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Theories of human development
Essay on darwin's theory
Theory of human development theories
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“If God is all-powerful, and he can do anything, can he create a rock so heavy that even he can’t lift?” This is the question that planted the seed of doubt in my mind which eventually sprouted into my full resentment of religion. The existence of God is something that has been debated since the beginning of humanity and will most likely follow until the end. Along with its controversy, the question has brought discrimination, wars, and even genocide throughout our history with it. God is a myth because evolution disproves his existence and there is no scientific proof to back it up. To start, to believe in the traditional Christian God is to disbelieve in evolution. Hence the “So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female he created them” (Genesis 1:27). Christians, along with many other similar religions, would have it that humans just appeared at the hand of God exactly how we are now. Perfect and with only one purpose: to praise God. However, there is irrefutable proof of evolution, and none to support the existence of a mystical being, such as God. Darwin’s theory of evolution holds a much more logical explanation for how humans came to be. Everything evolved from one, simple ancestor. By natural selection, also known as “survival of the fittest”, this original species eventually, over billions of years, evolved into everything we see now. Even humans, as complex and significant as we are, started from something else. Every species changes over time to better suit its environment and help it produce more offspring. If a species doesn’t have a certain trait that it needs to survive, it will either die out or evolve.
Many people maintain the argument that human beings are so complex and elegant that the only explanation is that a “God” designed them. As one Christian thinker puts it, “Design demands a designer” (Ames).
The theory of Evolution was developed by Charles Darwin throughout his life and published in 1859 in a book called "The Origin of Species." In brief, it states that all living things on earth evolved over time and that natural selection is how they evolve. Natural selection is the process by which entire populations change in response to their environment. It works because those who are better adapted to the environment reproduce at a higher rate than those who are less suited for the environment (Biology, 2001). It is widely accepted that humans evolved from primates. That is why the trial had the nickname of "Monkey Trial". In contrast, the theory of Divine Creation states that the universe was created in seven days by God and that animals have not evolved since. One can see clear differences between these two theories.
Throughout history man has searched for an explanation of our origins and why we are here. Many creation myths are attempts of our ancestors to do just that. I have found in reading many of these creation myths, that there is also an attempt to explain why human existence is imperfect. The following essay will compare and contrast four creation myths and their explanation of how mans imperfection came to be.
The relationship between gods and mortals in mythology has long been a complicated topic. The gods can be generous and supportive, and also devastating and destructive to any group of humans. Mortals must respect the powers above them that cannot be controlled. The gods rule over destiny, nature, and justice, and need to be recognized and worshipped for the powerful beings as they are. Regardless of one's actions, intentions, and thoughts, the gods in Greek myth have ultimate power and the final decision of justice over nature, mortals, and even each other.
The question of how man evolved has been pondered for some time. Many great philosophers and explorers have made attempts to try to answer this question. Charles Darwin was one of these people. Darwin led a full life of exploration, and during these adventures, he accumulated much information about evolution. He met many explorers that had various ideas of their own about how man evolved. In discussion with these people, he figured out if what they were telling him was fact or fiction. This helped him to formulate his own theory.
"Why is Eurydice such a bitch?" was the comment asked of me during a lesson on the poem "Eurydice" by H.D. "Doesn't she realize that Orpheus loves her and is only trying to rescue her? Why is she so harsh to him?" It was during a unit on mythology that the students were reading H.D's poetryówe had recently completed the small "Orpheus and Eurydice" blurb in Edith Hamilton's Mythology when I came across H.D's effort and decided to introduce it to my students. We had previously explored the roles of women in several contextsóhistorically and religiously. Now we encountered the first female speaker who activated the Greek myth with her strong, powerful language.
According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, God is “a being or object believed to have more than natural attributes and powers and to require human worship; specifically: one controlling a particular aspect or part of reality.” (“God”). For a philosopher, however, this concept has proven to be more than a little difficult to solve. According to O’Brien in his book An Introduction to the Theory of Knowledge, “The philosophy of religion is (in part) concerned with whether such a belief is justified.” (177). The belief that O’Brien mentions as being problematic is the belief that the God worshiped by the monotheistic religions such as Judaism, Christianity and Islam is the “supernatural” being who is responsible for creating the universe and can control reality in some way (177). This God is intelligent and has the ability to interfere with human affairs if s/he sees fit, and is “omnipotent (able to do anything), omniscient (knows everything), perfectly good, and eternal.” (177). Many philosophers throughout the ages have tried to prove/disprove the existence of God—men such as René Descartes, George Berkeley, David Hume, Thomas Reid, Bertrand Russell, and Immanuel Kant. Each of these philosophers had a different take on the issue of God, some of them believed that they had proved his/her existence, some believed that they had disproved his/her existence, and the others came to the conclusion that we either can’t know that s/he exists or his/her existence essentially doesn’t effect our lives. Overall, the proposition of “God” creates many epistemological problems that are not easily solved, but there is an a priori argument and two empirical arguments that make valiant attempts.
