The Bauhaus was a school that was opened in 1919 in Weimar. Germany it was originally a school of arts, formed by Walter Gropius. In the early years of the Bauhaus it did not have an architect department despite being formed by an architect. The Bauhaus was created upon the influence of developments in art; Graphic, Interior, architecture, industrial and typography design.
The Bauhaus was created upon Germany’s loss in World War 1 lead for a huge step up in arts. But the biggest inspiration for the Bauhaus was modernism. An art that had been around since the 1880s. Walter Gropius goal was to create a new bread of craftsmen. Gropius hired the top artists of the time to help him teach within the Bauhaus. In 1922 Gropius employed a Dutch
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These years had significant change in the Bauhaus due to the new staff a directors. The Dessau Bauhaus had five apartments within the city and the headquarters in Bernau.
The Weimar Bauhaus
The Weimar Bauhaus was the first of the Bauhaus’ formed by Walter Gropius with only one goal in mind, to create the next generation of artists and craftsmen. At first the goal was to create a combined arts school within the next two years the Bauhaus had employed several big name artists including the names of Oskar Schlemmer, Paul Kleee and Wassily Kandinsky and Theo Van Doesburg who was to promote De Stijl.
Gropius wanted the overall goal of the Bauhaus was to design and create products with an “artistic merit” but because of Weimar’s lack of raw materials because this was in the war a lot of places didn’t have the resources or materials available to them. So these products would have to be made elsewhere. This bought in the philosophy of every student in the school should be trained to work like this.
The Dessau
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He had decided he was going to rent a rundown factory. And use it as his own Bauhaus so he had full control with no one else’s powers or influence.
The school had been open for 10 months before the Nazi party had realised that they was operating. By 1933 , a secret police force called the ‘Gestapo’ which was hitlers way of operating on the streets with a police force that acted under Nazi rules. Had the school closed down. This lead to a heavy protest by Mie’s who in the end got the school re opened. But shortly after the re-opening, Mie’s volunteered to have the school shut down.
Due to the Bauhaus modern influence Adolf Hitler portrayed this idea and had labelled the Bauhaus as “UN German” changing the German public’s view on the Bauhaus. Hitler had then criticised that the Bauhaus was just a cover and a front for the communists and the social liberals. Hitler having this opinion he had converted the minds of Mie’s and his loyal students to the Soviet Union after he got
Marcel Breuer, born in the early 1900’s in Hungary, was one of the first and youngest students to learn under the Bauhaus style, taught by Walter Gropius. Breuer started his career designing furniture, using tubular, or “handle bar like”, steel (Dodd, Mead, and Company 32). One of the most popular of these furniture designs was his Club Chair B3designed in 1922. In the 1930’s, Breuer moved to the United States to teach and practice architecture. In the 1950’s, he received the Medal of Honor from the New York Chapter of the American Institute of Architects (AIA). Between 1960 and 1980, Breuer was honored with several honorary doctoral degrees from several universities around the world. After retiring in 1976 due to poor health, Breuer was awarded several other awards, and his work was displayed in exhibitions around the world. Breuer died on July 2nd, 1981, at the age of 79 (Marcel Breuer Associates 6).
Josef was born on March 19, 1888 in Bottrop, Germany. At the age of 17 he became an elementary school teacher. By 25 he studied in Berlin to expand his skills and become a certified art teacher. Through the years he continued to build his education attending several art academies; The School of Arts and Crafts, Munich Academy, and Franz von Stuck. In 1922 he enrolled to Bauhaus, a teaching institution in Weimar, Germany. Here at Bauhaus is where his achievements began and where he met his lifetime partner, Anni. In 1925 he was the first student invited to join the faculty staff and pronounced “Jungmeister” or “Young Master”. Josef taught various art classes and developed his own techniques as a figurative artist studying printmaking, stain glass, furniture as well as writi...
Everything had broken down and new things had to be made out of the fragments; and this is Merz. It was like a revolution within me, not as it was, but as it should have been." http://www.designishistory.com. Kurt Schwitters had gone through both world wars which changed his artwork, which is why he is associated with some of the different art movements. Kurt Schwitters was born June 20, 1887.
Walter Benjamin’s essay The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction, published well into the Nazis’ tenure in Germany describes fascism in its epilogue as “the introduction of aesthetics into political life.” For this purpose, it is important to understand the denotative meaning of “aesthetics.” The Oxford Dictionary defines aesthetics as “a set of principles concerned with the appreciation of beauty.” Additionally, it can also refer to “a set of principles underlying the work of a particular artist or artistic movement.” Adolf Hitler and the Nazis established this “aesthetic” in Nazi Germany through multiple means: They created a clearly defined ideal of what was beautiful in appearance and what was degenerate, they had a clearly
On 30 January 1933, the German president, Paul von Hindenburg, selected Adolf Hitler to be the head of the government. This was very unexpected. Hitler was the leader of an extreme right-wing political party, the National Socialist German Workers (Nazi) Party. Hitler sought to expand Germany with new territories and boundaries. Hitler also focused on rebuilding Germany’s military strength. In many speeches Hitler made, he spoke often about the value of “racial purity” and the dominance of the Aryan master race. The Nazi’s spread their racist beliefs in schools through textbooks, radios, new...
