What is HSV?
There are a number of viruses that effect the human population. Herpes is one of these viruses that are quite common throughout the world. Herpes is highly contagious infection cause by two types of viruses. These two types of viruses are known as HSV- type 1 and HSV- type 2.
‘HSV- type 1 which is very common, usually involves a form of ulcers on the skin or mucus membrane, which forms cold sores’ (SA Health, 2014). Where as, HSV- type 2 is known to affect the genital area forming genital herpes. Once an individual has been infected with either HSV-1 or HSV-2, both viruses remain in the body and is a life long infection. ‘Most of these viruses remain undiagnosed, as the symptoms are not recognizable unless the doctor has tested the individual positive with the virus’ (MIT Medical, 2011). When symptoms are visible they appear in an individual or multiple forms of blisters on the infected area.
Mechanism of attack
The HSV moves and passes through body fluids such as saliva, semen and fluid in the genital tract of females or fluid from the herpes sore present. This virus can be transmitted through the skin or mucus membranes of an uninfected individual through the genital area or the mouth. ‘Once the virus has contact with the skin or the membrane mucous, it then replicates transporting itself to the nerve cells’ (Harvey, S, 2014,). The disadvantage of the HSV-2, it has no symptoms, so an individual can be affected without knowing they have the virus.
Although both viruses a highly contagious, ‘HSV- 1 can be easily transmitted by the spread of saliva through kissing or a drop of breath. Where as, genital herpes (HSV-2) is spread through sexual activity’ (Harvey, S, 2014,).
‘HSV-2 can also be spread through pregnanc...
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Harvey, S, 2014, Herpes Simplex, UMMC, retrieved on april 1st 2014 from, http://umm.edu/health/medical/reports/articles/herpes-simplex
MIT Medical, 2011, Everything you need to know about herpes, Retrieved on April 2nd 2014 from, http://medweb.mit.edu/wellness/programs/herpes.html#prevention
SA Health, 2014, Herpes Simplex type 1 (cold sores or fever blisters), Symptoms, treatment and prevention. Retrieved on 2nd April 2014 from, http://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/health+topics/health+conditions+prevention+and+treatment/infectious+diseases/herpes+simplex+type+1/herpes+simplex+type+1+cold+sores+or+fever+blisters+-+symptoms+treatment+and+prevention.
WebMD, 2014, Genital Herpes health Center, Retrieved on April 1st 2014 from, http://www.webmd.com/genital-herpes/guide/genital-herpes-diagnosis
Most people in the U.S. learn STDs in their health class in high school. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) that causes sores over private parts or all over the body in a later stage. Syphilis is caused by a bacteria called spirochete. The spirochete cannot survive outside the body. The only way to get the disease is by intimate contact, but catching it is rare. Having more than one partner could increase the chances to catch the disease. The spirochete enters in a break in your skin genitals area or mouth. Once in your body, about three weeks it becomes a sore or have multiple sores. The sore looks like a crater on the surface of the skin. In the first stage it can be treated easily with antibiotics or penicillin. The second stage the syphilis spreads to the rest of the body. It is visible in your hand and soles on your feet. It can cause cardio-vascular disease, mental problems, paralysis, blindness and tumors. Syphilis has links to HIV/AIDS. It also attacks your nervous system. After infection it takes 21 to develop any symptoms for other people it takes from 10 to ninety days. It acts like no other disease known. The last stage is the deadliest if ignored, by the person. The damage obtained by syphilis is irreversible. By practicing safe sex (condoms), or having one sex partner can prevent these
Herpesviruses are not only been present in humans, they are most often found in commonly studied animals which implicatively insinuates the amount of ...
Dr. Kinghorn, G. (2014, January 14). Dr. george kinghorn: "an update on herpes simplex". Retrieved from http://www.herpes.org.uk/art_kinghorn.html
HSV-1 is spread through saliva and direct contact, such as kissing, sharing eating utensils, sharing drinks or sharing personal items. Children often contract the virus from kissing their parents and coming in contact with other children. HSV-2 is spread through sexual intercourse. HSV must be transported through bodily fluids (saliva, pus, semen, vaginal fluid) to infect cells.3 The virus is transmitted through the mucosal linings of the body or through an open wound and has an incubation period of 2-12 days.4
Legionnaires’ disease is an infectious disease caused most often by the bacteria Legionella pneumophila (L. pneumophila). The disease resembles severe pneumonia. Legionnaires’ disease is sometimes called “Legion Fever.” It was first discovered in 1976 when there was a pneumonia outbreak among people attending a convention of the American Legion in Philidelphia. In January of 1977 the bacteria was discovered as the causative agent of the outbreak. While outbreaks receive substantial media attention, thousands of people are exposed to the bacteria each year and never have any serious signs or symptoms of the disease. The elderly, immunocompromised and smokers are the most susceptible. Most outbreaks that do occur are in the summer when water temperatures naturally rise. Fatality rate of the disease ranges from 5 to 30 percent (The Mayo Clinic, 2008).
