The Somali Language Today
Somali leaders faced the challenge of harmonizing the educational systems, the curriculum, and the language of instruction. There was a need to develop an official script for the Somali language, which was still only a spoken language at independence. At the time, the military were in power who were under the leadership of Said Barre. His main aim was to reduce and eventually fully eradicate clan conflict and ignorance through the mass education of its people. Consequently, the development of a written Somali language was very important to achieving those aims. In 1972 the modified Roman alphabet was accepted with a military decree that made Somali the language of official business and instruction for the country. Teachers in Somalia were given up to three months to learn and become skilled in the language. At the same time, the textbooks and curriculum were developed and adapted to portray the new values of the Somali society, and a mass literacy campaign was launched to teach every Somali how to read and write. This campaign had many positive effect in Somalia and on the school system as, for the first time in its history, all the students, regardless of their location in the country, were taught in the same language, using the same textbooks. However, this progress education was making in Somalia was made to stop as the civil war broke out and lasted from 1991 to 1998. As educational facilities were one of the many casualties of the war, it eradicated all the progress that was made in the education sector. Ten years after the civil war had begun; Somalia found it very difficult to rebuild its nation and its educational system. As a result of the war, the country became detached into three parts. In 19...
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... both efficient primary and secondary sources. However, one main disadvantage of this project was that there very limited trustworthy, unbiased secondary sources on the topic of Somalia as many of the changes and events had taken place quite rapidly. Due to this I found it very difficult to decide and make my own judgements on whether or not the sources were reliable enough for me to use in my essay.
Works Cited
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14094632 http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/gallery/2012/feb/23/somalia-history-events-in-pictures http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali_language http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali_language http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agglutinative_language
Putnam & Noor (1999). The Somalis: Their History and Culture http://www.alsintl.com/resources/languages/Somali/ http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=202&menu=004
Europe, in the late 1800’s, was starting for a land grab in the African continent. Around 1878, most of Africa was unexplored, but by 1914, most of Africa, with the lucky exception of Liberia and Ethiopia, was carved up between European powers. There were countless motivations that spurred the European powers to carve Africa, like economical, political, and socio–cultural, and there were countless attitudes towards this expansion into Africa, some of approval and some of condemnation.
When the Age of Imperialism began in 1875, it effected Africa in many ways. Nowhere was the competition for colonies more intense than in Africa. Europeans went after North and South Africa splitting up the continent. Egypt and Sudan were taken over by Britain to obtain the Suez Canal. Imperialism helped to develop Africa’s economy and turned it into a continent of colonies.
Introduction: The epoch of imperialism cannot be defined simply as a proliferation of inflated egos tied to the hardened opinions of nationalists, but also a multi-faceted global rivalry with roots of philosophies tainted with racism and social Darwinism. The technique of each imperialist was specific to the motivations and desires of each combative, predominantly Western power and subsequently impacted the success of each imperialist and its colonies. Driven by industrialization, Europeans are aware of the urgent need for raw materials and new markets to maintain a constant rate of expansion and wealth. Imperialism became a competition; in general, the European countries led with fervor while the non-Western regions deemed likely to be stepped on.
At that time in the early 1990’s, the U.S. was the only superpower country left in the world. The Soviet Union collapsed after the Cold War and the left the U.S. at the top. With the U.S. being the only superpower left, it meant that they were the only ones who could try to keep peace between other countries and hopefully end violence in the world. At the time, Somalia was a complete disaster and still is to this day. They have no structural government and warlords rule parts of the country.
During the early years of colonization and exploration in North America and Africa, many New World "collided" and brought to each other many new things, both good and bad. There were exchanges of ideas, products and crops that greatly advanced the cultures of all involved, but on the other hand, new diseases, and harsh treatment of one another were also present.
The imposition of colonialism on Africa drastically reconstructed the continent. All over, European powers attempted to “assimilate” countries into their own, all the while exploiting and victimizing their people, culture, and resources. However, if there was one aspect of colonialism that provided a fertile ground for conflict, it was the unknowingly insidious method of introducing religion, specifically Christianity, into African families. This is particularly exemplified in the novels Things Fall Apart, Houseboy, and Weep Not, Child. Throughout these novels, the assimilation of Christianity within the protagonists’ not only results in a destruction of their sacred and traditional values, but also their well-being and those around them.
In the Africa, lies the country Somalia, which is located on east coast of the continent. Its capital, Mogadishu, however has inconveniently brought its own problems, from colonization to politics, disagreements arise, causing tension throughout the country. Somalia’s historical background and culture ultimately lead to the war in its capital, it lead to the War of Mogadishu.
Colonialism has plagued indigenous people worldwide and has spelled disaster for countless cultures, languages, and traditions. Over the past 500 years there have been different phases of colonization in Africa as well as other various parts of earth. There were many reasons behind exploration and colonization including economic and tactical reasons, religion, and prestige. Colonialism has shaped the contemporary understanding of individuals from Niger as well as other parts of Africa and other places too, like the Chambri and Tlingit people; mainly in economics. Because of the colonial past of so many cultures, numerous indigenous people today face many issues. Today colonialism is still active, known as Neocolonialism, which has devastating effects on global cultural groups.
