Nickel is present in metallic meteorites and evidence supported nickel has been in use since ancient times, traced back to 5000 BCE, for example, beads found in graves in Egypt. Nickel was first isolated and classified as a chemical element in 1751 by Axel Fredrik Cronstedt, who originally misidentified the ore for a copper mineral, He thought it might comprise copper but what he extracted was a new metal which he proclaimed and named nickel. It is a chemical element named as symbol “Ni” on the periodic table ranked atomic number 28. Compared with other metals, nickel has natural characteristics of high corrosion resists with superior toughness, additional strength even at high and low temperatures, and a range of special magnetic and electronic …show more content…
Most of the meteorites that hit Earth comprise nickel and it often found in granite. Currently, 23 countries around the world are mining nickel ores, while nickel is smelted in 25 different countries. Among those countries, Canada, Australia, Indonesia, and Russia are the world’s leading producers. Nickel can be deposited in two ways: magmatic sulfide and laterite sulfide, it is mainly obtained from the nickel sulfides pentlandite, milarite and pyrrhotite, which hold around 1% nickel substance, and the iron-containing lateritic ores limonite and garnierite, which comprise about 4% nickel substance. Nickel can be extracted directly from its ore by reduction by hydrogen or carbon monoxide at an elevated temperature at 600 ∘C to 650 …show more content…
It is very ductile and malleable, meaning the ability to be hammered, pressed, or rolled into thin sheets without breaking, allow alloys to be formed into wire, rods, tubes, and sheets. Nickel is rarely used in its pure form but usually alloyed with other metals to enhance their strength and resistance to corrosion. About 65% of the nickel is consumed to are used to manufacture stainless steels and it usually account 8-10% ingredient of nickel to produce stainless and heat-resisting steels, used for pots and pans, kitchen sinks etc. 20% of the nickel is used in other steel and non-ferrous alloys like superalloys which often for highly specialized industrial, aerospace and military applications. On the other hand, nickel plays a key role of several rechargeable batteries which makes nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) commonly used in the smartphone, automobile, power tools and other emergency power supply, followed by the increasing demand of portable personal electronic device and electric automobile it plays a major role in our everyday life. Nickel also widely used as catalysts in order to make chemical reactions much more efficient, including reforming hydrocarbons, hydrogenation of vegetable oils, it can also be used in filters and binder as well as the production of pesticides and fertilizers. Electroplated nickel which may refer to Nickel coatings is also used to provide hard-wearing decorative. This type of coating
Barbara Ehrenreich’s use of logos in order to gain the reader’s support and approval was prevalent throughout this section. She clearly outlines her credibility and aptitude in the introduction of her novel - she mentions her education as well as statistical facts about hourly wages in the United States and how they will relate to her experiment. She points out her “…PhD in biology, (which she) didn’t get by sitting at a desk and fiddling with numbers” and how “According to the National Coalition for the Homeless, in 1998 it took an hourly wage of $8.89 to afford a one-bedroom apartment…the odds against a typical welfare recipient’s landing a job at such a ‘living wage’ were about 97 to 1.”
The American Dream is attainable by each and every one of us. The American Dream is the idea that everyone should have an equal opportunity to achieve success through hard work and determination. Every successful person living today had to work hard for their position. They climb the ranks until they got to where they stand today. Everyone could become successful and live the American dream as long as they work very hard starting at a young age into adulthood and study and perform well in school. They must study for school and get a good education. In the book “Nickel and Dimed”, Barbara is struggling to get along because she is surviving off jobs that require little to no education and experience.
The research excerpt, “Nickel-and-Dimed” conducted by Barbara Ehrenreich, explained the day-to-day of the low-wage workforce in America. Ehrenreich conducted the experiment by immersing herself in the” world that welfare mothers are entering”, as she recalls. To commence her journey, she finds a place to live for $500 in Key West, Florida. After she is acclimated in her “sweet little place” she runs through the ads to find work. Ehrenreich finally, lands a job at Hearthside Hotel for $2.43 an hour plus tips. On the first day, she follows Gail, a waitress, to learn the tricks of the trade. She quickly feels overwhelmed by the work and learns that she is incompetent. The first problem she encounters at Hearthside Hotel are the managers she has
The debate of eliminating pennies or maintaining pennies is a current focus in the United States. Many people think that eliminating the penny would positively influence the United States because the government would not have to devote millions of dollars for pennies. While many other people think that eliminating the pennies would negatively influence the United States because of the rounding tax that would be introduced after the pennies are eliminated. I think that we should continue to keep on manufacturing the pennies because the penny shows how it impacted the English language, it can also help causes that can save lives, and pennies can keep the government from creating the rounding tax which can cost consumers millions of additional dollars.