The main arguers against evolution come from the theistic view of creationism. The first step in debating creationism is to not bring the discussion of religion into the debate at all. As an atheist; one can’t use the evolutionary theory to disprove the existence of a god or multiple gods, because evolution doesn't disprove the existence of God’s. There just isn’t empirical scientific evidence for them. Our modern understanding of evolution does show that the creation myths of the past are nothing more than actual myths; such as the seven day...
In this paper I will present two differing views on the topic of the design argument. In particular, I will explain William Paley's view supporting the design argument and Bertrand Russell's view against the design argument. After a presentation of the differing views, I will then evaluate the arguments to show that William Paley has a stronger argument.
substantiates the evidence against the existence of God. This creationism counter-argument known as evolution has its roots in our contemporary understanding of a progressive process of natural evolution. This process shaped the nature of all living things beginning with single-cell organisms and ending with highly complex creatures such as humanoids.
Recently, the scientific and religious communities are sparring over life’s biggest existential question; how do humans exist? Throughout the 20th and 21st century, many ardent believers in God, specifically believers of the Judeo-Christian God, believe in a literal translation of the Genesis stories. These Evangelicals believe that whatever happened in the Bible is the verbatim truth and accurately describes how humanity was created. This philosophy, namely Creationism, states that the physical and spiritual worlds were created by God in seven days around six thousand years ago. However, a new belief system arose on the creation of humanity: evolution. Created by the natural sciences, evolution states that, just like all living beings, humans
Only in the past one hundred years have men finally put aside their Biblical and mythical tales about creation, and looked to the facts in order to piece together a logical explanation for the origin of mankind. In turn, men were now able to explain the enigma of their origin without the presence of a supernatural being responsible for their creation. At the head of a slew of men trying to uncover logical reasons for mans derivation was Charles Darwin. Darwin was the most accomplished of these men because he was able to put forth a logical conjecture that was based upon facts and observations. This theory, for a short time, was able to end the feud among educated men because many now put their trust in this new “theory of evolution”. Unfortunately, this revolutionary new theory threatened the religious beliefs about creation and soon a new rivalry emerged between the creationists and evolutionists.
According to Joseph Campbell’s The Power of Myth, one archetypal mythic hero appears in diverse cultures in different forms. Two protagonists in Paulo Coelho’s The Alchemist and Thor Heyerdahl’s Kon-Tiki share similar heroic characteristics despite their different backgrounds and cultures.
In the texts that we have recently read, we have seen the importance of myth in giving meaning and understanding to life. In the Beginnings of the Western Mind we read about the importance of myth in the consciousness of the oral societies of pre-classical Greece; in Where the Bluebird Sings to the Lemonade Springs we read about the myth of the "West" in the U.S. and its influence on the thought of many Americans; In Things Fall Apart we see the power if myth and the consequences of the break down of those myths and stories upon which a culture is structured on. I wish to discuss the importance of telling myths and stories in influencing the quality of our culture. Often, Americans look back on older cultures and try to understand them in terms of their myths and stories but, I fear, we do not question our own myths and stories.
...y of the remaking of man. Man is not a finished creation” (Edmund Burke, 2010). Meaning that religion is an idea created by humans to create meaning for life. And, people created that god exist because it motivates and encourages them, that a supernatural power is always there to help when in need. Therefore, god or a supernatural power is an illusion. Evolution has happened and humans are the products. This is because humans have the superior traits and the advanced brain compared to the other species. We are capable of expanding our specie and moving forward from our needs to wants such as having a luxurious life. The most important evidences to evolution are the fossil records, natural selection and genetic similarities. People should not be judged due to their religion and their ethnical morals. With advanced technology, we are yet to discover many more things.
Mythology: used in numerous religions to rationalize the unexplainable. The creation of the universe remains unknown to this day. Greek and Norse mythology concluded their own philosophy of how the earth came into existence. The creation of gods allows people to identify with their religion through shared characteristics. Brave tales of heroes represent the best qualities of man-kind: courage, wisdom, and devotion. Mythology allows people to feel a sense of belonging while also describing the creation, origin of gods and goddesses, and the heroic deeds of mankind.