1. Introduction
Getting software development done on time, within budget and that covers all functional and non-functional requirements specified have been difficult and challenge (Darville and Zhang, 2012). In addition, Development effort, cost for developing an application and delivery on time are substantially high in producing complex systems (Ionita and Hammer et al., 2002). In order to evaluate the quality of the system against the business requirement, methods and tools are playing important role to support architects and the developers in evaluation process (Ionita and Hammer et al., 2002). Developing and maintaining a complex and highly featured systems needs making a sequence of architecture design decisions (Kazman and Asundi et al., 2002).
Moreover, the issue occurs in the application development is that business requirement is not clear enough and poorly specified non-functional requirement. Hence software architecture designs fail to support the business needs efficiently (Darville and Zhang, 2012). Architecture has to be designed such that architecture should reflect all Quality Attributes (QAs) (such that usability, performance, modifiability, security etc.) and business objectives (Lee and Kang et al., 2009, pp. 453--475).
Ionita and Hammer et al.,(2002) stated the currently available software architecture methods for analysis the software architecture quality are SAAM - Software Architecture Analysis Method, ATAM - Architecture Trade-off Analysis Method, CBAM - Cost Benefit Analysis Method, ALMA - Architecture Level Modifiability Analysis, FAAM - Family–Architecture Analysis Method (Ionita and Hammer et al., 2002)
ATAM and CBAM are widely used architecture evolution method.[4] ATAM is for assessing Quality At...
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... calculated by current and desire responses with expected through interpolation.
In step 7 following formula used to calculate total benefit. Sum of the benefit that falls to each scenario, normalized by weight of the scenarios.
Each Architectural strategy (i), benefit which we calculated B and weight of Scenario j.
Bi = ∑( bi, j × Wj ) j This “delta utility” is computed as follows: bi,j = Uexpected - Ucurrent, minus the utility value of current with expected
In step 8 estimation of cost was done based on experience for each scenario. Then ROI has been calculated for each Architectural strategy with the result of estimation. Each Architectural strategy ranked using ROI.
The ROI value ratio calculates as follows,
Total benefit = Bi
Cost = Ci
ROI, Ri= Bi / Ci
Iteration went on the same CBAM process again . In that team were discussed various risks and
The IT department needs to collaborate with the business to better understand how organization changes impact applications and systems. Moreover, IT needs to strengthen the IT-business alignment to stay abreast of future changes. One methodology that may assist here is business architecture, a blueprint of the business that supports aligning strategic objectives and tactical demands. 7. There are limits to customer-centric responsiveness.
Another process activity useful for the prediction of changes is requirements-driven impact analysis or RIDA, for short. This analysis is used to pinpoint which software entities need to be altered in order to be able to implement a certain requirement (Lindvall, 1998). RIDA, which is conducted during the release planning phase, takes two variables into consideration. Firstly, there is the input, which refers to the existing complex system and the set of requirements. Secondly, there is the output, which represents the specific software entities that have to be changed to meet each requirement.
Controlled Requirement Expression (CORE) was developed for the British Aerospace programs while the UK Ministry of Defence was carrying out a requirement analysis (Hull et al., 2010). The fundamental component of the CORE methodology is viewpoints as different users see systems in different ways. There are many different stakeholders involved in a system; using CORE methodology involves finding all the different viewpoints of those stakeholders that have an interest in the system whether it’s a person, role or organisation ext.… (Sommerville and Sawyer, 2000). By organising viewpoints hierarchy it assists experts to read the scope and supports the analysis process. CORE Methodology is extensively used for real time system requirements specification.
SDLC( Software Development Life Cycle) , is a process used by the software industry to design, develop and test high quality software .The SDLC aim to produce good quality software that meets or exceeds the user’s expectation and reaches completion within time and cost estimates.
Five characteristics of infrastructure architecture include scalability, availability, reliability, portability, and accessibility. Scalability describes how well a system can scale up, or adapt to the increased demands of growth. Availability refers to the time frames when the system is operational. Reliability ensures a system is functioning correctly and providing accurate information. Portability refers to the ability of an application to operate on different devices or software platforms, such as different operating systems. Accessibility refers to the varying levels that define what a user can
...arations needed during implementation of the project while the final phase is meant for overall evaluation.