“The sun never sets on the British Empire,” Great Britain often bragged. By 1914, about 85% of the earth’s surface was colonized by Europe. Between 1884 and 1885, The Berlin Conference took place to carve up the African continent (Background Essay). Europeans saw high potential in Africa and thought the continent was empty, even though it was not. It was roughly “untouched” and they thought they could do anything they wanted (Doc.1). Great Britain’s colonization in Kenya affected the country’s religion and culture, education, and government.
Throughout history, imperialism has led countries to extend their rule over weaker countries and then colonized those countries to expand their own power. Imperialism allows the ruling countries to use the weaker countries for their resources. Colonizing other countries would then lead to growth and a better reputation for the dominating country. There are many examples of imperialism throughout European history. When many European countries “scrambled” for Africa, it seemed as though Africa had no say in anything. During the 19th century, Europe found a way to use Africa for their own growth and power. Using Africa for their resources, the Europeans colonized Africa without a second thought. European imperialism in Africa had a negative impact because of social disarray, cultural loss, and death it caused.
11 Feb. 2014. Anonymous. I am a naysayer. " Somalia: 20 Years of Anarchy. "
Somalia is a country with great geography because it is located on “the horn” of Africa. The country of Somalia borders the Gulf of Aden, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya and the Indian Ocean. The climate of Somalia is semi-arid with many main rain seasons which provides a conflict to the vegetation of the country. In the country of Somalia, livestock is important to the economy. Somalia's pre colonial history includes trading because of its location in Africa. The colonial period of Somalia lasted from 1840 to 1960. Somalia gained its independence in the year of 1960. The country of Somalia has had a changing government system. The current leader of Somalia is Hassan Sheikh Mohamud. The economy of Somalia is important to the lives of the people.
In the early 1880’s, the powers of Europe started to take control of regions in Africa and set up colonies there. In the beginning, colonization caused the Africans little harm, but before long, the Europeans started to take complete control of wherever they went. The Europeans used their advanced knowledge and technology to easily maneuver through the vast African landscape and used advanced weapons to take control of the African people and their land. The countries that claimed the most land and had the most significant effect on Africa were France, England, Belgium, and Germany. There were many reasons for the European countries to be competing against each other to gain colonies in Africa. One of the main reasons was that the Europeans believed that the more territory a country was able to control, the more powerful it could become and the more powerful it would be seen as by other countries. Other reasons for the desire to control African land included the many natural resources that could only be found in Africa, such as diamonds, gold, and as time progressed, rubber. It also provided new markets in surrounding places so that manufactured goods could be sold for a larger profit. The Europeans had many motives for imperialism in Africa. Yet the true motives were often shielded as they tried tom present themselves as humanitarians when in reality they were making Africa a terrible place to live with brutality and harsh treatment of the African natives. The ways of the Europeans had many physical and emotional costs for the people of Africa. The imperialism process also took a toll on the people of Europe. The European imperialistic colonization in Africa was motivated by the desire to control the abundant natural resources an...
Genocide, destruction, poor infrastructure, Rwanda a recovering country that cannot shed it’s bad reputation. Before Belgium colonized Rwanda there were Hutu’s and Twa’s, later on in the 1300’s the Tutsi’s migrated over. When these ethnic groups met they created a common culture and language, they were equals. However the ethnic divisions perpetuated by Belgium resulted in a Genocide that tarnished Rwanda’s global image. People can note that Belgiums reign created chaos and terror, in addition politic issues regarding government power and the treatment of it’s people shaped modern day Rwanda.
In United States, educational system is planned based on levels such as elementary school is from first grade to sixth grades, middle school is from seventh grades to eighth grades, and high school is from ninth grades to twelfth grades and four years in university and grades schools are based on a single shift and mostly free. While in Ethiopia school system is divided to primary school which is class one to class six, junior secondary school is junior secondary school (JSS) one to three, and senior secondary school (SSS) one to four and the school operates on the two shift bases and is not free because of outnumber of students in the school system. In the United States, teaching and learning process utilizes interactive instruction methods such as discussions, teamwork activities, and community service projects to elicit imaginative thinking, problem solving and decision making toward a goal of meaningful insight which is a key factor to help student succeed while the teaching and learning process in Ethiopia school system is to complete the syllabus since there is no chance for interactive process and at the end you found out that student can be college graduates but find it difficult to read a middle school level text book. With this plan of the school curriculum in the American educational system, the best quality training will brining students ' to ultimate success in life, and the curriculum places great importance on this principle. As for student progress, they are given increasing autonomy in the direction of their work, but also encourage how to work cooperatively with others. Mostly, Students are allowed to participate in their own work evaluation. Students help teachers set up forum to make problems solving easier. Students solve problems without assistance from the teacher. Generally, Student takes full