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Indigenous religions
Indigenous religions and environment
Indigenous religions
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In the beginning, a young boy named Little Hawk and his friend Leaping Turtle had to survive in the winter wilderness. They were given a few tools to use and this test of survival would prove if they have come of age to become men and see their Manitou, a good spirit different in to each person. Little Hawk got his tomahawk, a bow, and a steel knife from his father from bartering with white men. Little Hawk was blindfolded and was guided to a certain location before his father left him to survive isolated from his friends and family. On the first day, he ran into some bad luck when he fell over a steep ledge directly into some menacing thorns and drew blood. Little Hawk was injured, but he still continued on and made a fire and fell asleep under a rock overhang for the night. The next few days, Little Hawk continued to survive, making traps and fishing for food. He did this same routine for the rest of the three months after the traps broke and he got hungry. When he caught an eel, his father’s prized steel knife slid across the icy lake and sunk to the bottom before he could retrieve it. Little Hawk still moved on trying to live and grow throughout the winter. Eventually, his Manitou, a fish hawk, was revealed to Little Hawk and guided him through the rest of the cold, winter months. When Little Hawk came back to his village, most of the people were dead except Suncatcher, his grandmother. They moved into a new village to start a new life with new people until spring. Three years later, Little Hawk and Leaping Turtle were chosen to be runners, messengers to and from the Indian sachem’s village. He noticed two men being crushed by a fallen tree and realized one of them was John Wakeley, an old friend, after pleading for Little Haw...
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...they meet. In the morning, Master Medlycott gave John a horse as an early marriage gift and the couple left to Plymouth to meet John’s parents. They were not happy for marrying the woman though and tried to separate them but failed and John, with Huldah, ran away to the coast. There they were greeted by Yellow Feather, the chief of the Indian sachem, when John saved one of the village children from death on his way to Plymouth before. John and Huldah were granted shelter and they left to settle in with Roger Williams. As time went on, the tension between the Englishmen and the Indians was at its peak. When John wanted his tools back, he traveled to his home, but he was killed by one of King Philip’s warriors and the time period shifted over two centuries. A girl named Rachel met Little Hawk and released his soul by burying his tomahawk under a bitternut hickory tree.
The book starts out with a chapter called “Over the Mountains”, which in my opinion for this chapter the author wanted the reader to understand what it was like to live on the other side of the Appalachian Mountains. This is where he brings out one of the main characters in this book, which is Henry Brackenridge. Mr. Brackenridge is a cultivated man in Pittsburgh. He was wealthy and he was there to ratify the Constitution. He was a Realist. He was a college friend of James Madison at College of New Jersey. He was also in George Washington’s post as a chaplain for the Revolutionary War. He believed that Indians needed to be assimilated into the American culture. “… ever to be converted into civilized ways, their legal rights were to be protected” (Hogeland 19). He will become one of the leaders of the Whiskey Rebellion.
On their way to an all boys' school during World War Two, the boy's plane crashed on to an uninhabited tropical island. The boys end up all alone on the island without any adults. Ralph and Piggy, two of the main characters, find how to use a conch they find on the beach as a horn to call the first meeting on the island. This conch ends up being the symbol of order and civilization, and is also used for calling meetings and holding it would give boy holding it the right to speak. Everyone decides that the would be civilized and make rules, keep a signal fire going and have a chief that will call meetings and lead the group of boys. Ralph and Jack, another main character in the book, and the leader of the choir group, are in an election to see who will become chief and Ralph wins. This upsets Jack, but he agrees to have his choir maintain the signal fire, using Piggy spectacles to start the fire. To be sure that they were on an island Ralph and jack go out on an expedition. During their expedition they don't only find out that they are actually on an island but there are pigs on the island as well. At one end of the island there is a big rock/mountain that they decide the will maintain their signal fire on. Jack then finds his new hobby of hunting pigs.
