Falsifying Evidence in Research

As a diabetes research postdoc at the Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Tian-Shing Lee falsified data that went to print in 1989. In April of 1993, the University reviewed her work on diabetes and Protein Kinase C, while being funded by the National Eye Institute. Lee was determined to have fabricated the data by documenting time and data points that were not completed and removing outliers from her data sets (Office of Research Integrity, 1993).

In October of 1991, George L. King and Kang-Quan Hu, both of whom are co authors on the article, "Endothelin stimulates a sustained 1,2-diacylglycerol increase and protein kinase C activation in bovine aortic smooth muscle cells", asked that Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications retracts the paper. They call into question “flaws in methodological execution and data analysis” (King, 1991) and therefore, the validity of the tables and figures (King, 1991).

In the same year, Kirstie A. Saltsman, Ohashi and George L. King, reported corrections and retractions to the Proceedings of the National Academy of Scienc...