It is a step of defining the goals of the projects and the results are aimed at reaching certain levels of productivity of customer satisfaction. The second stage is measure, and it is the stage of collecting data and facts and evaluating current operational performance. The third stage is analyze with the purpose of developing methods and theories that will best suit the solving of the problem; it is also a stage of detecting cause-and-effect ties of the processes. The fourth stage is improve, it is aimed at generating ideas for reaching the desired process improvement. Finally, there is the control stage that is about monitoring the operations to find out whether the process of improvement is smooth and the problems were solved (Meredith & Shafer,
“Marginal analysis involves changing the value(s) of the choice variable(s) by a small amount to see if the objective function can be further increased (in the case of maximization problems) or further decreased (in the case of minimization problems)” (Thomas & Maurice, 2012, pp. 91). Marginal analysis is known as “the central organizing principle of economic theory” for its importance and applicability to many aspects of our daily lives as well as our careers (Thomas & Maurice, 2012, pp. 94). The key concepts of marginal analysis include total benefit, total cost, marginal benefit, marginal cost and net benefit. These concepts all come together to play a significant role in the use of marginal analysis to reach the optimal desired outcome.
After the systems planning is complete, the next course of action is the systems analysis phase. This phase includes defining the requirements of the system. This means that the team must conclude what the system needs to do in order to satisfy the users. This is done by forming a requirements...
This paper has the intention to explain what Rational Unified Process (RUP) is like an IBM product and a CASE tool. After is explained what phases it has, what are the most common extensions thus what are its workflows more used. The Rational Unified Process (RUP) is a software design method created by the Rational Software Corporation and now is part of IBM developer software. This paper describes how to deploy software effectively. The Rational Unified Process (RUP) use commercially proven techniques, and is a heavy weight process, and hence particularly applicable to larger software development teams working on large projects.
Within the analysis phase a set of goals are needed within the domain. From this there are three perspectives which are taken; the object model the Ronald LeRoi Burback (1998) states “dynamic model, and a functional model. The object model represents the artifacts of the system. The dynamic model represents the interaction between these artifacts represented as events, states, and transitions. The functional model represents the methods of the system from the perspective of data flow.” After the analysis phase the system design phase takes place. Here the system is sub-categorized and appointed tasks and persistent data storage is established, also within this phase the architecture is formed. Lastly the object design phase starts and is where the implementation plan is established and algorithms and object classes are also
After an ideal solution is selected and approved its execution through implementation is done to address the problem. All tasks in the implementation should be coordinated with a finite start and implementation closure deadlines as well as milestones. Program evaluation and Review (PERT) as well as Critical Path Method(CPM) are ideal to guide this stage.
Requirements engineering begins during the communication activity, continues into the modeling activity, and builds a bridge from the system requirements into software design and construction. Through requirements engineering, there is an examination of the context of software work performed. It is essential for the software engineering team to understand all requirements of a problem before the team tries to solve the problem. An identification of specific needs that the design and construction must address is also included. Further is a need for the identification of the priorities that guides the order for the completion of work. This i...
An effective e-business architecture should be built after a careful analysis of the way a company does business, for implementing an appropriate architecture is a way to make businesses overall more efficient. When developing an e-business architecture, a company must first take into consideration its current business structure or how they would like this structure to be if it's a new business, and from that point develop an architecture that will take the business to a next level of organization and management.
META Group. Inc has an enterprise architecture planning process that avails a systematic way to aligning information technology projects to IT organizations with corporate priorities and objectives. META Group is an international organization that deals with advisory and consulting issues internationally. It`s role is to provide advice on technology and business strategies. It has provided these services to more than three thousand, three hundred clients across the world in over forty countries. META Group has used an enterprise architecture tool known as Model Driven Architecture (MDA). This tool has the capacity of implementing enterprise systems that are made known by the enterprise architecture process. Therefore, it provides a broad loom to the development and management of IT environments (Buchanan, 2002).