In England in 2009 smoking attributed to over 81,000 deaths in those over 35 years old, 18 per cent of all deaths in this age group (IC. NHS, 2011). Over sixty years ago the causal link between smoking and lung cancer was recognized (Doll, R. and Hill, A., 1950). Since that time smoking has been linked to numerous types of cancer (IARC, 2002) and other diseases (NHS Choices, 2009).
As a consequence the nurses' role in promoting smoking cessation is vital. Effectiveness in this role depends upon understanding the evidence in order to overcome any misunderstandings that patients may have. In the UK 27% of the internet using adults had used health-related websites (ONS., 2006).
Alarmingly, a large percentage of people do not check the source or date of the information used (Childs, S. 2007). The nurses' skill in evaluating a web-based information is therefore, essential. There is no scarcity in the number of websites promoting ways for people to give up smoking.
Here, the website 'Quit-Smoking-Stop' (2011) will be evaluated using a website evaluation model (University of California, 2011). Quit-Smoking-Stop contains 54 pages, with information and tips about quitting smoking and is aimed primarily at teenagers. Included are facts about the effects of smoking, smoking facts, cessation support, tips for quitting and resources. Contained are several easy to read tables and various images of cancerous growths. Several products are recommended on the site along with numerous advertisements.
The URL 'Quit-Smoking-Stop.com' server domain name decodes as a commercial website according to Lesley University (2011). Quit-smoking-stop is the named site, while the domain extension 'com' indicates a commercial. There is no two-lette...
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University of California (2011) Evaluating Web Pages: Techniques to Apply & Questions to Ask. [online] Available at: http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/TeachingLib/Guides/Internet/Evaluate.html [Accessed 24 October 2011].
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, (1990) Health Benefits of Smoking Cessation: A Report of the Surgeon General . 1st ed. Darby: DIANE Publishing Company: pp. Xi
White AR, Rampes H, Liu JP, Stead LF, Campbell J. (2011) Acupuncture and related interventions for smoking cessation. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011, Issue 5 [online] Article. CD000009 Chicester, U.K.: John Wiley & Sons Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD000009.pub3/pdf [Accessed 27 October 2011]
World Health Organization. 2011. Tobacco. [online] Available at: http://www.who.int/topics/tobacco/en/. [Accessed 27 October 2011].
This paper will focus on looking at if e-cigarettes and other therapies are a valid way to help stop smoking. Doctors and patients alike need a definitive answer for this. This is a topic which is relevant at the moment as e-cigarettes become more prevalent in the United Kingdom (UK). As “current use [of e-cigarettes has] more than doubled from 2.7% of smokers in 2010 to 6.7% in 2012.”3 This paper will cover nicotine as a neurotoxin and how it affects the brain and body, what mechanisms nicotine uses and adverse signs and symptoms of nicotine use and overdose. This paper will also cover nicotine replacement therapies (NRT’s) such as gum, patches and oral spray but will focus mainly on e-cigarettes. It should be noted that as e-cigarettes have not been tested thoroughly, therefore they can’t be marketed as a nicotine replacement therapy by UK law at time of writing.
Smoking is the most preventable cause of death in our society. During 1995, approximately 2.1 million people in developed countries died as a result of smoking. One tobacco use is responsible for nearly one in five deaths in the United States. Lung Cancer mortality are about 23 times higher for current male smokers and 13 times higher for current female smokers compared to a lifelong never-smoker.
When smokers quit-what are the benefits over time. (2014, Februrary 6). American Cancer Society. Retrieved from www.cancer.org
Cancer of the lung was nearly nonexistent in the early 1900’s. By the middle of the 20th century an epidemic became apparent throughout the United States and the rest of the world. It is primarily correlated with the widespread abundance of cigarette smoking in the world. The tobacco industry has multiplied its production immediately prior to World War I. There was a typical 20 to 30 year lagging period between the initiation of cigarette smoking and the actual tumor formation in the lungs. Lung cancer is the cancer that originates in the tissues of the lungs. It occurs when cells in the lung start to grow rapidly in an uncontrolled manner. Lung cancer can start anywhere in the lungs and affect any part of the respiratory system. Most of all lung cancer cases start in the lining of the bronchi (health-cares.net, 2005). It is the leading cause of all cancer deaths in the world. During this time the tobacco companies would continue to say that cigarette smoking was not addictive and did not cause any type of cancer. Even with all evidence in the world today about tobacco causing cancer, Tobacco companies still remain the most profitable business in the world. Lung cancer is very common in both women and men. Women account for about 40 percent of the lung cancer cases in the world. Women who smoke are more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer as those of men who smoke (Tavor, 2005).