Art Deco was a style that flourished throughout 1910 to around 1935. Known for its advancements in the art of advertising, the style had begun to prosper around the start of World War I (1914 – 1919), and had further developed to become a combination of various styles, as well as a rebellion against the concepts of Art Nouveau. Originally known to be referred to as the Art Moderne style, the name was changed only after the period had already passed its peak. The origin of the name involved the idea of decorative arts, hence the shortened name Art Deco, but previously the style had taken root within the time period of Modernism. Modernists sought to abstract the form and move away from the naturalistic curves found within the Art Nouveau period,
Being of military decent Hitler’s father ruled his home with an iron fist. This may have affected Hitler in more negative ways than normal. His father soon passed in his early adolescence and Hitler was raised by a single parent, his mother. In the beginning Hitler was not very interested in school he seemed disengaged, nonchalant and rebellious, his true passion lied in being an artist. Unfortunately with many failed attempts of entrance at the Art School Hitler’s hopes of ever becoming an artist remained a dream. Continuing life without formal education life was a little rough on Hitler. His beloved mother now diagnosed with a form of cancer and soon passed away too, Hitler was forced to survive by recreating scenes from postcards and living off the little pension he acquired from that.
In a time when the Weimar Republic presented a new definition of the Weimarian woman, Hoch found it important to exhibit the “new woman” through a Dadaist language. The concept of the “new woman” emerged in the early 1900s when the Weimar woman was living the most modern and liberal lifestyle in her lived life. She had now access to vote, ability to interrupt unwanted pregnancies, offered a job in a professional field that was outside of her home, but she was also accepted as to act in a “masculine” fashion, such as smoking in the public, wearing a short hairdo and dressing in a boyish style that helped her be comfortable in her new active life. Although the “new woman” represented a progress to a utopian gender equality, the majority of the Weimar’s men didn’t quite see it as such. Even many Berlin Dadaists, that “paid lip service to women’s emancipation” still made gender differentiation comments to the women around them.
Cubism was a movement that started in 1908 and ended roughly by the end of the 1920’s and is often synonymous with the works of Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, two of the most influential and important of the cubist painters, each coming up with their own first cubist painting near 1908. They tended toward the structural and architectural form of Cubism that was hinted at by post-impressionist Paul Cézanne, whose death would provoke an exhibition of work for future cubists and other modern painters to admire and learn from. On the other hand, near 1912-14, cubism took a different turn with the help of Picasso’s papier collé, (Golding 120, Green Synthesis 88, Gopnik 81). The collages produced by papier collé managed to change analytical cubism,
The ideology of the Bauhaus was conceived when Walter Gropius, a German architect, sought for a unification of the arts through craft. Gropius wanted to end the division between industry and art by training students equally in both crafts and fine arts. In 1919, the Weimar Academy of Arts and the Weimar School of Arts and Crafts merged together into what is known as the Bauhaus, or “house of construction.” Walter Gropius was appointed director and described the school as “a utopian craft guild combining architecture, sculpture, and painting into a single creative expression” in his Proclamation of the Bauhaus. Gropius soon developed a curriculum in which he combin...
He wished to become an artist but was rejected from the Academy in Vienna. (http://www.history.co.uk/biographies/adolf-hitler) Hitler had a lot to do with Germany and he was remembered, but not because of anything positive, but because he was one of the worst coldhearted dictators Germany or the world could’ve experienced.
The Bauhaus was a school in Weimer, Germany. It was founded in 1919 by a German architect named Walter Gropius. The goal behind the Bauhaus was to bring the arts together into a new age of modern art or, as Gropius described, “Architects, sculptors, painters, we must all get back to craft” (Borteh). Gropius expressed this idea in the Proclamation of the Bauhaus, a document by Gropius that stated the Bauhaus was a “utopian craft guild” that combined architecture, sculpture, and painting (Wilson). This idea attracted many highly experienced staff members.
The Bauhaus was the most influential modernist art school of the 20th century as it laid many foundations for design theory and helped us understand the importance of art in relation to society and technology. Although the school was in operation only between 1919 and 1933, it was a major influence in the fields of architecture, graphic design, typography, industrial design and interior design long after it has closed.
The German Expressionism movement started in the early twentieth century art world, pre-WWI, presumably from Vincent Van Gogh’s “pioneering expressionist paintings like… Starry, Starry Night”(Encyclopaedia of Art History). It was a purely aesthetic movement at this time that sought to oppose the Impressionist movement, which imitated nature, by imposing unnatural, distorted images. Aspects of those distortions served to convey the emotions an artist held towards their subject. War brought terror. War brought mental meltdowns. War changed the Expressionistic style into a “bitter protest movement”(Encyclopaedia of Art History) as artists “suffered from war-induced disillusionment and were dissatisfied with post-war German
Art is all around us. The architectural design of buildings to the ornamentation of jewelry and art is in almost everything. To those who have little prior knowledge of certain architecture styles and or influences, a building can appear, as just a building and a piece of jewelry can appear as just that. With the idea that art is everywhere there are two art styles that have heavily influenced the architecture seen in todays communities, those being Art Deco and Bauhaus. These styles represent so much more than architecture, they represent a time period and a cultural and political reform. The purpose of this paper is that one will be able to understand