August 2005 marked an extremely devastating time for the citizens of New Orleans, Louisiana, after being hit by “one of the strongest storms to impact the coast of the United States” as described by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (Waple 1). The real destruction occurred only after the hurricane had passed though and the levees separating New Orleans from surrounding lakes were breached leaving over 80% of the city under water. Although it is easy to claim the failure in the levees could not have been anticipated, multiple authors beg to differ. Hurricane Katrina was “one of the most devastating natural disasters in recent US history” (Waple 5), but one must acknowledge that the government’s obvious disregard for the unstable levees in New Orleans and their poor handling of the aftermath made Hurricane Katrina a social disaster overall.
There comes a time in the world where the outcome of certain events can cause a huge social change, one of those events is Hurricane Katrina. The events that took place prior to, during and after Katrina although impact only a few places physically it was left in the minds of everyone in the world. There were many actions that could have taken place to prevent the damage of such a catastrophic event, however nothing was done. Hurricane Katrina, a category 3 hurricane struck Louisiana and parts of the Mississippi. New Orleans in particular, due to various reasons received the most damage. Katrina first started off as a small hurricane formed in the Bahamas as it moved towards Louisiana and Mississippi it became a category 5, which is the strongest it can become, then decreased to category 3 once it finally struck. The storm caused an incredible amount of damage that Hurricane Katrina was noted as the most destructive and costly natural disaster in US history. The death toll was 1,836 people with 200 bodies left unclaimed as well as over 700 people unaccounted for. Hurricane Katrina was a source of social change as people have learned from the impact it had on the mind and body of the citizens of New Orleans, the mismanagement and lack of leadership the government showed, and the substantial immediate and long term economic damage it caused the country.
The population of New Orleans was steadily decreasing, between the years of 2000 and 2005, 30,000 (6%) of the population left New Orleans in search for better lives (4). The declining population shows us that before Hurricane Katrina residence were already considering leaving the city, some push factors leading them away from the city include poverty and unemployment (5). Accord to the U.S 2005 Census Bureau around 23% of the residence lived in poverty, this can be a result of the nearly 12% unemployment rate (5). With an unemployment rate double the national standard and nearly one forth the population living in poverty, the city of New Orleans had many push factors against it resolution in a decline population prier to Hurricane Katrina. At the time of the storm nearly 400,000 residents were displaced from their homes too near by safe areas or other states. The population reming in the city as decreased to a few thousand (6). A month after the disaster when the levee breaches were repaired and the flood water was pumped out of the city, residence were allowed to return to what was left of their homes. The first reliable estimate of the New Orleans population after Hurricane Katrina was an ‘American Community survey’. The survey projected that by the start of 2006 around one third or 158,000 of the population returned. By the middle of f2006 the city
... the national 16 percent. Furthermore, homelessness has recently dropped to 2,400 people per night, still higher than the amount that existed before Hurricane Katrina struck, but significantly lower than the 11,000 immediately after the storm. This is largely due to the lack of affordable housing in the area, the last of the previous five large public housing complexes demolished in May 2013. Louisiana is trying to increase the number of individuals moving to the state through major factors such as job growth, particularly in the petrochemical and natural gas industries, which will be part of the 42,000 new job openings in southeast Louisiana in the next six years. However, “the city remains incredibly poor, jobs and income vary dramatically by race, rents are up, public transportation is down, and most public education has been converted into charter schools.”
Dr. Robert Bullard is a researcher, activist and author who pioneered a branch of social science known as Environmental Justice. His efforts have been to fight toxic dumping in minority communities by bringing wide attention to this issue. He has been referred to as the "Father of Environmental Justice". (Bullard 1) This speech, “How Race Affected the Federal Government’s Response to Katrina” uses Hurricane Katrina and several other disasters to highlight inequities toward the black communities at all phases of disaster response. There is special emphasis on the negative effects of these inequities as deliberate racial discrimination against black communities by all levels of government. Although Dr. Bullard engages the listener well with emotionally charged phrases, it will be shown that he fails to establish that discrimination alone, and not other inherent complexities of disaster response, accounts for all of his claims.
The vulnerability of the black communities due to segregation by the levees and the lack of aid given to the African-American households affected by Katrina are only two ways that showed how the events of Hurricane Katrina were shaped by structural racism. Hurricane Katrina in itself was a disaster for everyone in New Orleans, however, there was also a “second disaster” or “aftershock” that has gotten less publicity, and that was the disaster of structural racism.