Two outdoorsmen are out in the wild of the north. They are on a mission to deliver the body and coffin of a famous person. Their dogs disappear as they are entised by a she-wolf and eaten by the rest of the pack. They only have three rounds of ammunition left and Bill, one of the men, uses them to try to save one of their dogs that is being attacked; he misses and is eaten by the pack with the dog. Only Henry and two dogs are left; he makes a fire with leaves and scattered branches, trying to drive away the wolves. They draw in close and he is almost eaten, saved only by a company of men who were traveling nearby. The wolves are in the midst of a starvation. They continue on running and hunting, lead by several wolves alongside the she-wolf, and when they finally find food the pack starts to split up. The she-wolf mates with one of the wolves and has a litter of pups inside an abandoned cave. Only one survives after several more famines and harsh weather, and he grows strong and is a feisty pup. The puppy learns the basics of hunting and survival. They come to an Indian village where the she-wolf's (who is actually half-wolf, half-dog) master is. He catches her again and White Fang, her pup, stays nearby. Soon, she is sold to another Indian, while White Fang stays with Gray Beaver, her master. White fang whines and cries but it does'nt help. The other dogs of the village terrorize White Fang, especially one named Lip-lip, who for now is bigger and stronger. White Fang becomes more and more vicious, more like a wolf than a dog, encouraged by his master who beats him. One day he meets is mother and is turned to a light-hearted pup but, his mother does'nt even notice him. He kills other dogs that used to terroize him. Gray Beaver goes to Fort Yukon to trade and discovers whiskey, which he calls sweet water. White Fang is passed into the hands of Beauty Smith, a monster of a man who got Grey Beaver drunk and tricked him into selling Whit Fang. Beaty Smith put White Fang ino dogfighting and he fights other dogs until he meets his match in a bulldog from the east and is saved only by a man named Scott.
The Story of Two Brothers (Blackfoot Indian) consists of two brothers, Nopatsis, the elder, and Akaiyan, the younger. The story starts off by mentioning the evil woman that Nopatsis is married to, the reason for her being “evil” is because she lusted for Akaiyan. She used many techniques to seduce the younger brother but at the same time tried to convince Nopatsis to send Akaiyan away. The wife then makes a plan that would force Nopatsis to get rid of his younger brother. When Nopatsis returns he finds his wife with ripped clothing and the wife says that Akaiyan tried to rape her. Every summer people gather by the waterfowl molt to gathered small feathers for their arrows. Since Nopatsis lived near the shores of a lake, the brothers decided to gather the feathers together. Nopatsis takes Akaiyan far from the shore in a quiet dense area and while Akaiyan was busy gathering feathers, Nopatsis leaves him to die on the island. He knew that his younger brother wouldn’t be able to swim back to the shore because the lake was deep and prone to sudden storms. Akaiyan tries to convince Nopatsis into believing that his wife was lying across the lake, but it was too late. Akaiyan knowing his chances of surviving looks into the water and prays to the nature spirits to help him, calls the Sun and the Moon to vindicate him. He then builds himself a shelter and uses ducks/geese for food and clothing. Everything changes once a little beaver invites Akaiyan to visit his family’s den. Wh...
Whilst making their way to a British Fort, Major Heywood and his party are attacked by Indians. Three men come to their rescue, two of them Indians, and another is a white man whom was raised by the eldest Indian. This man, Hawkeye, his brother and father rescue the Major and the two women that are in his party.
Six thousand years ago in Northern Europe a teenager named Torak wakes up with his shoulder throbbing in pain. His father lies next to him bleeding from an open wound. The two have been attacked by an enormous demon bear, which is bound to come back at any moment. As he bleeds out, Torak’s father can only bare to say a few more words. He says that the demon bear will only grow stronger with each kill it makes, and he also tells Torak that he has to go to the Mountain of the World Spirit in order to defeat the bear. With his last few breaths he reveals that a guide will find Torak and lead him to the mountain. There is so much more that Torak wants to know, but it is too late. He hears the bear crashing through the forest and takes off in the opposite direction. After running for miles Torak stumbles upon a small wolf den that had been destroyed by a flash flood. The only wolf who survived the flood is a small wolf pup. The pup gives a small howl and instantly memories of the past begin to flow through Torak. At a very young age Torak’s mother died and his father placed him in a wolf den for three months. The wolves took him in and raised him as one of their own. While in the den Torak formed a strong bond with the wolves and learned how to communicate with them. Back at the den the pup begins to howl, and Torak joins in. The two become great friends and treat each other like brothers. The wolf calls Torak Tall Tailness and Torak calls the pup Wolf. The brothers track, hunt, and play together for many moons. Torak comes to the realization that Wolf is his guide, and together they begin to head north towards the Mountain of the World Spirit.
In the end, through the guidance of Yellow Calf, the protagonist discovers himself, learns to respect the natural order of the land, and overcomes the guilt and sorrow that has lived within him for many years. The physical journey may be complete, but the spiritual voyage will continue for a lifetime.
In the beginning of this story, one expects for the characters to follow the concepts that they represent. This story displays one man's journey to leave his home and comfort zone in order to fully explore his curiosity. He goes off into a forest and undergoes a life changing experience there. He encounters three different things that set him on the path to the journey of knowledge. This forest was symbolic of an assessment of strength, bravery, and survival. It took determination to survive in the forest and the young person entering into it would not emerge the same. Conversely, this story is more representative than realistic and the peril is of the character. This story is more of a vision or conscious daydream th...