Millions of Americans work full-time, day in and day out, making near and sometimes just minimum wage. In 1998, Barbara Ehrenreich decided to join them in part by the welfare claim, which promises that any job equals a better life. Barbara wondered how anyone can survive, let alone prosper, on $6-$7 an hour. Barbara moved from Florida to Maine to Minnesota, working in the cheapest lodgings available and accepting work as a waitress, hotel maid, house cleaner, nursing home aide, and Wal-Mart salesperson. She soon realizes that even the lowliest occupations require exhausting mental and physical efforts and in most cases more than one job was needed to make ends meet. Nickel and Dimed reveals low-wage America in all of its glory, consisting of
According to recent statistics, zinc is the third most commonly used nonferrous metal in the United States. This unassuming metal was among the first minerals exploited by Man, used as a decorative material for thousands of years, although it never achieved the fame and notoriety of other metals such as gold or silver. In more recent times, new extraction and processing methods have allowed Man to produce higher-quality zinc than ever before, and to use it in an astonishingly high number of chemical and high-tech applications.
Aluminum is the most abundant metallic constituent in the crust of the earth; only the nonmetals oxygen and silicon are more abundant. Aluminum is never found as a free metal; commonly as aluminum silicate or as a silicate of aluminum mixed with other metals such as sodium, potassium, iron, calcium, and magnesium. These silicates are not useful ores, for it is chemically difficult, and therefore an expensive process, to extract aluminum from them. bauxite an impure h...
The book “Nickel and Dimed” is a very thought provoking read. Dr. Ehrenreich begins her book with the introduction by discussing with the audience how she developed the idea for this book during an expensive lunch. Dr. Ehrenreich speculated how workers with such little skill and education survive on such inadequate incomes. She can not fathom how these people are surviving, and wants to find out and understand their “tricks”. Dr. Ehrenreich decides to consider an experiment where she examines the consequences of the welfare reform by going out and trying to work and survive in the low wage work environment all while living a low wage lifestyle. She also decides to make some rules for her experiment. The first rule is she can
Mikel Fair Summer School 2016 Dominguem. Many Americans are still struggling to make ends meet. According to the Census Bureau, 104 million people live in the area. A third of all Americans have incomes below twice the poverty line.
In the excerpt from Barbara Ehrenreich’s, “Nickel and Dimed”, Ehrenreich uses her own knowledge and scientific experience from a PhD in biology to further research the life of a low wage worker. She goes through her own low wage job experience with the corporate cleaning agency, “The Maids.” Ehrenreich offers a profound perception of the day-to-day challenges and sacrifices that low wage workers face to keep their jobs, support their families, and survive in a corporate driven society.
Nickel and Dimed On (not) Getting By in America by Ehrenreich. In the book Nickel and Dimed On (not) Getting By in America, the author Ehrenreich, goes under cover as a minimum wage worker. Ehrenreich’s primary reason for seriously getting low paying jobs is to see if she can “match income to expenses as the truly poor attempt to do everyday. ”(Ehrenreich 6)
By adding up to 2%,of carbon it makes the steel tough and strong. Although it’s tough and strong, it is able to bend. To make sure that the metal doesn’t rust, it has a zinc coating on it. Iron is 26 on the periodic table,and considered an “transition metal,” meaning that it is ductile and malleable, and conduct electricity and heat. ... “Some other elements that are similar to iron are cobalt and nickel. They are the only elements known to produce a magnetic field.” Zinc is 30 on the periodic table and it is also a transition metal like iron. “The first iron used by humans is likely to have come from meteorites.” A meteorite is a meteor that survives its passage through the earth's atmosphere such that part of it strikes the ground. More than 90 percent of meteorites are of rock, while the remainder consist wholly or partly of iron and nickel. Meteors are believed to have been from the asteroid belt of Mars and
In Nickels and Dimes by Barbara Ehrenreich, the author decides to experience the life of an average worker in the service industry in order to record and show to the world how they survive with a minimum wage, long working hours, and tiring jobs without much compensation with health insurance or being allowed to take breaks. As she journeys fourth she also discovers new things about herself that she didn’t ever think would happen to her unless she actually worked as a waitress or in hotel service.
Aluminum is a silvery-white metal which is a chemical element of boron group represented by symbol Al and have atomic number 13. It has soft ductile nature. Aluminum is abundantly available (third most abundant element). It makes about 8% of the total mass of earth crust. It is very chemically reactive and present with the combination of 270 different minerals. Previously it was produced in 1924 for the first time. Bauxite is the chief ore of aluminum. Aluminum is famous because of its low density and its ability to resist corrosion by using the phenomena of passivation. Alumina is an integral part of an aerospace industry, electrical engineering, and transportation with its other alloys. It is also used in building and window