Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Coal sustainability essay
Coal sustainability essay
How does coal form
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Coal sustainability essay
1.) Explain how coal is formed?
Coal is formed from remains of vegetation that grew hundreds of millions of years ago. A majority of our coal was formed about 300 million years ago. During this time, most of the earth was covered with steamy swamps. As time passed, the remains of dead plants and trees sank to the bottom of these swamps. These layers of dead plant remains eventually become a dense and soggy substance known as peat. Throughout time, seas and rivers allowed sand, clay, and other mineral deposits to layer upon the peat. The increase of this process eventually caused the substance to form into coal.
2.) How do we extract coal?
Coal can be extracted in a variety of ways. There are a lot of factors involved in coal mining, which in turn determine which method is most reasonable or economical for extracting coal. A large determining factor is whether or not the coal is being extracted from the surfaces or beneath the surface (underground). A significant amount of coals that are extracted from both the surface and below the surface require washing in a coal preparation plant. All the factors taken into consideration for the most reasonable
…show more content…
The price of coal remains stable unlike the prices of other fuel and energy sources. Coal is also one of the most abundant energy sources among all energy and fuel sources. Coal is also easy to burn and produces high amounts of energy upon combustion. Coal mining is also responsible for employing over 134,000 people in the United States alone. Coal is also independent of weather conditions, unlike other energy sources. If it happens to raining or strong winds occur, that is not an issue. Power Plants will continue to operate and people will continue to work. This also means that the supply of electricity from these sources is continuous and more consistent than electricity produces by solar panels or wind
The complete process of coal tar production is shown in Figure 1. The coal tar is produced by carbonization of coal. In this process, the coal is heated at 900-1100 ºC and the evolved vapors are condensed to form liquid, from which ammonia is removed to obtain a black viscous crude coal tar. The composition of tar so obtained depends upon the origin and composition of starting material used viz. bituminous (soft) coal, anthracite (hard) (Arnold 1997, Thami 2002).
The coal industry has spent millions of dollars trying to convince people that they can create a product that is environmentally friendly. The coal industry wants the image of being a "clean" energy seems like a new phenomenon, where today there is better technology to understand the risk of coal and the everyday environment impact that can be seen today with the use of coal for more than a century for industrialization.
Most of america does not know but two out of twelve percent of the united states coal will be shut down by or in 2025.(Jeff Spross) This is terrible because coal is what the world runs on. People in america are happy because it is going to make the environment better, but when it comes down to it they will complain when electric prices go up because it cost more to make energy. Coal is what powers phones, houses, schools, restaurants, gas stations, it is what powers the tools to build the houses that keep us warm at night, and the cities and towns we all call home across America.
What comes to mind when you think of coal mining? If you're like me, coal mining means living in darkness and a cold hearted industry. Other words that come to mind are poverty and oppression. Coal mining is not a job that you dream about or get a degree for. People who are coal miners do not chose a life full of danger and repression, they get stuck with it. There are many dangers that come along with coal mining, not only for the workers, but for the environment. Coal mining and the coal industry have caused irreversible damage to our environment and has killed innocent miners.
Coalification, the geologic process that progressively converts plant material to coal, generates large quantities of natural gas, which are subsequently stored in the coal seams. The increased pressures from water in the coal seams force the natural gas to adsorb to the coal. The natural gas consists of approximately 96 percent methane, 3.5 percent nitrogen, and trace amounts of carbon dioxide (U.S. EPA, 2004a). Also known as Coal bed methane (CBM), CSG is released by removing water from the stratum which reduces the pressure on the coal seam (Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation QLD, 2012).