...ife. Furthermore smoker’s needs to be encouraged to quit thus it may take many attempts before victims can quit completely. However, good communication with smokers needs careful discussion to reduce the risk of earlier failure problems facing quitting. If nurses can make it their duty by reaching out to each of their patients about quitting smoking, then this would go a long wait in reaching a lot of people even if they don’t want to. There is already smoke free policy in the UK which is working and hopefully will still help in the reduction of smoking con gumption. It is important the government do more of anti-smoking campaigns to reach out to the manual and routine group and make follow up in regards to quitting completely. Furthermore, they need to increase tax rates on tobacco and put an end to shops that still advertising cigarette smoking in their shops
Smoking is a lifestyle, a habit, and a trend. Smoking has become a social activity among teens, connecting them through the craving of a smoke. Smoking is seen as seductive and cool in the media and movies which influences teenagers to smoke even more. The World Health Organization has stated that “Tobacco kills around 6 million people each year. More than 5 million of those deaths are the result of direct tobacco use while more than 600,000 are the result of non-smokers being exposed to second-hand smoke.” As of April 2016, only 7% of teenagers in the U.S. smoke, but it is said that tobacco use will kill 8 million people annually by 2030. 99% of adult smokers start in their years as teenagers. Smoking is an epidemic that has taken control of people’s lives since 1881 and the media since the early 1900s. Smoking currently kills about 440,000 people a year in the U.S. I feel that it is an issue because it is the #1 most preventable way to die, but people still continue to smoke because of how it looks and how they are perceived as a person if they do. The fact that people become addicted to a trend that will attribute to their death for the sake of being thought of as cooler, is a problem that needs to be addressed.
The author’s purpose in this essay is to show how smoking can be beneficial in some ways. Brimelow presents his credibility with studies from the International Journal of Epidemiology, New England Journal of Medicine, and Journal of the American Medical Association (Brimelow 142). He notes that smoking can both calm and stimulate people. Smoking has been shown to calm people while driving if they take long puffs. Smoking has also been shown to stimulate if taken in quick, short puffs. Brimelow reiterates this by telling us that “Current understanding is that nicotine is ‘amphoteric’ –that is, it can act to counter both conditions, depending on how it is consumed” (142). This is a reason how smoking can be beneficial.
Johnson, T. (2011). S.P.I.D.E.R. A strategy for evaluating websites. Library Media Connection, 29(6), 58-59. Retrieved from http://web.b.ebscohost.com.proxy.devry.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=a1fe208a-6fb8-4e68-8191-7ef041e2d483%40sessionmgr111&vid=25&hid=113
Smoking causes many other types of cancer, including cancers of the throat, mouth, nasal cavity, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, kidney, bladder, and cervix, and even leukemia has been found linked to smoking. Also, people who smoke are up to six times more likely to suffer a heart attack than nonsmokers, and the risk increases with the number of cigarettes smoked. Smoking also causes most cases of chronic obstructive lung disease. Also, approximately 49,400 deaths have been due to exposure to secondhand smoke. 3,000 nonsmoking adults die of diseases caused by exposure to second-hand smoke every year.
As most of you know, smoking is bad for your health, but what some of you might not know is that you don’t actually have to smoke to be harmed by smoking. Lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer deaths in men and women, is mainly caused by cigarette smoking. Secondhand smoking causes approximately 2 percent of lung cancer deaths each year. It causes respiratory disease, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), middle ear disease, and asthma attacks in children.
The risk of lung cancer among cigarette smokers increases with the duration of smoking and the number of cigarettes smoked per day. This observation has been made repeatedly in cohort and
Web. The Web. The Web. 19 Mar. 2014 Wanjek, Christopher. A.M. The “5 Health Benefits of Smoking.”
In the following paragraph we are going to dig a little deeper into some statistics about smoking to give a little background for the presented argument. According to a 2012 study by the Center for Disease Control (CDC), Cigarette smoking is the number one cause of preventable death in the U.S. racking in around 480,000 deaths a year or roughly one in five deaths accounted for in the U.S. per year. Smoking in a general perspective, has been perc...
Did you know that in the US the effects of smoking cause more deaths than HIV, illegal drugs, alcohol, motor vehicle injuries, suicides, and murders combined? Have you had someone in your family who has suffered or died from the effects of smoking. I know I have, and the previous fact makes those deaths all the more tragic when you realize how preventable the deadly illnesses that result from smoking really are. Avoiding smoking entirely, can literally be the difference between life and death. The detrimental effects of smoking to your health, the carcinogenic materials in cigarettes and that comprise the smoke byproduct, and the surprising negative impact on one’s appearance are compelling reasons to never engage in smoking.
“Dangers of Smoking Cigarettes for Smokers” healthliteracy.worlded.org. Copyright 1995 by Marjorie Jacobs revised 1997, n.d web 14 April 2011