Hurricane Katrina struck the city of New Orleans, Louisiana on August 29th, 2005. The events that followed would leave the whole nation in shock until this day. One of the major topics of discussion after this disaster was whether or not the government's slow reaction time had anything to do with the fact that New Orleans is sixty-seven percent African American. As helicopters circled a wasteland that was once a major tourist attraction, the racism of the Deep South, thought to be extinct, proved it was only dormant. The same racism against African Americans that could be seen on Bourbon Street in the months prior to the hurricane reared its ugly head once more in Gretna, LA and was pointed out on live television by rapper Kanye West.
Hurricane Katrina was one of the most interesting and deadly hurricane to ever hit the United States. This hurricane devastated New Orleans and all of its inhabitants. This hurricane was especially devastating as New Orleans is 13 feet(3.9624 metres) below sea level. The government wasn’t prepared for the damage of New Orleans, and neither were the Levees. The Levee crash was one of the major causes of the flooding in New Orleans. The deaths and damages cost billions. After this storm many people didn’t want to move back to their home, New
Hurricane Katrina, the most expensive natural disaster in the history of the United States of America, hit the Gulf Coast on the 29th of August 2005, leaving behind an estimated damage worth $125 billion US, and a total death toll of over 1800(Graumann et al., 2006). The essay will discuss why Hurricane Katrina had such a devastating effect on New Orleans, the worst affected area, and the post-disaster recovery process.
Katrina hit New Orleans, Louisiana on August 29th, 2005, but the failure of the local government started before this day “by allowing building and growing in areas in low flood lands.” The local government did not regulate these land areas that have always been at threat for flooding and natural disaster, which was ignored by the government and public, and was still a place for growing infrastructure. The author of Hurricane Katrina and the Paradoxes of Government Disaster Policy: Bringing About Wise Governmental Decisions for Hazardous Areas, Burby, relates the conflict of shortsighted public policy decisions. Two of these said policies include requiring local governments to prepare comprehensive plans that give consideration to natural hazards and requires local governments to assume greater financial responsibility for the consequences of their urban development decision-making.
Niman, Michael I. "KATRINA's AMERICA: Failure, Racism, And Profiteering." Humanist 65.6 (2005): 11. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 26 Nov. 2013.
One of the most devastating natural disasters to this date is undoubtedly Hurricane Katrina. Destroying the populated city of New Orleans, the city was left in a state of chaos, where thousands lost their homes, jobs, and loved ones. In addition, this demoralizing event that took place not only caused physical desolation, but emotional anguish as well. When the city tried effortlessly to recuperate, the standard of environmental racism had ascended. Environmental racism is a form of discrimination against minority groups and people from poor countries who are subjected to disproportionate share of environmental hazards and polluting industries (Ravelli & Webber, 2013). Comparing this to the situation in New Orleans, citizens were threatened by discrimination and the dangers of residing in areas that are threatened by natural disasters. Consequent to Bullard’s notion of environmental justice partakes in the way New Orleans decided to restructure itself. As stated, “the guarantee of the right to environmental protection, preventing harm before it occurs, shifting the burden of proof to polluters as well as redressing existing inequities” (Ravelli & Webber, 2013). With this, New Orleans could have executed this theory to counteract catastrophe before it even occurred. Due
Hurricane Katrina put a hindrance on New Orleans because the city was left with blighted properties that span from the 9th ward to the 7th ward. Blighted properties were a direct result from flooding, wind damage, and citizens that moved or were displaced by Hurricane Katrina. When the levees broke an abundance of water entered the city and caused homes and business to become flooded. When the city was under water for days it created damage, homes were crumbled to pieces and even uprooted from the ground. Flooding even caused homes to deteriorate and become inhabitable and unsuitable. Blighted properties became breeding grounds for crime, infestation of rodents and other animals, dumping of dead bodies, fires (arson), mold, squatters (homeless), and other serious health issues. These are serious challenges that the city of New Orleans must tackle.
The effects of climate change cause sea levels to rise thus allowing for the effects of storm surges to be at an increased level of potency (Irish, 2014) , and as a result of these storms there's is a possibility for greater economic disruption along America's coast. In 2006, hurricane Katrina struck the gulf coast of the United States. The economic effects of this event are still being felt in a region of viable economic power. First, the impact on just the labour force. The Pre-Katrina population was 452,000 people and the post Katrina population as of 2010 was 343, 829 ( the guardian, 2011), and With this displaced population Chaganti and Waddell (2015) show that “displaced populations were less likely to return to their pre-Katrina employment