electricity generation, which accounts for 90 percent of its total usage. The U.S. is the second largest producer of coal, falling behind China. At the end of 2003, there was an estimated 268 billion tons of coal reserves in the U.S. (Agency, Coal - Clean Energy, 2013) The U.S. produced 948 million short tons of coal in 2013, with now over 10 trillion short tons in reserve. U.S. mining operations support over 500 coal burning power plants, supplied by U.S. rail systems. (EIA, 2014) Coal is currently gaining ground in terms of demand. Despite the negative associations given to coal, it has many positives. There is an abundance of coal in large quantities that is readily available on-hand locally in the United States. This can save on importation fees. It is safer than natural gas to transport; however, mining can still be somewhat dangerous. Above all, it is the cheapest source of energy that is available at this time. (Nersesian, 2010) Coal is relatively inexpensive and in thriving in a mature industry. It is very abundant in highly industrialized countries, and can be transformed into a liquid or gas which burns cleaner. (Association, 2014)
Coal is a fossil fuel that can be use to create electricity. In order for coal to create electricity it requires mining, transport of power plants...
Acid mine drainage refers to water (leachate, drainage or seepage) that has come into contact with oxidised rocks or overburden that contains sulphide material (coal, zinc, copper, lead). (Keller, 2000; U.S.G.S.; U.S.E.P.A., 2002). A common sulphide is pyrite, or iron disulfide (FeS2), and throughout this essay it will be pyrite that will be the primary sulphide considered. Acid mine drainage is not a new phenomenon, early mining techniques utilized gravity to avoid water pooling, resulting in the water becoming polluted by acid, iron, sulphur and aluminium (U.S.E.P.A., 2002). It is most commonly associated with coal mining, especially with soft coal, coal that has high sulphur content. The pyrite that is present in coal seams will be accessible after surface mining when the overlying surfaces are removed or in deep mines that allow oxygen access to the previously inaccessible pyrite-containing coal (D.E.P. 1, 1997). After pyrite is exposed to air and water, sulphuric acid and iron hydroxide are formed, creating an acidic runoff (D.E.P. 1, 1997; 2 2002).
Coal mining can benefit humans as well as it supports the economy in many ways. Coal mining provides a lot of jobs for local communities. It provides over 7 million jobs worldwide.
Coal mining is not just dangerous to the environment but also a big life and health risk to the workers themselves. Coal miners live the risk of getting trapped in the coal mines if something goes wrong as in an explosive goes off and covers the way out. Since coal mines are deep into mountain sides the possibility of getting the workers out is very low because it is very hard to reach them. In a mine in Mexico, 65 miners got trapped and died due to an explosion that went wrong. There are approximately 6,000 deaths every year in the mines of china. They are the ones that cause the most deaths.
Coal production in the world has been a revolutionary aspect for humans. Life today as we know it is easy because of the significant impact coal had during the Industrial Revolution. Coal is namely one of the cheapest energy sources available on Earth when being compare to oil, natural gas, and nuclear energy but it creates a few problems when it’s used, specifically environmental ones. Nonetheless this energy resource has been a key concept for many countries as it has provided them with a booming economy. An example would be China who is one of the largest producers and consumers of this energy resource.
Carbon Dioxide is a colorless, odorless gas that occurs in small quantities in the earth's atmosphere naturally. The earth's ocean, soil, plants and animals release CO2. The formula of Carbon Dioxide is CO2. The CO2 molecule contains 2 oxygen atoms that each share 2 electrons with a carbon atom to form 2 carbon - oxygen double bonds. The atoms are arranged as so (OHT). This is called a 'linear molecule'.
Coal, it is an important resource in everyday life. That is why I have chosen to explain the resources of coal, how it is formed and explored (how it is found) and extracted. And provide the advantages and disadvantages arising from mining and the use of coal.
Coal is one of the most frequently used fossil fuels in this country. The United States Energy Information Administration claims that in 2014, the U.S. generated 4,093 kilowatthours of electricity. 67% of that was generated by fossil fuels. Of that 67%, 39% of that was coal.18 Coal is in abundance across the country and has no evidence of running out any time soon. With this abundance in coal, there are new tactics being used to convert the hazardous chemicals into a more clean type of energy. This is accomplished by the implementation of clean carbon capture. The price of mining coal is relatively cheap, this is going to contribute to the continuation of burning coal unless there is a cheaper more readily available resource.