In “A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson,” Mary Rowlandson, a Puritan mother from Lancaster, Massachusetts, recounts the invasion of her town by Indians in 1676 during “King Philip’s War,” when the Indians attempted to regain their tribal lands. She describes the period of time where she is held under captivity by the Indians, and the dire circumstances under which she lives. During these terrible weeks, Mary Rowlandson deals with the death of her youngest child, the absence of her Christian family and friends, the terrible conditions that she must survive, and her struggle to maintain her faith in God. She also learns how to cope with the Indians amongst whom she lives, which causes her attitude towards them to undergo several changes. At first, she is utterly appalled by their lifestyle and actions, but as time passes she grows dependent upon them, and by the end of her captivity, she almost admires their ability to survive the harshest times with a very minimal amount of possessions and resources. Despite her growing awe of the Indian lifestyle, her attitude towards them always maintains a view that they are the “enemy.”
‘‘A White Heron’’ begins on a June evening near the Maine coast. As the sun sets, nine-year-old Sylvia drives home a cow. This girl has no other friends and really likes these walks with the cow. However, this certain night it has taken her an unusually long time to find the cow and she hopes Mrs. Tilley, her grandmother, will not worry about her. But her grandmother knows that she likes to wander about in the woods so she will not worry. The little girl comes across a stranger in the woods this night and asked her for directions because he was lost. She invites him back to the house for the night and he is happy to learn Sylvia is interested in birds and confesses that he is searching for a certain white heron. He offers Sylvia ten dollars if she will show the hunter where the heron is. The next day they go out looking for the bird but do not find it. They call it a night and go back home. Sylvia leaves early the next morning and climbs a big pine tree where she observes the white herons nest. When she returns home she tells the hunter she is not sure where the nest is and the hunter leaves disappointed.
Sylvia was a 9 year old “nature girl” who met a charming ornithologist hunter on a mission to find the allusive white heron. Sylvia was about 8 years old when she moved with her grandmother from the city to a farm, “a good change for a little maid who had tried to grow for eight years in a crowded manufacturing town, but, as for Sylvia herself, it seemed as if she never had been alive at all before she came to live at the farm.” (Jewett, 1884, 1914, qtd in McQuade, et.al., 1999, p. 1641). Sylvia finds the secret, the white heron. Instead of telling the young hunter, she keeps the secret, because in her mind nature is more powerful than her feelings for “the enemy.”
First, Jackson begins by establishing the setting. She tells the reader what time of day and what time of year the story takes place. This is important to get the reader to focus on what a typical day it is in this small town. The time of day is set in the morning and the time of year is early summer. She also describes that school has just recently let out for summer break, letting the reader infer that the time of year is early summer. The setting of the town is described by the author as that of any normal rural community. Furthermore, she describes the grass as "richly green" and that "the flowers were blooming profusely" (196). These descriptions of the surroundings give the reader a serene felling about the town. Also, these descriptions make the reader feel comfortable about the surroundings as if there was nothing wrong in this quaint town.
The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson is a personal account, written by Mary Rowlandson in 1682, of what life in captivity was like. Her narrative of her captivity by Indians became popular in both American and English literature. Mary Rowlandson basically lost everything by an Indian attack on her town Lancaster, Massachusetts in 1675; where she is then held prisoner and spends eleven weeks with the Wampanoag Indians as they travel to safety. What made this piece so popular in both England and America was not only because of the great narrative skill used be Mary Rowlandson, but also the intriguing personality shown by the complicated character who has a struggle in recognizing her identity. The reoccurring idea of food and the word remove, used as metaphors throughout the narrative, could be observed to lead to Mary Rowlandson’s repression of anger, depression, and realization of change throughout her journey and more so at the end of it.
The story starts out with Sam remembering how he first got to be in his tree in the Catskills. A run-away, Sam Gribley, a young boy who lived in New York City with his family of eleven in a small apartment. None of them liked living there. His father used to talk of the family farm in the Catskill Mountains and the time he ran away to them. Sam decided this would be a way out of the dismal life he had in the city. He prepared himself well by listening very carefully to his father’s stories on survival and read books to be prepared for his planned new life.
“The Order of the Arrow” is a short story that narrates the events of boy scouts taking place in the wilderness. The setting of the story highlights the significance of the events and the interaction of the characters. The setting is the environment and conditions in which the story takes place and develops. In “The Order of the Arrow,” the location plays a significant role in the development and the meaning of events that occur throughout the story.