There are over 100 types of HPV (Human Papilloma Virus). This virus affects the skin and moist membranes that line the body such as the mouth, throat, fingers, nails, cervix, and anus. Between 30 and 40 of the 100 viruses can affect the genital area; for the most part it causes genital warts. Human Papilloma Virus is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases In the United States, according to various studies it is estimated that at least 50% of sexually active people will get some type of genital Hpv at some time in their lives. People can get Hpv and have the virus for years, even pass it on to their sex partners without even knowing it that is because the virus often does not show any symptoms. It is a sexually transmitted disease that can cause genital warts and cervical cancer”. (“HPV fact sheet” 2012).
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver. There are currently five known viruses that cause can hepatitis (Microbiology, 10e). The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is transmitted through contact with the blood of an infected person; however, it is now more commonly spread among IV drug users that share needles. Healthcare workers are also at risk for contracting HCV, but with standard precautions, the risk is low. “Prior to 1992, some people acquired the HCV infection from transfusions of blood or blood products. Since 1992, all blood products have been screened for HCV, and cases of HCV due to blood transfusion now are extremely rare. HCV can be passed from mother to unborn child. Approximately 4 out of every 100 infants born to HCV-positive mothers become infected with the virus. A small number of cases are transmitted through sexual intercourse; however, the risk of transmission of HCV from an infected individual to a non-infected spouse or sexual partner without the use of condoms over a lifetime has been estimated to be between 1% and 4%. There have also been some outbreaks of HCV when instruments exposed to blood have been re-used without appropriate disinfection.” (Microbiology, 10e)
The chikungunya virus could not only have a devastating impact on the tourism of these countries, but also it could hurt other parts of their economies. To start off, with the chikungunya virus would also come public health costs which could potentially hurt the economy as these countries would have to figure out how to prevent chikungunya(Lalta, Stanley). Prevention could only be done through spending money on research and medicine that's necessary in order to stop chikungunya. Estimated amounts show that “total treatment and preventions for the Chikungunya Virus with a population of 1.3 million people would cost 13.2 million dollars in U.S. currency”, a very expensive amount that many poorer countries cannot bear. Symptoms of CHIK such as severe joint pain, headache, or arthritis would require real medicine to help a person stay healthy. Arthritis in limbs has been known to be one of the most severe symptoms associated with the chikungunya virus. By definition, it is
Pathogens are a type of microorganism that spreads viral and bacterial diseases. These diseases when present in human blood and body fluids are known as blood borne pathogens, and can spread from one person to another. (Worcester polytechnic institute) The most serious types of blood borne diseases are the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), which can cause liver damage; and HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), which is responsible for causing AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). The blood borne pathogens can be spread when the blood or body fluids (semen, vaginal fluid, breast milk, and amniotic fluid) of an infected individual comes into contact with mucous membranes or an open sore or cut on the skin of another person. Mucus membranes are located in the eyes, nose, mouth, and other areas as well. ("Bloodborne pathogens: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia") Two of the most common ways that pathogens are transmitted is through the exchange of fluids during sexual intercourse or by sharing infected IV needles. (Worcester polytechnic institute)
The HBV virus is transmitted through contact with contaminated blood or other body fluids such as serum, semen and salvia. The condition following the infection can either be classified as acute or chronic HBV.
Young adolescents do not understand that genital herpes is highly contagious and can be passed without them knowing. There are two types of herpes viruses: “type-1 which usually causes cold sores on the lips and mouth, and type-2 which usually causes genital herpes (Wee 2).
Hepatitis A is a usually short-acting virus that occurs in humans and monkeys. It is caused by the Hepatovirus and the species is Hepatitis A Virus. There are two major ways in which hepatitis A can be transmitted. One way is from person to person. This transmission occurs when the fecal matter of an infected person gets ingested by another person.
Viruses can be transmitted in many ways. Being in contact with an infected person will most likely transfer the virus. One can also obtain the virus through swallowing, inhaling, and unsafe sex. Poor hygiene and eating habits usually increase the risk of catching a viral infection. Contracting a viral infection is followed by adverse s...
Infectious diseases also called as communicable diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms (such as bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi), can be spread directly or indirectly from one person to another.
14) Kissing transfers viruses & germs: Different germs & viruses can be transferred via a kiss. For this reason there is an untold banning of kisses in Brazil in fear of Zika.