Brass players are affected with several types of dystonia. Musician’s dystonia in brass players can affect either hand as well as the embouchure. The most common digit affected was digit 3 and a combination of digits 2 and 3. In Conti’s study, 25 percent of brass musicians suffered from hand dystonia. Embouchure dystonia is painless and is often triggered by certain music practice techniques and very seldom by trauma. Dystonia of the embouchure is very task-specific and usually occurs in one register of the instrument. Certain styles of playing can also trigger dystonic issues. (Frucht, 2009) performed an observation of 89 patients with embouchure dystonia that showed different types of issues. The register of the brass instrument showed
1. What is a TBI? What is CTE? What happens inside the brain? How could playing football lead to development of CTE?
The ability to flex the finger consists of a serial of flexor muscles in the forearm and their tendons are inserted to the bones of finger. The injury of flexor tendon might cause the loss of bending of the fingers or thumb. The flexor digitorum profundus tendon (FDP) attaching to the distal phalanx and the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon banding to middle phalanx well demonstrated the specific type of tendon-to-bone insertion site characterized by the four-zone enthesis.[1] The retinacula (sheath) structures serve as strong fibrous bands wrap around the flexor tendons in order to keep the flexor tendons in place while flexion.
The football field may be considered a space for football, but it is also a performance area for the marching music performer. The performer who uses the same space as football players is a member of a drum corps. Marching musical performers experience the same nervous anxiety ticks as other athletes. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the effects of anxiety has on performers of drum corps.
Hypokinetic Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder that is often associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD). It can occur when there is interference in the basal ganglia control circuit. These disruptions can include “degenerative, vascular, traumatic, infectious, inflammatory, neoplastic, and toxic-metabolic diseases (Duffy, 2013, p. 176).” Damage to the basal ganglia control circuit results in reduced range of motion as well as the inability to inhibit involuntary movements. Hypokinetic dysarthria is most commonly caused by PD; a progressive, neurogenic disease that is characterized by tremor, rigidity, slowness of movement, and incoordination. Eighty-seven percent of hypokinetic dysarthria cases are associated with degenerative disease (Duffy, 2013).
In order to empathize with the struggles of a Dupuytren’s patient, people need to be informed about the disease. It is important to understand the diagnosis, treatment, outcomes, and history of the condition that leaves people with malformed hands.
Lewy body dementia (LBD) is a progressive dementia and the second most common type of dementia after Alzheimer's disease dementia. Protein deposits, called Lewy bodies, develop in nerve cells in the brain regions involved in motor control such as, thinking, memory and movement (Mayo Clinic). LBD has similar symptoms with both Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease and is often misdiagnosed. Of particular note, Robin Williams suffered from this debilitating disease which lead to his suicide in 2014. It was not discovered until his autopsy three months after his death.
Parkinson disease (PD), also referred to as Parkinson’s disease and paralysis agitans, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is the third most common neurologic disorder of older adults. It is a debilitating disease affecting motor ability and is characterized by four cardinal symptoms: tremor rigidity, bradykinesia or kinesis (slow movement/no movement), and postural instability. Most people have primary, or idiopathic, disease. A few patients have secondary parkinsonian symptoms from conditions such as brain tumors and certain anti-psychotic drugs.
Parkinson's is an idiopathic, multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that attacks neurotransmitters in the brain called dopamine. Dopamine is concentrated in a specific area of the brain called the substantia nigra. The neurotransmitter dopamine is a chemical that regulates muscle movement and emotion. Dopamine is responsible for relaying messages between the substantia nigra and other parts of the brain to control body movement. The death of these neurotransmitters affects the central nervous system. The most common symptoms are movement related, including shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement and difficulty with posture. Behavioral problems may arise as the disease progresses. Due to the loss of dopamine, Parkinson's patients will often experience depression and some compulsive behavior. In advanced stages of the disease dementia will sometimes occur. The implications of the disease on the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory and phonatory systems significantly control speech.
An Orthopedic Impairment is the most common of physical disabilities. A physical disability is any condition that interferes with how a child uses their body. An Orthopedic Impairment is defined as, “A bodily impairment that is severe enough to negatively affect a child’s educational performance” (education). Orthopedic Impairments are often separated into three main categories. These categories are neuromotor impairments, musculoskeletal disorders, and degenerative diseases. Although neuromotor impairments typically involves the brain and spinal cord, they can also affect a child’s ability to move, use, feel, or control certain parts of their body. Musculoskeletal disorders include diseases of the bones and muscles, such as limb deficiency or club-foot. Degenerative diseases affect a child’s motor skills such as muscular dystrophy. This is a group of genetic diseases in which muscle fibers are very vulnerable to damage. Some causes of orthopedic impairments can be genetics, injury, birth defects, disease, burns, fractures, cerebral palsy, and many other circumstances. Some examples of orthopedic impairments that may be caused by a birth defect are clubfoot, spina bifida, and absence of or malformation of one for more limbs. Some examples that may be caused by a disease consist of muscular dystrophy, arthritis, and childhood obesity. Other causes of orthopedic impairment may contain fractures, which cause stiff and/or immobile joints called contractures.
 Mild, chronic depression has probably existed as long as the human condition, although it has been referred to by various different names. The DSM-III replaced the term “neurotic depression” with dysthymic disorder--which literally means ‘ill-humored’-and it was added to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 1980
Scott, Elizabeth, M.S. “Music and Your Body: How Music Affects Us and Why Music Therapy
James Parkinson first discovered Parkinson's Disease in 1817. Parkinson's Disease is a common neurologic disorder for the elderly. It is a disorder of the brain characterized by shaking and difficulty with walking, movement, and coordination. This disease is associated with damage to a part of the brain that controls muscle movement. Parkinson's Disease is a chronic illness that is still being extensively studied.
Many people around the world today suffer from Parkinson’s disease and other movement disorders. A movement disorder is a disorder impairing the speed, fluency, quality, and ease of movement. There are many types of movement disorders such as impaired fluency and speed of movement (dyskinesia), excessive movements (hyperkinesia), and slurred movements (hypokinesia). Some types of movement disorders are ataxia, a lack of coordination, Huntington's disease, multiple system atrophies, myoclonus, brief, rapid outbursts of movement, progressive supranuclear palsy, restless legs syndrome, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, tics, Tourette's syndrome, tremor, Wilson disease, dystonia, which causes involuntary body movement, and Parkinson's disease. Parkinson’s disease, Tourette’s syndrome, and tics are one of the most widely known of these disorders, known to impair people of movements and rob them of their lives.
The most advanced layers of the cortex, unique to Man, link to the thumb and forefinger especially, and there is a further complex physiological response which occurs when the forebrain is aroused. Changes in Alpha rhythms cause blood capillaries to enlarge, and this too affects resistance.
~ Mysteriously and in ways that are totally remote from normal experience, the gray drizzle of horror induced by depression takes on the quality of physical pain ... it is entirely natural that the victim begins to think ceaselessly of oblivion. ~William Styron (1925-2006)