be something that we would want to base any serious decisions off of; it is a useful tool in being able to learn about ourselves better. By being made aware that we may unconsciously hold views that we are not proud of, we can inoculate ourselves and make a personal change for the better.
The IAT (Implicit Associations Test) is a test designed by Harvard to prove that implicit associations exist, despite our personal desire to insist that they do not. Implicit associations are involuntary connotations of objects or concepts that we hold but may not be aware of. Therefore, implicit associations are created through socialization, which is a process in which an individual learns and recreates skills, knowledge, values, motives, and roles appropriate to their position or group in society. Social cognition is how we interpret and apply information about other people which can be modified by implicit associations, but can also determine implicit associations.
According to Devine (1989), automatic processing involves the unconscious retrieval of obtained associations that develop through memory repetition; this process links with stimulus cues in the environment. The intense nature of automaticity is that an individual cannot escape or try to ignore the process (Devine, 1989). People build and enforce stereotypes through this automatic process and have no conscious control of memory retrievals. Human bodies take a lot of effort to function, but automatic processing requires little effort. People, therefore, mostly rely on automatic thinking, rather than controlled. This is why some researchers argue that automatic processing is why stereotyping is inevitable; because automaticity is easier, it does not mean controlled thinking cannot disband stereotypes (Devine, 1989). Controlled thinking is intentional and requires active participation of an individual. This proce...
The Internalized Homophobia Scale is a proven reliable and valid 9-item measure of sexual stigma developed by Meyer (1995) which was adapted for self-administration from interview items developed by Martin and Dean (1988). This scale has proved internal consistency and has been well researched. Results from a Sign, Dew, Hays & Gailis (2006) study found that internalized was negatively correlated to social ease and self- disclosure. Internalized Homophobia in same-gender relationship. may manifest differently because of the intersectionality that bisexual women of color experience (race, gender and sexuality).
Implicit attitudes are positive and negative assessments that occur outside of one’s conscious cognizance and controls. The affirmative or adverse views, feelings, or actions towards individuals ...
In today’s highly competitive job market it is extremely challenging and important for businesses to fill a vacancy with the right candidate (Cann, 2013). Due to high demand of potential candidates, developing a portfolio of employability skills which include psychometric testing is considered important in every workplace (Mills et al., 2011). Thus, I recently took three practice psychometric tests on verbal, numerical and inductive/logical reasoning. This essay is a reflection of my personal experience of psychometric testing. First, I will talk about what the literature comments on in relation to the strengths and weaknesses of psychometric testing. Then, I will assess whether literature reflects
When considering these associations, it is necessary to recognize two factors. First, these attitudes represent common patterns in the population, not every person fits those patterns. For instance, studies (largely administered in the United States) have determined that heterosexuals with positive views towards homosexuality are more expected to be female, white, young, non-religious, well-informed, politically progressive or conservative, and have a close personal connection homosexuals. Where you're born can affect the way you psychologically think about sexual orientations. For instance, if you are born in a place like Nigeria, 53% disagree with homosexuality and 47% agree. In the United States, the rate is much higher as people agree with various sexual preferences. It's not wrong or right but where you live can psychologically influence your sexual